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Kaempferia Galanga
''Kaempferia galanga'', commonly known as kencur, aromatic ginger, sand ginger, cutcherry, is a monocotyledonous plant in the ginger family, and one of four plants called galangal. It is found primarily in open areas in Indonesia, southern China, Taiwan, Cambodia, and India, but is also widely cultivated throughout Southeast Asia. Culinary and medical use ''Kaempferia galanga'' is used as a spice in cooking in Indonesia, where it is called ''kencur'' ('cekur' in Malaysia), and especially in Javanese and Balinese cuisines. ''Beras kencur'', which combines dried ''K. galanga'' powder with rice flour, is a particularly popular ''jamu'' herbal drink. Its leaves are also used in the Malay rice dish, ''nasi ulam''. Unlike the similar ''Boesenbergia rotunda'' (Thai กระชาย ''krachai''), ''K. galanga'' is not commonly used in Thai cuisine, but can be bought as a dried rhizome or in powder form at herbal medicine stalls. It is known in Thai as ''proh horm'' (เปรา ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zedoary
''Curcuma zedoaria'' (zedoary, white turmeric, or temu putih) is a perennial herb and member of the genus ''Curcuma'', family Zingiberaceae. The plant is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia but is now naturalized in other places including the US state of Florida. Zedoary was one of the ancient food plants of the Austronesian peoples. They were spread during prehistoric times to the Pacific Islands and Madagascar during the Austronesian expansion (c. 5,000 BP). Its use as a spice in the West today is extremely rare, having been replaced by ginger, and to a lesser extent, yellow turmeric. Characteristics Zedoary grows in tropical and subtropical wet forest regions. The fragrant plant bears yellow flowers with red and green bracts and the underground stem section, a rhizome, is large and tuberous with numerous branches. The leaf shoots of the zedoary are large and can reach 1 meter (3 feet) in height. Uses Food The edible rhizome of zedoary has a white interior and a frag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camphene
Camphene is a bicyclic organic compound. It is one of the most pervasive monoterpenes. As for other terpenes, it is insoluble in water, flammable, colorless, and has a pungent smell. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, valerian, and mango. It is produced industrially by isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene using a solid acid catalyst such as titanium dioxide. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring. These include isobornyl acetate. Biosynthesis Camphene is biosynthesized from linalyl pyrophosphate via a sequence of carbocation A carbocation is an ion with a positively charged carbon atom. Among the simplest examples are the methenium , methanium and vinyl cations. Occasionally, carbocations that bear more than one positively charged carbon atom are also encountere ...ic intermediates. References {{Authority con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borneol
Borneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. The hydroxyl group in this compound is placed in an '' endo'' position. The exo diastereomer is called isoborneol. Being chiral, borneol exists as enantiomers, both of which are found in nature. Reactions Borneol is oxidized to the ketone ( camphor). Occurrence The compound was named in 1842 by the French chemist Charles Frédéric Gerhardt. Borneol can be found in several species of ''Heterotheca'', ''Artemisia'', ''Rosmarinus officinalis'' (rosemary) ''Dipterocarpaceae'', ''Blumea balsamifera'' and '' Kaempferia galanga''. It is one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. This compound is gathered from the beaver's plant food. Synthesis Borneol can be synthesized by reduction of camphor by the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction (a reversible process). Reduction of camphor with sodium borohydride (fast and irreversible) gives instead the diastereomer isoborneol. : Uses Whereas ''d''-borneol w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cineol
Eucalyptol is a monoterpenoid. A colorless liquid, it is a bicyclic ether. Eucalyptol has a fresh mint-like smell and a spicy, cooling taste. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. Eucalyptol makes up ~70% - 90% of eucalyptus oil. Eucalyptol forms crystalline adducts with hydrohalic acids, ''o''-cresol, resorcinol, and phosphoric acid. Formation of these adducts is useful for purification. In 1870, F. S. Cloez identified and ascribed the name "eucalyptol" to the dominant portion of ''Eucalyptus globulus'' oil. Uses Because of its pleasant, spicy aroma and taste, eucalyptol is used in flavorings, fragrances, and cosmetics. Cineole-based eucalyptus oil is used as a flavouring at low levels (0.002%) in various products, including baked goods, confectionery, meat products, and beverages. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, eucalyptol was listed as one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. It is claimed to be added to improve t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginger
Ginger (''Zingiber officinale'') is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants used for flavoring or as a garnish. Spice ... and a folk medicine. It is a herbaceous perennial plant, perennial which grows annual pseudostems (false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves) about one meter tall bearing narrow leaf blades. The inflorescences bear flowers having pale yellow petals with purple edges, and arise directly from the rhizome on separate shoots. Ginger is in the family (taxonomy), family Zingiberaceae, which also includes turmeric (''Curcuma longa''), cardamom (''Elettaria cardamomum''), and galangal. Ginger originated in Maritime Southeast Asia and was likely domesticated first by the Austronesian peoples. It was transported with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zingiber Cassumunar
Cassumunar ginger: ''Zingiber cassumunar'', now thought to be a synonym of '' Zingiber montanum'' (J.König) Link ex A.Dietr., is a species of plant in the ginger family and is also a relative of galangal. It is called ''plai'' (ไพล) in Thailand, in addition to (ว่านไฟ ''wan-fai'') in Isan language and (ปูเลย ''bpulai'') in northern Thai language. The rhizome of variant 'Roxburgh' is used medicinally in massage and even in food in Thailand, and somewhat resembles ginger root or galangal. International Center for Science and High Technology Portal In aromatherapy, ''plai'' oil is used as an essential oil and is believed to ease pain and inflammation. It is also known as ponlei (ពន្លៃ) in Cambodia. A Japanese study from 1991 suggests (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-1-ene, an active ingredient of ''Z. cassumunar'' rhizomes, has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, an American study found that ''plai'' oil exhibits antimicro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaempferia Rotunda
''Kaempferia rotunda'' is a plant species in the ginger family. It is native to China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan), the Indian subcontinent (including Assam, Nepal and Bangladesh), Indochina, and widely cultivated elsewhere. It is reportedly naturalized in Java, Malaysia and Costa Rica. ''Kaempferia rotunda'' is a spicy plant with many medicinal uses in Ayurvedic and allopathic medicinal systems. This plant is also called ''bhumi champa'', Indian crocus, peacock ginger, and round-rooted galangale. ''K. rotunda'' is found in various parts of India and adjoining regions, but seldom in the wild. The plant is groomed in small herbal nurseries for applications in medicine preparation. As its Sanskrit name ''bhumi champa'' (bloom from within earth) implies, the indigo-coloured flower shoots from within the soil. In fact, the flower emerges much in advance of the whitish leafy shoot. The flower and leaf are never seen at the same time. The flower contains the toxin b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaempferia Angustifolia
''Kaempferia'' is a genus of plants in the ginger family. It is native to China, India, and Southeast Asia. The genus is named after the naturalist and traveller Engelbert Kaempfer, who lived in Japan and east Asia for the years 1689-1693 and was one of the first Europeans to write detailed descriptions of plants there. Species Over 100 names have been proposed in the genus. The following are accepted: * '' Kaempferia alboviolacea'' Ridl. - Vietnam * '' Kaempferia angustifolia'' Roscoe - Bangladesh, Assam, Vietnam, Thailand, Sumatra * '' Kaempferia attapeuensis'' Picheans. & Koonterm - Laos * ''Kaempferia champasakensis'' Picheans. & Koonterm - Laos * '' Kaempferia chayanii'' Koonterm - Laos * ''Kaempferia cuneata'' Gagnep. - Vietnam * ''Kaempferia elegans'' (Wall.) Baker in J.D.Hooker - Sichuan, Indochina, Borneo * '' Kaempferia evansii'' Blatt. - southern India * '' Kaempferia fallax'' Gagnep. - Laos, Thailand * '' Kaempferia filifolia'' K.Larsen - Thailand * '' Kaempferia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etlingera Fulgens
''Etlingera fulgens'' is a species of herbaceous perennial plant of the family Zingiberaceae. This species occurs in southern Thailand and peninsular Malaysia.Lim, C.K. (2000). "Taxonomic notes on Etlingera Giseke (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia: the Nicolaia taxa". Folia Malaysiana 1: 1–12. ''E. fulgens'' is used as an ornamental plant in landscape gardens for its bright red flowers and young leaves. Description ''Etlingera fulgens'' can be recognized by its shiny undulating leaves that are dark green in colour. When young, the undersides of its leaves are bright red in color, turning greenish on maturing. In older leaves, only the petiole and midrib are red. Petioles are in length. Rhizomes, in diameter, occur just below the ground. The plant can grow up to tall. Crushed leaf sheaths emit a pleasant sour fragrance similar to that of ''Etlingera elatior''. Inflorescences are raised above the ground and infructescences are globular in shape. Chemistry Leaves of ''E. f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etlingera Maingayi
''Etlingera maingayi'', the Malay rose, is a species of herbaceous, perennial, flowering plant in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. This species occurs in southern Thailand, where its flowers are eaten as vegetables, and Malaysia. It grows along forest edges and in disturbed areas. Description ''Etlingera maingayi'' grows to less than high. Its leaves are variable, with undulating fringes, and emit a sour scent when crushed. Young leaves are translucent and reddish on both sides. Chemistry Leaves of ''E. maingayi'' displayed ferrous ion chelating ability and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity that were much higher than young leaves of ''Camellia sinensis''. Leaves of ''E. maingayi'' had the highest yield of oil (1320 mg/100 g) consisting mainly of lauric acid (45%) and decanoic acid Capric acid, also known as decanoic acid or decylic acid, is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), and carboxylic acid. Its formula is CH3(CH2)8COOH. Salts and esters of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etlingera Elatior
''Etlingera elatior'' (also known as torch ginger, ginger flower, red ginger lily, torch lily, wild ginger, ''combrang, bunga kantan'', Philippine wax flower, ගොඩ ඕලු (goda olu), ගොඩ නෙලුම් (goda nelum), සිද්ධාර්ථ (siddartha), 火炬姜 (), Indonesian tall ginger, ''boca de dragón, rose de porcelaine'', and porcelain rose) is a species of herbaceous perennial plant. Botanical synonyms include ''Nicolaia elatior'',Riffle, Robert Lee (1998). ''The tropical look: an encyclopedia of dramatic landscape plants'', Timber Press, , p. 167 ''Phaeomeria magnifica'', ''Nicolaia speciosa'', ''Phaeomeria speciosa'', ''Alpinia elatior'', and ''Alpinia magnifica.'' The showy pink flowers are used in decorative arrangements, ''bunga kecombrang'', and are an important ingredient across Southeast Asia. In North Sumatra (especially among the Karo people), the flower buds are used for a stewed fish dish called ''Arsik ikan mas'' (Andaliman/Szechuan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
