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Joyeuse
Joyeuse (; fro, Joiuse; meaning "joyous, joyful") was, in medieval legend, the sword wielded by Charlemagne as his personal weapon. A sword identified as Joyeuse was used in French royal coronation ceremonies since the 13th century, and is now kept at the Louvre museum. Description The overall height of the sword is with the blade portion making up of that. It is wide at the base, and thick. Its total weight is . In legend Some legends claim Joyeuse was forged to contain the Lance of Longinus within its pommel. The blade may have been smithed from the same materials as Roland's Durendal and Ogier's Curtana.Bullfinch's Mythology, Legends of Charlemagne, Chapter 24 A children's book from the early 20th century tells that "One priceless thing Charlemagne ever carried in his belt and that was Joyeuse, the Sword Jewellous, which contained in a hilt of gold and gems the head of the lance that pierced our Saviour's side. And thereto he wore a pilgrim's pouch — 'against m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joyeuse, Ardèche
Joyeuse (; oc, Juèsa) is a commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southern France. Geography Joyeuse lies in the historic region of Bas-Vivarais, in the valley of the Beaume, a tributary of the Ardèche. Population Personalities * Marcus Jallius Bassus, Roman consul, whose tomb is near Joyeuse * Charlemagne, founder of Joyeuse according to tradition * Duke Anne de Joyeuse * Cardinal François de Joyeuse * Duchess Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse *''la Grande Mademoiselle'' * François Boissel * See List of Dukes of Joyeuse Sights * The Château de Joyeuse is a classed as a monument historique. An earlier castle was largely destroyed and rebuilt in the 16th century. Today it serves as the mairie. * The Oratorian college is a monument historique. It was founded by Duchess Henriette in 1617 with the permission of Pope Paul V. It served as an educational institution until the French Revolution. It is now the home of a museum dealing with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treasury Of Saint-Denis
The Treasury of Saint-Denis, kept at the Basilica of Saint-Denis in Paris until the French Revolution, was the main repository of the ''regalia'' of the Kingdom of France, including the ''ancien régime'' portion of what are now known as the French Crown Jewels. Its surviving items are presently scattered between the Louvre, the ''Cabinet des Médailles'' of the French National Library, and other museums. A complementary set of coronation-related ''regalia'' was kept at Reims Cathedral, where some remain exhibited at the Palace of Tau. History The abbey of Saint Denis became a royal necropolis with the burial there of Dagobert I in the 7th century, confirmed as such by the burials of Charles Martel and Pepin the Short, and became an anchor shrine of the French monarchy under the early Capetian dynasty. Major donors also included Charles the Bald in the 9th century, Louis VI and Louis VII at the time when Suger was both the Saint-Denis abbot and a key royal adviser, Philip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardèche
Ardèche (; oc, Ardecha; frp, Ardecha) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. It is named after the river Ardèche and had a population of 328,278 as of 2019.Populations légales 2019: 07 Ardèche INSEE Its prefecture is in Privas, but its largest city is Annonay. History Prehistory and ancient history [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Précieuse
Précieuse (; Old French: ''Preciuse'') is the sword of Baligant, the Saracen king in the French epic ''The Song of Roland''. Baligant allegedly named his sword in response to hearing that Charlemagne's sword A sword is an edged, bladed weapon intended for manual cutting or thrusting. Its blade, longer than a knife or dagger, is attached to a hilt and can be straight or curved. A thrusting sword tends to have a straighter blade with a pointed ti ... had a name. Throughout the epic, there are several contrasts between the two, with Baligant being portrayed as a foolish counterpart to Charlemagne. Baligant felt inferior, and so named his sword with a similar name. References Matter of France Mythological swords Islam in fiction {{Sword-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durendal
Durendal, also spelled Durandal, is the sword of Roland, a legendary paladin and partially historical officer of Charlemagne in French epic literature. It is also said to have belonged to young Charlemagne at one point, and, passing through Saracen hands, came to be owned by Roland. The sword has been given various provenances. Several of the works of the Matter of France agree that it was forged by Wayland the Smith, who is commonly cited as a maker of weapons in chivalric romances. Etymology The name Durendal arguably begins with a French ''dur-'' stem, meaning "hard". Thus Rita Lejeune argued it may break down into ''durant'' + ''dail'', renderable in English as "strong scythe" or explained in more detailed to mean "a scimitar or scythe which holds, up, resists, endures". Gerhard Rohlfs suggested ''dur'' + ''end'art'' or "strong flame". The name may also connote the meaning of "enduring". The ''Pseudo-Turpin'' explains that the name "Durenda is interpreted to mean it gives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XIV Of France
, house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France , burial_date = 9 September 1715 , burial_place = Basilica of Saint-Denis , religion = Catholicism ( Gallican Rite) , signature = Louis XIV Signature.svg Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any sovereign in history whose date is verifiable. Although Louis XIV's France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe, the King surrounded himself with a variety of significant political, military, and cultural figures, such as Bossuet, Colbert, Le Brun, Le Nôtre, Lully, Mazarin, Molière, Racin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French King
France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the first king of France, however historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of West Francia. Titles The kings used the title "King of the Franks" ( la, Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (Latin: ''Rex Franciae''; French: ''roi de France'') was Philip II in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. However, ''Francorum Rex'' continued to be sometimes used, for example by Louis XII in 1499, by Francis I in 1515, and by Henry II in about 1550; it was also used on coins up to the eighteenth century. During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–1792) and after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip III Of France
Philip III (1 May 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (french: le Hardi), was King of France from 1270 until his death in 1285. His father, Louis IX, died in Tunis during the Eighth Crusade. Philip, who was accompanying him, returned to France and was anointed king at Reims in 1271. Philip inherited numerous territorial lands during his reign, the most notable being the County of Toulouse, which was annexed to the royal domain in 1271. With the Treaty of Orléans, he expanded French influence into the Kingdom of Navarre and following the death of his brother Peter during the Sicilian Vespers, the County of Alençon was returned to the crown lands. Following the Sicilian Vespers, Philip led the Aragonese Crusade in support of his uncle. Initially successful, Philip, his army racked with sickness, was forced to retreat and died from dysentery in Perpignan in 1285. He was succeeded by his son Philip IV. Early life Philip was born in Poissy on 1 May 1245, the sec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles X Of France
Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Charles (as heir-presumptive) became the leader of the ultra-royalists, a radical monarchist faction within the French court that affirmed rule by divine right and opposed the concessions towards liberals and guarantees of civil liberties granted by the Charter of 1814. Charles gained influence within the French court after the assassination of his son Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, in 1820 and succeeded his brother Louis XVIII in 1824.Munro Price, ''The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions'', Macmillan, pp. 185–187. His reign of almost six years proved to be deeply unpopular amongst the liberals in France from the moment of his coronation in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Épée Du Sacre Des Rois De France, Dite Joyeuse - Musée Du Louvre Objets D'art MS 84
The ( or , ), sometimes spelled epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern derives from the 19th-century , a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword. This contains a detailed contempraneous description of the history and form of the sport. As a thrusting weapon, the is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the users arm when fencing. In addition to the larger bell guard and blade, the weighs more which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of their use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of fencing. In addition, the entire body is a valid target area. Background While ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saracens
upright 1.5, Late 15th-century German woodcut depicting Saracens Saracen ( ) was a term used in the early centuries, both in Greek and Latin writings, to refer to the people who lived in and near what was designated by the Romans as Arabia Petraea and Arabia Deserta. The term's meaning evolved during its history of usage. During the Early Middle Ages, the term came to be associated with the tribes of Arabia. The oldest known source mentioning "Saracens" in relation to Islam dates back to the 7th century, in the Greek-language Christian tract ''Doctrina Jacobi''. Among other major events, the tract discusses the Muslim conquest of the Levant, which occurred after the rise of the Rashidun Caliphate following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Roman-Catholic church and European Christian leaders used the term during the Middle Ages to refer to Muslims—usually Arabs, Turks, and Iranians. By the 12th century, "Saracen" had become synonymous with "Muslim" in M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oakeshott Typology
The Oakeshott typology is a way to define and catalogue the medieval sword based on physical form. It categorises the swords of the European Middle Ages (roughly 11th to 16th centuries) into 13 main types, labelled X through XXII. The historian and illustrator Ewart Oakeshott introduced it in his 1960 treatise ''The Archaeology of Weapons: Arms and Armour from Prehistory to the Age of Chivalry''. The system is a continuation of Jan Petersen's typology of the Viking sword, which Petersen introduced in ''De Norske Vikingsverd'' ("The Norwegian Viking Swords") in 1919. In 1927 the system was simplified by R. E. M. Wheeler to only seven types, labelled I through VII. Oakeshott slightly expanded the system with two transitional types, VIII and IX, and then he started work on his own typology. Among the many reasons for his typology, Oakeshott found date classification unreliable during his research. He wrote that the weapons' dates of manufacture, use, and retirement have been grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
