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Kałłaur Family
The Kałłа́ur family ( pl, Kałłaur; be, Калавур, Kalavur; russian: Каллаур) was a szlachta family originating from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. History The Grand Duke Vitaūt founded the Kałavur fortress to protect the southern border of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in XIV c. The fortress was not preserved. However, the forest near Rașcov, where the citadel was located, still bears the name of Kałaur. Most likely, the surname originates from there. The earliest written mention was dedicated to Pinsk boyar Chviedzka Lienkavič Kałaur. He concluded a land-sale contract with a royal servant, Ždan Kyhir, in 1521. The members of the family took part in the Army census of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1528-1567, which underlined their status. Chviedzka Lienkavič participated in the 1528 census as a mounted knight. Four members were numbered among the cavalry within the 1567 census: an officer of the court in Pinsk, Pronko, Radko Siamionavič, «the son of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostoja Herb
Ostoja ( sr-cyr, Остоја) may refer to: * Ostoja, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in Poland * Ostoja, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, a village in Poland * Clan of Ostoja, a late medieval European clan * Ostoja coat of arms * Ostoja, masculine given name ** Ostoja Rajaković, Serbian medieval nobleman ** Ostoja Stjepanović, Macedonian footballer ** Stephen Ostoja of Bosnia, Bosnian king See also * *Ostojić Ostojić or Ostoić ( sr-Cyrl, Остојић / Остоић) is a South Slavic surname derived from a masculine given name Ostoja. It may refer to: * Arsen Anton Ostojić (born 1965), Croatian film director * Bojan Ostojić (born 1984), Serbian f ... {{disambig, geo, given name Slavic masculine given names Serbian masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uyezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR, which was in use from the 13th century. For most of Russian history, uezds were a second-level administrative division. By sense, but not by etymology, ''uezd'' approximately corresponds to the English "county". General description Originally describing groups of several volosts, they formed around the most important cities. Uezds were ruled by the appointees ('' namestniki'') of a knyaz and, starting from the 17th century, by voyevodas. In 1708, an administrative reform was carried out by Peter the Great, dividing Russia into governorates. The subdivision into uyezds was abolished at that time but was reinstated in 1727, as a result of Catherine I's administrative reform. By the Soviet administrative reform of 1923 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavel Kallaur
Pavel Uladzimiravich Kalaur ( be, Павел Уладзіміравіч Калаур), or Pavel Vladimirovich Kallaur (russian: Павел Владимирович Каллаур; born 1962, Stolin District, Brest Region, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR) is a Belarusian economist and banker, and the current chairman of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus since December 2014. Graduated from Pinsk Tekhnikum of Accounting and Credit (today Palessie State University) and V. V. Kuybyshev Belarusian State Institute of National Economy in Minsk (today Belarusian State Economic University). He worked in ''Gosbank'' (State Bank of the USSR) and was gradually promoted to the position of head of its branch in Valozhyn. Since 1988 headed Valozhyn branch of Agroprombank (Agricultural and Industrial Bank of the USSR), after the dissolution of the Soviet Union —of the bank's successor, Belagroprombank (Belarusian Agricultural and Industrial Bank). During 1993- 2010 he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taraz
Taraz ( kz, Тараз, تاراز, translit=Taraz ; known to Europeans as Talas) is a city and the administrative center of Jambyl Region in Kazakhstan, located on the Talas (river), Talas (Taraz) River in the south of the country near the border with Kyrgyzstan. It had a population of 330,100 as of the 1999 census, up 9% from 1989, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, after Astana and Turkistan (city), Turkistan. One of the oldest cities in Kazakhstan and in Transoxania, built and populated by the ancient Sogdians, Taraz celebrated its official 2,000th anniversary (recognized by UNESCO) in 2001, dating from a fortress built in the area by a Xiongnu Chanyu named Zhizhi, and was a site of the Battle of Zhizhi in 36 BCE. The city was first recorded under the name "Talas" in 568 CE by Menander Protector. The medieval city of Talas was a major trade centre along the Silk Road. Talas was later described by Buddhist monk and traveller Xuanzang, who passed Talas i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR, or Byelorussian SSR; be, Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка, Bielaruskaja Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika; russian: Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Byelorusskaya Sovyetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika or russian: links=no, Белорусская ССР, Belorusskaya SSR), also commonly referred to in English as Byelorussia, was a republic of the Soviet Union (USSR). It existed between 1920 and 1922, and from 1922 to 1991 as one of fifteen constituent republics of the USSR, with its own legislation from 1990 to 1991. The republic was ruled by the Communist Party of Byelorussia and was also referred to as Soviet Byelorussia or Soviet Belarus by a number of historians. Other names for Byelorussia included White Russian Soviet Socialist Republic and Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. To the wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinsk Region
Pinsk Region (Pinsk Voblast, be, Пінская вобласць, russian: Пинская Область) was a territorial unit in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic created after the annexation of West Belarus into the BSSR in November 1939. The administrative centre of the province was the city of Pinsk, the oblast was founded on 4 December 1939 with 16.3 thousand square km and 533.6 thousand people. The Voblast consisted of 11 raions: * Hantsavitski *Davyd-Haradotski * Drahichynski *Zhabchytski * Ivanauski *Lahishynski *Lyeninski * Luninyetski *Pinski * Stolinski *Cyelyekhanski With four cities: Pinsk, Davyd-Haradok, Luninyets and Stolin On January 8, 1954, due to the administrative reform of the BSSR the Oblast was completely incorporated into the modern Brest Voblast Brest Region or Brest Oblast or Brest Voblasts ( be, Брэ́сцкая во́бласць ''(Bresckaja vobłasć)''; russian: Бре́стская о́бласть (''Brestskaya Oblast)'') is one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Repression
Political repression is the act of a state entity controlling a citizenry by force for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing the citizenry's ability to take part in the political life of a society, thereby reducing their standing among their fellow citizens. It is often manifested through policies such as human rights violations, surveillance abuse, police brutality, imprisonment, involuntary settlement, stripping of citizen's rights, lustration, and violent action or terror such as the murder, summary executions, torture, forced disappearance, and other extrajudicial punishment of political activists, dissidents, or general population. Political repression can also be reinforced by means outside of written policy, such as by public and private media ownership and by self-censorship within the public. Where political repression is sanctioned and organised by the state, it may constitute state terrorism, genocide, politicide or cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January Uprising
The January Uprising ( pl, powstanie styczniowe; lt, 1863 metų sukilimas; ua, Січневе повстання; russian: Польское восстание; ) was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at the restoration of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last insurgents were captured by the Russian forces in 1864. It was the longest-lasting insurgency in partitioned Poland. The conflict engaged all levels of society and arguably had profound repercussions on contemporary international relations and ultimately provoked a social and ideological paradigm shift in national events that went on to have a decisive influence on the subsequent development of Polish society. A confluence of factors rendered the uprising inevitable in early 1863. The Polish nobility and urban bourgeois circles longed for the semi-autonomous status they had enjoyed in Congress Poland before the previous insur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cavalry
Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from "cheval" meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback. Cavalry were the most mobile of the combat arms, operating as light cavalry in the roles of reconnaissance, screening, and skirmishing in many armies, or as heavy cavalry for decisive shock attacks in other armies. An individual soldier in the cavalry is known by a number of designations depending on era and tactics, such as cavalryman, horseman, trooper, cataphract, knight, hussar, uhlan, mamluk, cuirassier, lancer, dragoon, or horse archer. The designation of ''cavalry'' was not usually given to any military forces that used other animals for mounts, such as camels or elephants. Infantry who moved on horseback, but dismounted to fight on foot, were known in the early 17th to the early 18th century as '' dragoons'', a class of mounted infantry which in most armies later evolved into standard cavalry while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostoja Coat Of Arms
Ostoja ( sr-cyr, Остоја) may refer to: * Ostoja, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in Poland * Ostoja, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, a village in Poland * Clan of Ostoja, a late medieval European clan * Ostoja coat of arms * Ostoja, masculine given name ** Ostoja Rajaković, Serbian medieval nobleman ** Ostoja Stjepanović, Macedonian footballer ** Stephen Ostoja of Bosnia Stephen OstojaHis name in Bosnian is rendered Stjepan Ostoja (), while in Croatian it's Stjepan Ostoja. In Serbian, he is called Stefan Ostoja (). ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Stjepan Ostoja, Стјепан Остоја; died September 1418 ..., Bosnian king See also * * Ostojić {{disambig, geo, given name Slavic masculine given names Serbian masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and Moldavia, and later Romania, Lithuanian nobility, Lithuania and among Baltic German nobility, Baltic Germans. Boyars were second only to the ruling knyaz, princes (in Bulgaria, tsars) from the 10th century to the 17th century. The rank has lived on as a surname in Russia, Finland, Lithuania and Latvia where it is spelled ''Pajari'' or ''Bajārs/-e''. Etymology Also known as bolyar; variants in other languages include bg, боляр or ; rus, боя́рин, r=boyarin, p=bɐˈjærʲɪn; ; ro, boier, ; and el, βογιάρος. The title Boila is predecessor or old form of the title Bolyar (the Bulgarian language, Bulgarian word for Boyar). Boila was a title worn by some of the Bulgars, Bulgar aristocrats (mostly of regional governors a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rașcov
Rașcov (Romanian; alternative names ''Râșcov, Rașcu''; in uk, Рашків, ''Rashkiv'', russian: Рашково, ''Rashkovo'', Polish ''Raszków'') is one of the oldest communes of Transnistria. It is located in the northern part, between Rîbnița and Camenca. It is composed of two villages, Iantarnoe (Янтарне, Янтарное) and Rașcov. History Rașcov village was founded in 1402 as a trading post on the Dniester river. Some maintain that the name derives from the Romanian term for ''Lactarius deliciosus'', a variety of mushroom. However, there are a number of settlements across Poland and Ukraine with the same name, casting doubt on this claim. Rashkov ( bg, Рашков) is also a Bulgarian male surname. One of the oldest villages of Transnistria, it is known for having been home in the past to a significant Polish population. From the 15th century, all of northern Transnistria was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and later to the Polish Crown in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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