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James O. Fraser
James Outram Fraser (Chinese: 富能仁; 1886–1938) was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China with the China Inland Mission. He pioneered work among the Lisu people, of Southwestern China, in the early part of the 20th century. He is credited with developing the Fraser script for their language. Early life Born in London in 1886. Fraser had four brothers and sisters. His parents divorced when Fraser was a teen, his mother moving to Letchworth, buying property with her own funds. By 1906, he was at Imperial College London studying engineering. Fraser was accomplished in piano and held a recital in his twenties before he left for China. First years in Yunnan He became a graduate engineer. However, in 1908 he dedicated his life to missionary work and joined the China Inland Mission. He arrived in China at 22 and travelled from Shanghai to Hong Kong and then to the mountainous region of China's far southwest. He was forced by the chaos accompanying the Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to be growing errors, abuses, and discrepancies within it. Protestantism emphasizes the Christian believer's justification by God in faith alone (') rather than by a combination of faith with good works as in Catholicism; the teaching that salvation comes by divine grace or "unmerited favor" only ('); the priesthood of all faithful believers in the Church; and the ''sola scriptura'' ("scripture alone") that posits the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. Most Protestants, with the exception of Anglo-Papalism, reject the Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy, but disagree among themselves regarding the number of sacraments, the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, and matters of ecclesiastica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goal was to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. The Revolution marked the effective commanding return of Mao –who was still the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)– to the centre of power, after a period of self-abstention and ceding to less radical leadership in the aftermath of the Mao-led Great Leap Forward debacle and the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961). The Revolution failed to achieve its main goals. Launching the movement in May 1966 with the help of the Cultural Revolution Group, Mao charged that bourgeois elements had infiltrated the government and society with the aim of restoring capitalism. Mao called on young people to " bombard the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Bibliography Of The China Inland Mission
OMF International (formerly Overseas Missionary Fellowship and before 1964 the China Inland Mission) is an international and interdenominational Evangelical Christianity, Christian missionary society with an international centre in Singapore. It was founded in United Kingdom, Britain by Hudson Taylor on 25 June 1865. Overview The non-sectarian China Inland Mission was founded on principles of faith and prayer founded by James Hudson Taylor in 1865. From the beginning it recruited missionaries from the working class as well as single women. The original goal of the mission that began dedicated to China has grown to include bringing the Gospel to East Asia. Following the departure of all foreign workers in the early 1950s, the China Inland Mission redirected its missionaries to other parts of East Asia. The name was changed to the Overseas Missionary Fellowship in 1964, and then to the current name in the 1990s. History Missiological Distinctives of the CIM Origins Hudson ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Geraldine Guinness
Mary Geraldine Guinness (; 25 December 1862 – 6 June 1949), often known as Mrs. Howard Taylor, was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China, and author of many missionary biographies on the history of the China Inland Mission (CIM). Life She was born in 1865. She was the daughter of revivalist preachers and authors Fanny Grattan Guinness and Henry Grattan Guinness. Her father was a friend of James Hudson Taylor, founder of the CIM. She became Taylor's daughter-in-law when she married his son, fellow CIM missionary Frederick Howard Taylor. Single woman and missionary In her youth, Taylor taught a Bible class for "factory-girls" in Bromley-by-Bow in the East End of London where they lived. She attended meetings at "Berger Hall" named after William Thomas Berger. She left London for China as a second-class passenger on the P&O vessel ''Kaisar-i-Hind I''Shipping lists date the building of the second ''Kaisar-i-Hind'' after 1888 and upon the sinking of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisu Christianity
Lisu Church is a Christian church of an ethnic minority of southern China, Myanmar, Thailand and a part of India. The Chinese government's State Administration for Religious Affairs has proposed considering Christianity the official religion of the Lisu. History Christian missionaries worked in the Lisu area from the early 20th century. The first to work among the Lisu, in the Yunnan province in China, was James O. Fraser with the China Inland Mission; he also developed the written Lisu language and the Fraser Alphabet, which has been officially adopted by the Chinese government. Reading and writing in Lisu was mainly developed by the church and, in some villages, the membership of the Christian church comprises far more than half the population. The Lisu Church has both the Holy Bible and a Christian hymn book in its own language. As an originally orally-based culture, Lisu hymn singing has become a centerpiece in Lisu Christian worship and practice. The Chinese Lisu Church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fugong County
Fugong County () is a county located in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, in the west of Yunnan province, China, bordering Myanmar's Kachin State to the west. Administrative divisions Fugong County has 1 town, 5 townships and 1 ethnic township. ;1 town * Shangpa () ;5 townships ;1 ethnic township * Pihe Nu () Climate See also *Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas The Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas () is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Yunnan province, China. It lies within the drainage basins of the upper reaches of the Jinsha (Yangtze), Lancang (Mekong) and Nujiang ( Salween) rivers, in ... - Unesco World Heritage Site References External linksFugong County County-level divisions of Nujiang Prefecture {{Yunnan-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Asia
East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both Geography, geographical and culture, ethno-cultural terms. The modern State (polity), states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea and Taiwan are all unrecognised by at least one other East Asian state due to severe ongoing War, political tensions in the region, specifically the division of Korea and the political status of Taiwan. Hong Kong and Macau, two small coastal Dependent territory, quasi-dependent territories located in the south of China, are officially highly autonomous but are under Chinese sovereignty. Economy of Japan, Japan, Economy of Taiwan, Taiwan, Economy of South Korea, South Korea, Economy of China, Mainland China, Economy of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and Economy of Macau, Macau are among the world's largest and most prosperous economies. East Asia borders Siberia and the Russian Far East to the north, Southeast Asia to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisu Language
Lisu ( Fraser alphabet: , or ; New Lisu script: ; zh, c=傈僳语, p=Lìsùyǔ; my, လီဆူဘာသာစကား, ) is a tonal Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Yunnan (Southwestern China), Northern Burma (Myanmar) and Thailand and a small part of India. Along with Lipo, it is one of two languages of the Lisu people. Lisu has many dialects that originate from the country in which they live. Hua Lisu, Pai Lisu and Lu Shi Lisu dialects are spoken in China. Although they are mutually intelligible, some have many more loan words from other languages than others. The Lisu language is closely related to the Lahu and Akha languages and is also related to Burmese, Jingphaw and Yi languages. Dialects Three dialects can be distinguished: northern, central and southern, with northern being the standard. Bradley (2003) Bradley (2003) lists the following three Lisu dialects. *Northern (, 'Black Lo' (autonym), , 'Northern Lo' (name given by other Lisu)): Northwest Yunnan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture
Nùjiāng Lisu Autonomous Prefecture () is an autonomous prefecture of western/northwestern Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. Name It is named after the Nujiang river (the longest undammed river in Southeast Asia) and the Lisu ethnic group. Administration The seat of the prefecture is Liuku Town, Lushui. The prefecture is subdivided into four county-level divisions: one county-level city, one county, and two autonomous counties: Demographics According to the 2000 Census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses inc ... Nujiang has 491,824 inhabitants with a population density of 33.45 inhabitants/km2. Ethnic groups in Nujiang, 2000 census External links Nujiang Prefecture Official Website Autonomous prefectures of the People's Republic of China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weixi Lisu Autonomous County
Weixi Lisu Autonomous County (; ; Lisu: ꓪꓰꓲ-ꓫꓲꓸ ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓝꓲꓸ ꓛꓬꓽ ꓫꓯꓽ ) is located in Dêqên Prefecture, in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China. Administrative divisions Weixi Lisu Autonomous County has 3 towns and 7 townships. ;3 towns * Baohe () * Yezhi () * Tacheng TachengThe official spelling according to (), as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Mongolian as Qoqak, is a county-level city (1994 est. pop. 56,400) and the administrative seat of Tacheng Prefecture, in northern Ili Kazakh A ... () ;7 townships Climate References External linksWeixi County Official Website County-level divisions of Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Lisu people Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China {{Yunnan-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria. Malaria is caused by single-celled microorganisms of the ''Plasmodium'' group. It is spread exclusively through bites of infected ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. Five species of ''Plasmodium'' can infect and be spread by h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baoshan, Yunnan
(; historically also Yongchang, Burmese:ပေါက်ရှန်) is a prefecture-level city in Western Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. Baoshan is the second-biggest metropolitan area in western Yunnan after Dali. Geography and climate Baoshan is located between the border of Burma and the Lancang river (Mekong); specifically it borders the Burmese states of Kachin to the northwest and Shan to the south. The Nujiang (Salween River) flows through the entire length of the prefecture, north to south. Tempered by the low latitude and moderate elevation, Baoshan has a mild subtropical highland climate ( Köppen ''Cwb''), with short, mild, dry winters and warm, rainy summers. Frost may occur in winter but the days still generally warm up to around , with a January average of . The warmest month is June, which averages . Nearly three quarters of the annual rainfall occurs from June to October. Demography The prefecture has about 2.5 million inhabitants. Admin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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