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Joseph Monier
Joseph Monier (; 8 November 1823, Saint-Quentin-la-Poterie, France – 13 March 1906, Paris) was a French gardener and one of the principal inventors of reinforced concrete. Overview As a gardener, Monier was not satisfied with the materials available for making flowerpots. Clay was easily broken and wood weathered badly and could be broken by the plant roots. Monier began making concrete pots and tubs, but these were not stable enough. In order to strengthen the concrete containers, he experimented with embedded iron mesh. He was not the first to experiment with reinforced concrete, but he saw some of the possibilities in the technique, and promoted it extensively. Monier exhibited his invention at the Paris Exposition of 1867. He obtained his first patent on 16 July 1867, on iron-reinforced troughs for horticulture. He continued to find new uses for the material, and obtained more patents — iron-reinforced concrete pipes and basins (1868); iron-reinforced concrete pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Monier
Joseph Monier (; 8 November 1823, Saint-Quentin-la-Poterie, France – 13 March 1906, Paris) was a French gardener and one of the principal inventors of reinforced concrete. Overview As a gardener, Monier was not satisfied with the materials available for making flowerpots. Clay was easily broken and wood weathered badly and could be broken by the plant roots. Monier began making concrete pots and tubs, but these were not stable enough. In order to strengthen the concrete containers, he experimented with embedded iron mesh. He was not the first to experiment with reinforced concrete, but he saw some of the possibilities in the technique, and promoted it extensively. Monier exhibited his invention at the Paris Exposition of 1867. He obtained his first patent on 16 July 1867, on iron-reinforced troughs for horticulture. He continued to find new uses for the material, and obtained more patents — iron-reinforced concrete pipes and basins (1868); iron-reinforced concrete pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monier Bridge Chazelet
Monier is a French name that may refer to the following notable people: * Damien Monier (born 1982), French professional road bicycle racer * Étienne Monier (1889–1913), French anarchist * Evelyn Monier-Williams (1920–2015), English barrister * Georges Monier (1892–1974), Belgian composer *Iszlam Monier Suliman (born 1990), Hungarian Sudanese judoka * Jean Monier (or Mosnier) (1600–1656), French painter * Joseph Monier (1823–1906), French gardener, one of the principal inventors of reinforced concrete ** Monier Ventilation Shaft 1 in Brisbane, Australia ** Monier Ventilation Shaft 2 in Brisbane, Australia ** Monier Ventilation Shaft 3 in Brisbane, Australia * Louis Monier (born 1956), founder of Internet search engine AltaVista * Monier Monier-Williams (1819–1899), British Indologist * Pierre Monier (or Mosnier) (1641–1703), French painter * Raúl Monier (born 1960), Argentine chess master * Robert Monier (1885–1944), French sailor * Sébastien Monier (born 1984), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel bars ( rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. However, post-tensioning is also employed as a technique to reinforce the concrete. In terms of volume used annually, it is one of the most common engineering materials. In corrosion engineering terms, when designed correctly, the alkalinity of the concrete protects the steel rebar from corrosion. Description Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century French Engineers
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the large S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century French Inventors
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concrete Pioneers
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most widely used building material. Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminum combined. Globally, the ready-mix concrete industry, the largest segment of the concrete market, is projected to exceed $600 billion in revenue by 2025. This widespread use results in a number of environmental impacts. Most notably, the production process for cement produces large volumes of greenhouse gas emissions, leading to net 8% of global emissions. Other environmental concerns include widespread illegal sand mining, impacts on the surrounding environment such as increased surface runoff or urban heat island effect, and potential public health implications from toxic ingredients. Significant research and development is b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Monash
General Sir John Monash, (; 27 June 1865 – 8 October 1931) was an Australian civil engineer and military commander of the First World War. He commanded the 13th Infantry Brigade before the war and then, shortly after its outbreak, became commander of the 4th Brigade in Egypt, with whom he took part in the Gallipoli campaign. In July 1916 he took charge of the newly raised 3rd Division in northwestern France and in May 1918 became commander of the Australian Corps, at the time the largest corps on the Western Front. Monash is considered one of the best Allied generals of the First World War and the most famous commander in Australian history. Early life Monash was born in Dudley Street, West Melbourne, Victoria, on 27 June 1865, the son of Louis Monash and his wife Bertha, née Manasse. He was born to Jewish parents, both from Krotoschin in the Prussian province of Posen (now Krotoszyn, Poland); the family name was originally spelt ''Monasch'' and pronounced with the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johnstons Creek (New South Wales)
Johnstons Creek, formerly Johnston's Creek, is an urban gully, located in Sydney, Australia and situated in the Leichhardt local government area. The creek flows from Petersham, past Annandale, Camperdown, Forest Lodge and Harold Park, before spilling into Rozelle Bay, within Sydney Harbour. Course and features Originally a natural watercourse, Johnston's Creek was converted into a brick and concrete channel in the 1890s in order to improve sanitation in Sydney. The creek rises in Petersham and initially marked the eastern boundary of the land granted to Lieutenant-Colonel George Johnston in the 1790s, which he named Annandale. The Annandale Estate was subdivided in the latter part of the 19th Century into what is now the suburbs of Stanmore and Annandale. The channel now forms a boundary of Annandale, Forest Lodge, Camperdown and Stanmore. Johnstons Creek has one minor tributary, Orphan School Creek, an urban canal that joins Johnstons Creek at Forest Lodge. Urban st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whites Creek (Annandale)
Whites Creek, formerly known as White's Creek, was once a natural waterway that was concreted to improve sanitation. The creek is now a heritagelisted artificial waterway located in the innerwest region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Sanitation was poor in the first 100 years of the new colony, and the waterways were contaminated. The waterway was concreted and became a Whites Creek Channel between 1898 and 1935, to cope with the runoff from the increasing amount of impermeable surfaces that. The Whites Creek storm drain as it is now, is located in flows in a northerly direction into Rozelle Bay, part of the Sydney Harbour. In 1898, an aqueduct was built to carry the sewerage over Whites Creek. This was the first use of the Monier system of reinforced concrete in Australia. Wetlands were constructed adjacent to the Whites Creek Channel in 2002, to filter out excess nutrients and improve the quality of water flowing into the harbour. Etymology W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monier Reservoir Clamart
Monier is a French name that may refer to the following notable people: * Damien Monier (born 1982), French professional road bicycle racer * Étienne Monier (1889–1913), French anarchist * Evelyn Monier-Williams (1920–2015), English barrister * Georges Monier (1892–1974), Belgian composer *Iszlam Monier Suliman (born 1990), Hungarian Sudanese judoka * Jean Monier (or Mosnier) (1600–1656), French painter * Joseph Monier (1823–1906), French gardener, one of the principal inventors of reinforced concrete ** Monier Ventilation Shaft 1 in Brisbane, Australia ** Monier Ventilation Shaft 2 in Brisbane, Australia ** Monier Ventilation Shaft 3 in Brisbane, Australia * Louis Monier (born 1956), founder of Internet search engine AltaVista * Monier Monier-Williams (1819–1899), British Indologist * Pierre Monier (or Mosnier) (1641–1703), French painter * Raúl Monier (born 1960), Argentine chess master * Robert Monier (1885–1944), French sailor * Sébastien Monier (born 1984), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concrete Sleeper
A concrete sleeper (British English) or concrete tie (American English) is a type of railway sleeper or railroad tie made out of steel reinforced concrete. History In 1877, Joseph Monier, a French gardener, suggested that concrete reinforced with steel could be used for making sleepers for railway track. Monier designed a sleeper and obtained a patent for it, but it was not successful. Concrete sleepers were first used on the Alford and Sutton Tramway in 1884. Their first use on a main line railway was by the Reading Company in America in 1896, as recorded by AREA Proceedings at the time. Designs were further developed and the railways of Austria and Italy used the first concrete sleepers around the turn of the 20th century. This was closely followed by other European railways. Major progress was not achieved until World War II, when the timbers used for sleepers were scarce due to competition from other uses, such as mines.Hay 1982, p. 470 Following research carried out on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faux Bois
''Faux bois'' (from the French for ''false wood'') refers to the artistic imitation of wood or wood grains in various media. The craft has roots in the Renaissance with trompe-l'œil. It was probably first crafted with concrete using an iron armature by garden craftsmen in France called " rocailleurs" using common iron materials: rods, barrel bands, and chicken wire. Early examples of the craft survive at Parc des Buttes-Chaumont opened for an exposition in Paris in 1867. In 1873, the inventor of ferrocement, Joseph Monier expanded his patents to include bridges. He designed the first bridge of reinforced concrete, crossing the moat at the Chateau Chazelet, in France. It was sculpted to resemble timbers and logs. Light, Patsy Pittman (2005). ''Capturing Nature: the Cement Sculpture of Dionicio Rodriguez''. Texas A&M University Press. Ferrocement faux bois uses a combination of concrete, mortar and grout applied to a steel frame or armature to sculpt lifelike representation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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