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Kaingang Language
The Kaingang language (also spelled Kaingáng) is a Southern Jê language ( Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Kaingang people of southern Brazil. The Kaingang nation has about 30,000 people, and about from 60% to 65% speak the language. Most also speak Portuguese. Overview The Kaingang language is a member of the Jê family, the largest language family in the Macro-Jê stock. The Kaingang territory occupies the modern states of São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (and, until the beginning of the 20th century, Misiones, Argentina). Today they live in around 30 indigenous lands (similar to Native American reservations), especially at Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. In the 1960s, because of a missionary interest (conducted by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL)), the language was studied by Ursula Wiesemann. Names The Kaingang and Xokleng were previously considered a single ethnicity, which went by a number of names, including ''Amhó, Dorin, Gualachi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is BrasÃlia, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivaà River
The Ivaà River (Portuguese, Rio IvaÃ) is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Paraná River. Its official spelling is IvaÃ, with variants including Ivahy and Ival. The river basin is ecologically very degraded, with fragile and vulnerable soil. It contains the Perobas Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit created in 2006. See also *List of rivers of Paraná * Tributaries of the RÃo de la Plata A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage ... References Brazilian Ministry of Transport Rivers of Paraná (state) Tributaries of the Paraná River {{ParanáBR-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Alden Mason
John Alden Mason (January 14, 1885 – November 7, 1967) was an American archaeological anthropologist and linguist. Mason was born in Orland, Indiana, but grew up in Philadelphia's Germantown. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1907 and a doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley in 1911. His dissertation was an ethnographic study of the Salinan Amerindian ethnic group of California. He also authored a number of linguistic studies, including a study of Piman languages. His later ethnographic works included studies of the Tepehuan. The first series of Juan Bobo stories published in the U.S. occurred in 1921. They appeared in the ''Journal of American Folklore'' under the title ''Porto Rican Folklore'', and were collected by Mason from Puerto Rican school children. The story collection consisted of 56 "Picaresque Tales" about Juan Bobo, and included such exotic titles as ''Juan Bobo Heats up his Grandmother'', ''Juan Bobo D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blumenau
Blumenau is a city in Vale do ItajaÃ, state of Santa Catarina (Brazil), Santa Catarina, in the South Region, Brazil, South Region of Brazil. It is away from the state capital of Florianópolis. The city was founded by the German chemist and pharmacist Hermann Blumenau, Hermann Bruno Otto Blumenau (1819–1899), who arrived on a boat via ItajaÃ-Açu River accompanied by seventeen other Germans. It has a cultural agenda focused on parties based on the daily life and habits of European immigrants, with emphasis on German heritage, including the second largest Oktoberfest in the world, which takes place during 17 days in October. History The city was founded September 2, 1850, by Hermann Blumenau, Hermann Bruno Otto Blumenau and seventeen other German Brazilian, German immigrants. Later arrivals include biologist and early proponent of Darwinian Evolution, Fritz Müller. The history of Blumenau is the result of the arrival of German immigrants who settled these fertile are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ItajaÃ
Itajaà () is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. It is located on the northern central coast of Santa Catarina and is part of the Vale do Itajaà Mesoregion, on the right bank of the ItajaÃ-Açu river mouth. It lies at the mouth of the Itajaà River, at 20 feet (6 metres) above sea level. The city has the 2nd largest gross domestic product and the highest per capita income in the State of Santa Catarina. History The city was founded on June 15, 1860, but the colonization of Itajaà had started in 1658 when the Paulista João Dias D’Arzão arrived in the region. In 1750, Portuguese colonists coming from Madeira and the Azores made this region their home. By 1823 it became a prominent region for Portuguese settlers and, at the end of the 19th century, received a great number of German immigrants. Itajaà and most of Santa Catarina State area is prone to torrential storms specially during the Spring season. Floods are frequent and even tornadoes can form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Catarina State
Santa Catarina (, ) is a state in the South Region of Brazil. It is the 7th smallest state in total area and the 11th most populous. Additionally, it is the 9th largest settlement, with 295 municipalities. The state, with 3.4% of the Brazilian population, generates 3.8% of the national GDP. Santa Catarina is bordered by Paraná to the north, Rio Grande do Sul to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Argentine province of Misiones to the west. The coastline is over 450 km, i.e., about half of Portugal's mainland coast. The seat of the state executive, legislative and judiciary powers is the capital Florianópolis. Joinville, however, is the most populous city in the state. Besides EspÃrito Santo, Santa Catarina is the only state whose capital is not the most populous city. South of the Tropic of Capricorn, situated in the planet's southern temperate zone, the state has a humid subtropical climate (''Cfa'') in the east and west and an oceanic climate (''Cfb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xokleng Language
Xokleng or Laklãnõ is a Southern Jê language ( Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Xokleng people of Brazil. It is closely related to Kaingang The Kaingang (also spelled ''caingangue'' in Portuguese (language), Portuguese or ''kanhgág'' in the Kaingang language) people are an Indigenous peoples in Brazil, Indigenous Brazilian ethnic group spread out over the three southern Brazilian s .... Names Alternate names are ''Socré, Chocré, Xocren, Bugre, Botocudo, Aweicoma, Cauuba, Caahans, Caagua, Caaigua''. References External links Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America Jê languages Languages of Brazil {{Macro-Jê-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piquiri River (Paraná)
The Piquiri River ( pt, Rio Piquiri) is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Paraná River. Its name is officially spelled Piquiri, with variants including PeguirÃ, Pequir, PequirÃ, Pequiry, and Piquiry. See also * List of rivers of Paraná * Tributaries of the RÃo de la Plata A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage ... References Rivers of Paraná (state) Tributaries of the Paraná River {{ParanáBR-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Francisco River
The São Francisco River (, ) is a large river in Brazil. With a length of , it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon, the Paraná and the Madeira). It used to be known as the by the indigenous people before colonisation, and is today also known as . The São Francisco originates in the Canastra mountain range in the central-western part of the state of Minas Gerais. It runs generally north in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, behind the coastal range, draining an area of over , before turning east to form the border between Bahia on the right bank and the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas on the left one. After that, it forms the boundary between the states of Alagoas and Sergipe and washes into the Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the five states which the São Francisco directly traverses or borders, its drainage basin also includes tributaries from the state of Goià ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mato Grosso State
Mato Grosso ( – lit. "Thick Bush") is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest by area, located in the Central-West region. The state has 1.66% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 1.9% of the Brazilian GDP. Neighboring states (from west clockwise) are: Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. The state is roughly 82.2% of the size of its southwest neighbor, the nation of Bolivia. A state with a flat landscape that alternates between vast ''chapadas'' and plain areas, Mato Grosso contains three main ecosystems: the Cerrado, the Pantanal and the Amazon rainforest. The Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, with caves, grottoes, tracks, and waterfalls, is one of its tourist attractions. The extreme northwest of the state has a small part of the Amazonian forest. The Xingu Indigenous Park and the Araguaia River are in Mato Grosso. Farther south, the Pantanal, the world's largest wetland, is the habitat for nearly one thous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uruguay River
The Uruguay River ( es, RÃo Uruguay, ; pt, Rio Uruguai, ) is a major river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of La Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre RÃos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, RÃo Negro, Soriano, and Colonia in Uruguay. Course The river measures about in length and starts in the Serra do Mar in Brazil, where the Canoas River and the Pelotas River are joined, at about above mean sea level. In this stage the river goes through uneven, broken terrain, forming rapids and falls. Its course through Rio Grande do Sul is not navigable An unusual feature of the Uruguay River is a submerged canyon. This canyon fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paranapanema River
The Paranapanema River (Portuguese, ''Rio Paranapanema'') is one of the most important rivers of the interior of the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The river forms most of the boundary between the states of São Paulo and Paraná. Course From source to mouth the Paranapanema River has an elevation drop of . The river's length is about . It flows generally west, reaching the Paraná River at an altitude of about .Calculated witGeoLocator/ref> The sources of the river are protected by the Nascentes do Paranapanema State Park, created in 2012. The sources are situated in the Serra Agudos Grandes, in south-central São Paulo, approximately from the Atlantic coast. From the sources to the mouth of the Itararé River, the Paranapaneba flows within the territory of São Paulo state. Below the Itararé the Paranapanema forms the border between the states of Paraná and São Paulo. The river is associated with a date according to State Law 10.488/99 ( Antônio Salim Curiati), sanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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