The Kałłа́ur family ( pl, Kałłaur; be, Калавур, Kalavur; russian: Каллаур) was a
szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (Polish: endonym, Lithuanian: šlėkta) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth who, as a class, had the dominating position in the ...
family originating from the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Li ...
.
History
The Grand Duke
Vitaūt founded the Kałavur fortress to protect the southern border of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Li ...
in XIV c. The fortress was not preserved. However, the forest near
Rașcov
Rașcov (Romanian; alternative names ''Râșcov, Rașcu''; in uk, Рашків, ''Rashkiv'', russian: Рашково, ''Rashkovo'', Polish ''Raszków'') is one of the oldest communes of Transnistria. It is located in the northern part, between ...
, where the citadel was located, still bears the name of Kałaur. Most likely, the surname originates from there.
The earliest written mention was dedicated to
Pinsk boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and ...
Chviedzka Lienkavič Kałaur. He concluded a land-sale contract with a royal servant, Ždan Kyhir, in 1521. The members of the family took part in the Army census of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Li ...
in 1528-1567, which underlined their status. Chviedzka Lienkavič participated in the 1528 census as a mounted knight. Four members were numbered among the
cavalry
Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from "cheval" meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback. Cavalry were the most mobile of the combat arms, operating as light cavalry ...
within the 1567 census: an officer of the court in
Pinsk, Pronko, Radko Siamionavič, «the son of Chviedzka» and Ivan.
The village Kałaur (modern Kałłaurowicze), where the local branch of the household settled, was mentioned for the first time in 1567. The family played an important role in the region. For instance, Piotr Kałłaur was elected as a representative of the nobility of the
uyezd of
Pinsk in 1853. The members of the family supported the
January Uprising
The January Uprising ( pl, powstanie styczniowe; lt, 1863 metų sukilimas; ua, Січневе повстання; russian: Польское восстание; ) was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at ...
in 1863–1864. The monument in honor of the rebels Vasil, Siamion Kałłaur and Anton Šałamicky was opened near
Pinsk in 1933.
Some members of the family were subjected to
repression in the 1940-1950s. According to the open lists, 7 people were persecuted in the
Pinsk Region
Pinsk Region (Pinsk Voblast, be, Пінская вобласць, russian: Пинская Область) was a territorial unit in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic created after the annexation of West Belarus into the BSSR in November ...
of the
Belarusian SSR
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR, or Byelorussian SSR; be, Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка, Bielaruskaja Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika; russian: Белор ...
.
Notable people with surname Kałłaur
* Chviedzka Lienkavič Kałaur, XV c.—after 1567,
boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and ...
,
Pinsk landowner, official and military.
* , 1838–1919, chief of
Aulie-Ata
Taraz ( kz, Тараз, تاراز, translit=Taraz ; known to Europeans as Talas) is a city and the administrative center of Jambyl Region in Kazakhstan, located on the Talas (Taraz) River in the south of the country near the border with Kyrgyz ...
uyezd, archaeologist and orientalist.
[Лунин, Б. В. Из истории русского востоковедения и археологии в Туркестане. Туркестанский кружок любителей археологии (1895–1917 гг.). — Ташкент, 1958. — 318 с.]
*, 1920-2017, Polish military person, diplomat and essayist.
*
Pavel Kallaur, b. 1962, Belarusian economist and head of the National Bank of Belarus.
References
{{reflist
External links
Szlachta of Pinsk on the web-site «History of Pinsk»
Belarusian nobility
Lithuanian noble families