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Jvari Pass Travertine Natural Monument
Jvari Pass Travertine Natural Monument ( ka, ჯვრის უღელტეხილის ტრავერტინი) is calcareous sinter or tufa in Baidara River valley on the left bank of the road tunnel of the Kobi-Gudauri motorway at 2197 meters above the sea level in Kazbegi Municipality, Georgia. This limestone was formed when carbonate minerals precipitate out of ambient temperature water. Travertine in some places is covered with a thin layer of transparent water on the white surface of the slopes where the intensive development process is still ongoing. It is part of ''Kazbegi Protected Areas'' Support Programme for Protected Areas in the Caucasus - Georgia (SPPA-Georgia) along with |
Travertine
Travertine ( ) is a form of terrestrial limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and even rusty varieties. It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of a hot spring or in a limestone cave. In the latter, it can form stalactites, stalagmites, and other speleothems. It is frequently used in Italy and elsewhere as a building material. Similar (but softer and extremely porous) deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa. Definition Travertine is a sedimentary rock formed by the chemical precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals from fresh water, typically in springs, rivers, and lakes; that is, from surface and ground waters. In the broadest sense, travertine includes deposits in both hot and cold springs, including the porous, spongy rock known as tufa, and also the cave features known as speleot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Precipitation (chemistry)
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the process of transforming a dissolved chemical substance, substance into an insoluble solid from a Supersaturated solution, super-saturated solution. The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the ''precipitant''. The clear liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the 'supernate' or 'supernatant'. The notion of precipitation can also be extended to other domains of chemistry (organic chemistry and biochemistry) and even be applied to the solid phases (''e.g.'', metallurgy and alloys) when solid impurities Segregation (materials science), segregate from a solid phase. Supersaturation The precipitation of a compound may occur when its concentration exceeds its solubility. This can be due to temperature changes, solvent evaporation, or by mixing solvents. Precipitatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jvari Overpass Travertine 2 , Georgian inscriptions
{{Disambig ...
Jvari may refer to the following in the country of Georgia: * Jvari (town), a town in Georgia * Jvari (monastery), an ancient monastery in Georgia * Jvari inscriptions The Jvari inscriptions ( ka, ჯვრის წარწერები, tr) are the Old Georgian inscriptions written in the Georgian ''Asomtavruli'' script on the Jvari Monastery, a basilica located near Mtskheta, Georgia (country), Georgia. Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keterisi Mineral Vaucluse
Keterisi Mineral Vaucluse Natural Monument ( ka, ქეთერისის მინერალური ვოკლუზი) is a cluster of powerful mineral water artesian aquifers pouring out at the foot of the Greater Caucasus, known as ''Narzan vaucluse'': these mineral springs provide 25-30 million liters of hydrocarbonate-calcium water per day, which corresponds to 300-350 liters per second. From these sources originates stream, which creates water cascades in the village of Keterisi. It is part of ''Kazbegi Protected Areas'' Support Programme for Protected Areas in the Caucasus - Georgia (SPPA-Georgia) along with Kazbegi National Park
Kazbegi National ...
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Truso Travertines Natural Monument
Truso Travertines Natural Monument ( ka, თრუსოს ტრავერტინი) is calcareous sinter or tufa in :ka:თრუსოს ხეობა, Truso valley on the right bank of Terek river at 2093 meters above the sea level in Kazbegi Municipality, Georgia (country), Georgia. It is located about 2 km from village Keterisi where local population lives only seasonally. This limestone was formed when carbonate minerals precipitation (chemistry), precipitate out of ambient temperature water. Travertine in some places is covered with a thin layer of transparent water on the white surface of the slopes where intensive development process is still ongoing. It is part of ''Kazbegi Protected Areas'' Support Programme for Protected Areas in the Caucasus - Georgia (SPPA-Georgia) along with Kazbegi National Park and fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abano Mineral Lake Natural Monument
Abano Mineral Lake Natural Monument ( ka, აბანოს მინერალური ტბა, tr) is a small karst lake in Kazbegi Municipality in Truso valley on the left bank of Terek River, to the east of the village Abano at 2,127 m above sea level. Lake characteristics The lake was created by a carbon dioxide filled underground stream flowing to the surface through carbonate rocks from the late Jurassic period. The lake "boils" loudly with carbon dioxide bubbles bursting. The outflow of the stream is 2.5 million liters per 24 hours. The total surface area of the lake is 0.04 ha. The emission of gas in calm weather causes carbon dioxide to accumulate in lower levels. Small animals suffocate when they get near the lake, which is why there are dead animals there, such as mice, lizards, frogs and some birds. It is part of ''Kazbegi Protected Areas'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakhizari Cliff Natural Monument
Sakhizari Cliff Natural Monument ( ka, სახიზარის კლდის ბუნების ძეგლი) is a complex geologic structure that was formed due to abundant rainfall causing erosion of the volcanic mountain Khabarjina. Local population call this place "the ruins of the rocks" and in the past centuries at wartime villagers would seek refuge by climbing the cliffs when the enemy approached. Scenic cliffs are located in Kazbegi Municipality in river Terek Gorge near village Sioni at 3136 meters above sea level. It is part of ''Kazbegi Protected Areas'' Support Programme for Protected Areas in the Caucasus - Georgia (SPPA-Georgia) along with Kazbegi National Park
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Kazbegi National Park
Kazbegi National Park is in Kazbegi Municipality in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of north-eastern Georgia.Kazbegi National Park in Georgia ''Protected Planet'' Kazbegi National Park is a popular tourist destination despite the lack of basic tourism infrastructure. Historical monuments worth a visit are the fourteenth-century Sameba temple, the tenth-century Garbanikerk, the Sioni basilica, the Akhaltsikhe basilica and the seventeenth-century Sno Cast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambient Temperature
Colloquially, "room temperature" is a range of air temperatures that most people prefer for indoor settings. It feels comfortable to a person when they are wearing typical indoor clothing. Human comfort can extend beyond this range depending on humidity, air circulation and other factors. Food or beverages may be served at ''room temperature'', meaning neither heated nor cooled. In certain fields, like science and engineering, and within a particular context, ''room temperature'' can mean different agreed-upon ranges. In contrast, ''ambient temperature'' is the actual temperature, as measured by a thermometer, of the air (or other medium and surroundings) in any particular place. The ambient temperature (e.g. an unheated room in winter) may be very different from an ideal ''room temperature''. Comfort temperatures ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'' identifies room temperature as around , while the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' states that it is "conv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonate Minerals
Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion, . Carbonate divisions Anhydrous carbonates *Calcite group: trigonal **Calcite CaCO3 **Gaspéite (Ni,Mg,Fe2+)CO3 **Magnesite MgCO3 **Otavite CdCO3 **Rhodochrosite MnCO3 **Siderite FeCO3 **Smithsonite ZnCO3 **Spherocobaltite CoCO3 *Aragonite group: orthorhombic **Aragonite CaCO3 **Cerussite PbCO3 **Strontianite SrCO3 **Witherite BaCO3 **Rutherfordine UO2CO3 **Natrite Na2CO3 Anhydrous carbonates with compound formulas *Dolomite group: trigonal **Ankerite CaFe(CO3)2 **Dolomite (mineral), Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 **Huntite Mg3Ca(CO3)4 **Minrecordite CaZn(CO3)2 **Barytocalcite BaCa(CO3)2 Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen *Carbonate with hydroxide: monoclinic **Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 **Hydrocerussite Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 **Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2 **Rosasite (Cu,Zn)2CO3(OH)2 **Phosgenite Pb2(CO3)Cl2 **Hydrozincite Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 **Aurichalcite (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 Hydrated carbonates *Hydromagnesite Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O *Ikaite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepantsminda
Stepantsminda ( ka, სტეფანწმინდა; formerly Kazbegi, ), is a townlet in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of north-eastern Georgia. Historically and ethnographically, the town is part of the Khevi province. It is the center of the Kazbegi Municipality. Etymology Stepantsminda was named after a Georgian Orthodox monk named Stephan, who constructed a hermitage at this location, as well as advicing people to relocate a little bit south in order to avoid the effect of regular snow avalanche. Geography and climate The town is located along the banks of the Terek River, to the north of Tbilisi at an elevation of 1,740 meters (5,710 feet) above sea level. Stepantsminda’s climate is moderately humid with relatively dry, cold winters and long and cool summers. The average annual temperature is 4.9 degrees Celsius. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of -5.2 degrees Celsius while July is the warmest month with an average temperature of 14.4 degrees ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, . ''Magnesian limestone'' is an obsolete and poorly-defined term used variously for dolomite, for limes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
