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KataGo
KataGo is a free and open-source computer Go program, capable of defeating top-level human players. First released on 27 February 2019, it is developed by David Wu. Based on techniques used by DeepMind's AlphaGo Zero, KataGo implements Monte Carlo tree search with a convolutional neural network providing position evaluation and policy guidance. Compared to AlphaGo, KataGo introduces many refinements that enable it to learn faster and play more strongly. Notable features of KataGo that are absent in many other Go-playing programs include score estimation; support for small boards, arbitrary values of komi, and handicaps; and the ability to use various Go rulesets and adjust its play and evaluation for the small differences between them. KataGo's first release was trained by David Wu using resources provided by his employer Jane Street Capital, but it is now trained by a distributed effort. Members of the computer Go community provide computing resources by running the client, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Go Software
There is an abundance of go software available to support players of the game of Go. This includes software programs that play Go themselves, programs that can be used to view and/or edit game records and diagrams, programs that allow the user to search for patterns in the games of strong players and programs that allow users to play against each other over the Internet. Go playing programs With the advent of AlphaGo in 2016, computer programs can beat top professional players on the standard 19x19 board. A more in depth look into Go playing programs and the research behind them can be found in the article on computer Go. Recording There are several file formats used to store game records, the most popular of which is the Smart Game Format (SGF). Programs used for editing game records allow the user to record not just the moves, but also variations, commentary and further information on the game. Databases Electronic databases can be used to study life and death situati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handicapping In Go
Within most systems and at most levels in the game of Go, a handicap is given to offset the strength difference between players of different ranks. Forms of handicaps In the game of Go, a handicap is given by means of stones and compensation points. In contrast to an even game, in which Black plays first, White plays the first move in a game with handicap (after Black's handicap stones have been placed). Handicap stones The rank difference within a given amateur ranking system is one guide to how many handicap stones should be given to make the game a more equal contest. As a general rule, each rank represents the value of one stone. (In terms of points, one stone is considered to be 13-16 points, but this figure is not constant over levels: the more skillful a player, the greater the usefulness of each stone.) For example, a 3 ''kyu'' player gives a 7 ''kyu'' player four handicap stones to allow for an interesting game with roughly equal challenge for both players. If tradit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Go Engines
Go, GO, G.O., or Go! may refer to: Arts and entertainment Games and sport * Go (game), a board game for two players * '' Travel Go'' (formerly ''Go – The International Travel Game''), a game based on world travel * Go, the starting position located at the corner of the board in the board game ''Monopoly'' * ''Go'', a 1992 game for the Philips CD-i video game system * ''Go'', a large straw battering ram used in the Korean sport of Gossaum * Go!, a label under which U.S. Gold published ZX Spectrum games * Go route, a pattern run in American football * ''Go'' series, a turn-based, puzzle video game series by Square Enix, based on various Square Enix franchises * '' Counter-Strike: Global Offensive'' (''CS:GO''), a first-person shooter developed by Valve * ''Pokémon Go'', an augmented reality game Film * ''Go'' (1999 film), American film * ''Go'' (2001 film), a Japanese film * ''Go'' (2007 film), a Bollywood film * ''Go Karts'' (film), an Australian film also titled as ''Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensei's Library
Sensei's Library (commonly referred to as SL among Go-players) is an Internet website and wiki A wiki ( ) is an online hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience, using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project, and could be either open to the pu ..., dedicated to articles about, and discussion of, the game of Go. It was started in September 2000, by the Go players Morten Pahle and Arno Hollosi. Hollosi is also known for designing version 4 of Anders Kierulf's popular SGF file format and for his work with the Austrian Citizen Card project. Sensei's Library is used for a number of purposes, and contains over 20,000 pages on a wide range of topics, such as the culture and history of Go, Go theory, strategy, and community information. It is highly regarded in the Go community. One reviewer noted that as "a collaborative resource written by contributors, Sensei's Library may be the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adversarial Machine Learning
Adversarial machine learning is the study of the attacks on machine learning algorithms, and of the defenses against such attacks. A recent survey exposes the fact that practitioners report a dire need for better protecting machine learning systems in industrial applications. To understand, note that most machine learning techniques are mostly designed to work on specific problem sets, under the assumption that the training and test data are generated from the same statistical distribution (IID). However, this assumption is often dangerously violated in practical high-stake applications, where users may intentionally supply fabricated data that violates the statistical assumption. Some of the most common threat models in adversarial machine learning include evasion attacks, data poisoning attacks, Byzantine attacks and model extraction. History In 2004, Nilesh Dalvi and others noted that linear classifiers used in spam filters could be defeated by simple " evasion attacks" as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Go Text Protocol
The Go Text Protocol (GTP) is a protocol used by several Go engines and Go servers for playing the board game Go on the computer. GTP version 1 has been implemented in GNU Go 3.0.0 but the protocol lacks a proper specification. The currently used version is GTP 2 which exists as a draft specification and has not been finalized. See also * Computer Go * Go software * Internet Go servers An Internet Go server is a server that allows players of the game of Go to play against opponents online. The two fundamental types of Go server are ''real-time'' servers and ''turn-based'' servers. History The first Go server that started o ... External links * GTP implementation in Ruby Go (game) software {{Compu-network-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jane Street Capital
Jane Street Capital, typically referred to as Jane Street, is a global proprietary trading firm. Today, Jane Street Capital employs more than 2,000 people in five offices around the world, located in New York, London, Hong Kong, Amsterdam, Singapore. The firm trades a broad range of asset classes on more than 200 venues in 45 countries. The company is one of the world’s largest market-makers, trading more than $17 trillion worth of securities in 2020. It was considered to have helped keep bond exchange-traded funds (ETFs) liquid during the market turmoil in 2020. Founding Jane Street was co-founded by Tim Reynolds, Rob Granieri, Marc Gerstein, and Michael Jenkins. Jane Street's website says the firm was founded in 2000. However, Reynolds reports it to have been founded in 1999, although the date varies between sources. According to New York state records, Jane Street Group, LLC was registered with the Division of Corporations in May of 2005 as a foreign corporation with a fore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rules Of Go
The rules of Go have seen some variation over time and from place to place. This article discusses those sets of rules broadly similar to the ones currently in use in East Asia. Even among these, there is a degree of variation. Notably, Chinese and Japanese rules differ in a number of aspects. The most significant of these are the scoring method, together with attendant differences in the manner of ending the game. While differences between sets of rules may have moderate strategic consequences on occasion, they do not change the character of the game. The different sets of rules usually lead to the same game result, so long as the players make minor adjustments near the end of the game. Differences in the rules are said to cause problems in perhaps one in every 10,000 games in competition. This article first presents a simple set of rules which are, except for wording, identical to those usually referred to as the Tromp–Taylor Rules, themselves close in most essential respect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Komi (go)
in the game of Go are points added to the score of the player with the white stones as compensation for playing second. The value of Black's first-move advantage is generally considered to be between 5 and 7 points by the end of the game. Standard is 6.5 points under the Japanese and Korean rules; under Chinese, Ing and AGA rules standard is 7.5 points; under New Zealand rules standard is 7 points. typically applies only to games where both players are evenly ranked. In the case of a one-rank difference, the stronger player will typically play with the white stones and players often agree on a simple 0.5-point to break a tie ( ) in favour of white, or no at all. is the more complete Japanese language term. The Chinese term is tiē mù () and the Korean term is deom (). Efforts have been made to determine the value of for boards much smaller than the standard 19x19 grid for go, such as 7x7. When introducing Environmental Go, Elwyn Berlekamp made a broad generalisation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIT License
The MIT License is a permissive free software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the late 1980s. As a permissive license, it puts only very limited restriction on reuse and has, therefore, high license compatibility. Unlike copyleft software licenses, the MIT License also permits reuse within proprietary software, provided that all copies of the software or its substantial portions include a copy of the terms of the MIT License and also a copyright notice. , the MIT License was the most popular software license found in one analysis, continuing from reports in 2015 that the MIT License was the most popular software license on GitHub. Notable projects that use the MIT License include the X Window System, Ruby on Rails, Nim, Node.js, Lua, and jQuery. Notable companies using the MIT License include Microsoft ( .NET), Google ( Angular), and Meta (React). License terms The MIT License has the identifier MIT in the SPDX License List. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GitHub
GitHub, Inc. () is an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git. It provides the distributed version control of Git plus access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, continuous integration, and wikis for every project. Headquartered in California, it has been a subsidiary of Microsoft since 2018. It is commonly used to host open source software development projects. As of June 2022, GitHub reported having over 83 million developers and more than 200 million repositories, including at least 28 million public repositories. It is the largest source code host . History GitHub.com Development of the GitHub.com platform began on October 19, 2007. The site was launched in April 2008 by Tom Preston-Werner, Chris Wanstrath, P. J. Hyett and Scott Chacon after it had been made available for a few months prior as a beta release. GitHub has an annual keynote called GitHub Universe. Organizational ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convolutional Neural Network
In deep learning, a convolutional neural network (CNN, or ConvNet) is a class of artificial neural network (ANN), most commonly applied to analyze visual imagery. CNNs are also known as Shift Invariant or Space Invariant Artificial Neural Networks (SIANN), based on the shared-weight architecture of the convolution kernels or filters that slide along input features and provide translation-equivariant responses known as feature maps. Counter-intuitively, most convolutional neural networks are not invariant to translation, due to the downsampling operation they apply to the input. They have applications in image and video recognition, recommender systems, image classification, image segmentation, medical image analysis, natural language processing, brain–computer interfaces, and financial time series. CNNs are regularized versions of multilayer perceptrons. Multilayer perceptrons usually mean fully connected networks, that is, each neuron in one layer is connected to all neuro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
