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Karplus
Karplus is a surname for a family that has been traced back to the Jewish cemetery in the village of Osoblaha (formerly Hotzenplotz) in the Czech Republic near the border with Poland. All people with the surname "Karplus" appear to be descendants of Alexander Karplus, who died in June 1797 and was the first to carry the family name "Karplus". The name was created in response to the 1787 requirement of the Austrian Empire that all Jewish families have surnames. No one knows what the name means (if anything). Notable people with the surname include: * Arnold Karplus (1877–1968), Czech-Austrian architect *Kevin Karplus (born 1954), American academic ** Karplus-Strong string synthesis * Martin Karplus (born 1930), American theoretical chemist and 2013 Nobel Laureate (Chemistry) **Karplus equation *Robert Karplus Robert Karplus (February 23, 1927 – March 20, 1990) was a theoretical physicist and leader in the field of science education. Early life Robert Karplus was born in Vienna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Karplus
Martin Karplus (born March 15, 1930) is an Austrian and American theoretical chemist. He is the Director of the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, a joint laboratory between the French National Center for Scientific Research and the University of Strasbourg, France. He is also the Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, emeritus at Harvard University. Karplus received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel, for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems". Early life Martin Karplus was born in Vienna, Austria. He was a child when his family fled from the Nazi-occupation in Austria a few days after the Anschluss in March 1938, spending several months in Zürich, Switzerland and La Baule, France before immigrating to the United States. Prior to their immigration to the United States, the family was known for being "an intellectual and successful secular Jewish family" in Vienna. His grandfather, Johann Pau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Karplus
Arnold Karplus (June 24, 1877 – October 17, 1943) was a Jewish-Austrian architect and the father of Ruth Rogers-Altmann. Life Arnold Karplus was born in Vítkov (Opava District), Austrian Silesia, Austria-Hungary. He attended school in Opava, studied architecture at the Vienna University of Technology and Czech Technical University in Prague in 1903, and received his doctorate of engineering. Karplus lived in Vienna from 1904, initially as an employee in the studio of architect Alexander Wielemans. He participated in several competitions and was active primarily in residential construction. In 1911 Karplus was sworn in as Imperial Royal court expert and appraiser and became construction director of a building construction company in Vienna, a position he held until the liquidation of the company in 1927. In the First World War Karplus was first commissioned as a lieutenant and then as a captain, involved in the establishment of military utility buildings. In 1927, Arnold Karplus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karplus Equation
The Karplus equation, named after Martin Karplus, describes the correlation between 3J-coupling constants and dihedral torsion angles in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: :J(\phi) = A \cos^2 \phi + B \cos\,\phi + C where ''J'' is the 3''J'' coupling constant, \phi is the dihedral angle, and ''A'', ''B'', and ''C'' are empirically derived parameters whose values depend on the atoms and substituents involved. The relationship may be expressed in a variety of equivalent ways e.g. involving cos2 φ rather than cos 2φ —these lead to different numerical values of ''A'', ''B'', and ''C'' but do not change the nature of the relationship. The relationship is used for 3''J''H,H coupling constants. The superscript "3" indicates that a 1H atom is coupled to another 1H atom three bonds away, via H-C-C-H bonds. (Such hydrogens bonded to neighbouring carbon atoms are termed vicinal). The magnitude of these couplings are generally smallest when the torsion angle is close t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kevin Karplus
Kevin Karplus is a professor emeritus at University of California, Santa Cruz, currently in the Biomolecular Engineering Department. He is probably best known for work he did as a computer science graduate student at Stanford University on the Karplus-Strong string synthesis algorithm. He taught VLSI design and computer engineering for several years, helping create the Computer Engineering Department at University of California, Santa Cruz. He made some contributions to VLSI CAD, particularly to logic minimization, where he invented the if-then-else DAG (a generalization of the binary decision diagram) and a canonical form for it, before switching to protein structure prediction and bioinformatics in 1995. He has participated in CASP (Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction) since CASP2 in 1996, and has been invited to present papers at CASP2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. He served on thBoard of Directorsfor the International Society for Computational Biolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Surname
Jewish surnames are family names used by Jews and those of Jewish origin. Jewish surnames are thought to be of comparatively recent origin; the first known Jewish family names date to the Middle Ages, in the 10th and 11th centuries CE. Jews have some of the largest varieties of surnames among any ethnic group, owing to the geographically diverse Jewish diaspora, as well as cultural assimilation and the recent trend toward Hebraization of surnames. Some traditional surnames relate to Jewish history or roles within the religion, such as Cohen ("priest"), Levi, Shulman ("synagogue-man"), Sofer ("scribe"), or Kantor ("cantor"), while many others relate to a secular occupation or place names. The majority of Jewish surnames used today developed in the past three hundred years. History Historically, Jews used Hebrew patronymic names. In the Jewish patronymic system the first name is followed by either ''ben-'' or ''bat-'' ("son of" and "daughter of," respectively), and then the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
