|
Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie
Kenneth Robert Henderson Mackenzie (31 October 1833 – 3 July 1886) was an English linguist, orientalist and autodidact. Early life Mackenzie was born on 31 October 1833 at Deptford near London, England. The following year, his family lived in Vienna, where his father, Dr. Rowland Hill Mackenzie, was assistant surgeon in the midwifery department at Imperial Hospital. When Dr. Mackenzie and his wife returned to England around 1840, Kenneth remained in Vienna for his education, excelling in languages (German, French, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew). At 17, he was back in London, where he worked in the publishing office of Benjamin Disraeli. Literary career In 1851, when Mackenzie was just 18, his short introductory biography of Homer, a translation of a text by Herodotus, appeared in Theodore Alois Buckley’s ''The Odyssey of Homer, with the Hymns, Epigrams, and Battles of the Frogs and Mice. Literally Translated, with Explanatory Notes'' (London: Henry Bohn). At the beginning of the bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autodidact
Autodidacticism (also autodidactism) or self-education (also self-learning and self-teaching) is education without the guidance of masters (such as teachers and professors) or institutions (such as schools). Generally, autodidacts are individuals who choose the subject they will study, their studying material, and the studying rhythm and time. Autodidacts may or may not have formal education, and their study may be either a complement or an alternative to formal education. Many notable contributions have been made by autodidacts. Etymology The term has its roots in the Ancient Greek words (, ) and (, ). The related term ''didacticism'' defines an artistic philosophy of education. Terminology Various terms are used to describe self-education. One such is heutagogy, coined in 2000 by Stewart Hase and Chris Kenyon of Southern Cross University in Australia; others are ''self-directed learning'' and ''self-determined learning''. In the heutagogy paradigm, a learner should be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil ( av, Шейх Шамил, Şeyx Şamil; ar, الشيخ شامل; russian: Имам Шамиль; 26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the political, military, and spiritual leader of North Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s, the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859), and a Sunni Muslim Shaykh of the Naqshbandi Sufi Tariqa. Family and early life Imam Shamil was born in 1797 into an Avar Muslim family. He was born in the small village (aul) of Gimry, (in present-day Dagestan, Russia). He was originally named Ali, but following local tradition, his name was changed when he became ill. His father, Dengau, was a landlord, and this position allowed Shamil and his close friend Ghazi Mollah to study many subjects, including Arabic and logic. Shamil grew up at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding into the territories of the Ottoman Empire and of Persia (see Russo-Persian War (1804-1813) and Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)). Many Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermetic Order Of The Golden Dawn
The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn ( la, Ordo Hermeticus Aurorae Aureae), more commonly the Golden Dawn (), was a secret society devoted to the study and practice of occult Hermeticism and metaphysics during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Known as a magical order, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn was active in Great Britain and focused its practices on theurgy and spiritual development. Many present-day concepts of ritual and magic that are at the centre of contemporary traditions, such as Wicca and Thelema, were inspired by the Golden Dawn, which became one of the largest single influences on 20th-century Western occultism. The three founders, William Robert Woodman, William Wynn Westcott and Samuel Liddell Mathers, were Freemasons. Westcott appears to have been the initial driving force behind the establishment of the Golden Dawn. The Golden Dawn system was based on hierarchy and initiation, similar to Masonic lodges; however, women were admitted on an equ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers
Samuel Liddell (or Liddel) MacGregor Mathers (8 or 11 January 1854 – 5 or 20 November 1918), born Samuel Liddell Mathers, was a British occultist. He is primarily known as one of the founders of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, a ceremonial magic order of which offshoots still exist. He became so synonymous with the order that Golden Dawn scholar Israel Regardie observed in retrospect that "the Golden Dawn was MacGregor Mathers." Early life Mathers was born on 8 or 11 January 1854 in Hackney, London, England. His father, William M. Mathers, died while he was still a boy. His mother, whose maiden name was Collins, died in 1885. He attended Bedford School and subsequently worked in Bournemouth as a clerk, before moving to London following the death of his mother. His wife was Moina Mathers (née Mina Bergson), sister of the philosopher Henri Bergson. Lifestyle Mathers added the "MacGregor" surname as a claim to Highland Scottish heritage. He was a practising vegetaria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Robert Woodman
Dr. William Robert Woodman (1828– 20 December 1891), one of three co-founders of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Biography Early years Woodman was born in England in 1828. He studied medicine and was licensed in 1851 and volunteered as a surgeon during Napoleon III's '' coup d'etat''. Afterwards, he set up his own practice at Stoke Newington where he also served as police surgeon. He had a love for gardening and was a prominent horticulturalist and flower exhibitor. Inheritance left him with some property in Exeter, he retired there in 1871 to pursue his gardening aspirations, but moved back to London in 1887. So admired was he in that field of expertise that after his death, the Royal Horticultural Society erected a memorial for his grave in Willesden.Woodman bio He was appointed Grand Sword Bearer of the United Grand Lodge of England, and he held high rank in many Orders, including the Order of the Red Cross of Constantine. The Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia Dr. Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Wynn Westcott
William Wynn Westcott (17 December 1848 – 30 July 1925) was a coroner, ceremonial magician, theosophist and Freemason born in Leamington, Warwickshire, England. He was a Supreme Magus (chief) of the S.R.I.A and went on to co-found the Golden Dawn. Biography He was a doctor of medicine. In 1871 he became active in Freemasonry where he became Master of his home Lodge three years later and also the ''Quatuor Coronati'' research lodge (Master 1893–94). In 1879 he moved to Hendon. In 1880 he began studying the Kabbalah and joined Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia. In 1882 he met Samuel Liddell Mathers. Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia Westcott became chief of the SRIA with the death of William Robert Woodman.Regardie, p. 17 The Golden Dawn Wescott co-founded the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn with Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers and William Robert Woodman in 1887, using the motto V.H. Frater Sapere Aude. Around this time, he was also active in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Societas Rosicruciana
The Societas Rosicruciana (or Rosicrucian Society) is a Rosicrucian order which limits its membership to Christian Master Masons. The order was founded in Scotland, but now exists in England, Scotland, Canada, Portugal, and the United States. While a prospective member must be a Trinitarian Christian Master Mason in good standing with a Grand Lodge that is recognized by the Grand Lodge of the jurisdiction in which the Society meets, the various Societies have no other Masonic links, ties, or official recognition. Additionally, in some jurisdictions, membership is by invitation only. As the Society offers assistance to all its members in working out the great problems of nature and science, it functions in some respects as a research society. History The Societas Rosicruciana claims a link to the original Rosicrucian Brotherhood. It bases its teachings on those found in the ''Fama'' and ''Confessio Fraternitas'' texts published in Germany in the early 17th century, along with oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Wentworth Little
Robert Wentworth Little (1840 – April 11, 1878) was a clerk and cashier at the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon of the secretary's office at the United Grand Lodge of England and later secretary of the Royal Masonic School, Royal Institution for Girls. He is credited with the structural design of the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia, S.R.I.A. with the rituals acquired from the store room of Freemasons' Hall, London, Freemasons Hall. He was also a founder of the Ancient and Primitive Rite Rite of Memphis-Misraim, of Misraim in England. Various controversy around the origins of the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia, S.R.I.A. seem to be resolved in a paper given at the General Assembly of the S.R.I.S. at Perth, 3 May 1947 and thereafter at the Metropolitan Study Group, Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia, S.R. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fraternitas Rosae Crucis
Fraternitas Rosae Crucis (Fraternity of the Rosy Cross or FRC) is a Rosicrucian fraternal organization established in the United States by Paschal Beverly Randolph in 1856,Greer, page 194 and is the oldest Rosicrucian Order founded in the US.Lewis, page 92 They also operate Beverly Hall Corporation and the Clymer Health Center in Quakertown, Pennsylvania. History The FRC's first lodge was established in San Francisco in 1861, and closed soon after. In 1871 they established another lodge in Boston and in 1874, reestablished in San Francisco. In 1875 they finally settled in Philadelphia. While Reuben Swinburne Clymer headed the order, the FRC established itself at Beverly Hall, in Quakertown, Pa. Supreme Grand Masters * Paschal Beverly Randolph (1858–1875) * Freeman Benjamin Dowd (1875–1907) * Edward Holmes Brown (1907–1922) * Reuben Swinburne Clymer (1922–1966) * Emerson Myron Clymer (1966–1983) * Gerald Eugene Poesnecker (1983–2003) * William Glen KrachtWilliam Glen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paschal Beverly Randolph
Paschal Beverly Randolph (October 8, 1825 – July 29, 1875) was an American medical doctor, occultist, spiritualist, trance medium, and writer. He is notable as perhaps the first person to introduce the principles of erotic alchemy to North America, and, according to A. E. Waite, establishing the earliest known Rosicrucian order in the United States. Early life Born in New York City, Randolph grew up in New York City and was baptized at the Church of the Transfiguration, Episcopal (Manhattan). He was a free black man, a descendant of William Randolph. His father was a nephew of John Randolph of Roanoke and his mother was Flora Beverly, whom he later described as being of mixed English, French, German, Native American and African ancestry. His mother died when he was young, leaving him homeless and penniless; he ran away to sea in order to support himself. From his adolescence through to the age of twenty, he worked as a sailor. As a teen and young man, Randolph traveled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosicrucianism
Rosicrucianism is a spiritual and cultural movement that arose in Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts purported to announce the existence of a hitherto unknown esoteric order to the world and made seeking its knowledge attractive to many. Yates, Frances A. (1972), ''The Rosicrucian Enlightenment'', London The mysterious doctrine of the order is "built on esoteric truths of the ancient past", which "concealed from the average man, provide insight into nature, the physical universe, and the spiritual realm." The manifestos do not elaborate extensively on the matter, but clearly combine references to Kabbalah, Hermeticism, alchemy, and Christian mysticism. The Rosicrucian manifestos heralded a "universal reformation of mankind", through a science allegedly kept secret for decades until the intellectual climate might receive it. Controversies arose on whether they were a hoax, whether the "Order of the Rosy Cross" existed as described in the manif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliphas Levi
Eliphaz is one of Esau's sons in the Bible. Eliphaz or Eliphas is also the given name of: * Eliphaz (Job), another person in the Bible * Eliphaz Dow (1705-1755), the first male executed in New Hampshire, for murder * Eliphaz Fay (1797–1854), fourth president of Waterville College (now called Colby College) * Eliphas Levi Eliphaz is one of Esau's sons in the Bible. Eliphaz or Eliphas is also the given name of: * Eliphaz (Job), another person in the Bible * Eliphaz Dow (1705-1755), the first male executed in New Hampshire, for murder * Eliphaz Fay (1797–1854), fo ... (1810-1875), French occultist born Alphonse Louis Constant * Eliphas Shivute (born 1974), Namibian retired footballer See also * Elifaz, Israel, a kibbutz * Eliphas Buffett House, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, on the National Register of Historic Places {{given name Masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
