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José Abílio Osório Soares
José Abílio Osório Soares () (2 June 1947 – 17 June 2007) was an Indonesian politician. He was the last governor of the Indonesian province of East Timor before the country's independence. Profile During the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, Soares became Mayor of Dili, later Regent ('' Bupati'') of his home of Manatuto and from September 18, 1992, until 1999 the last governor of the province of Timor Timur. Immediately after taking office, he outraged the world with his statement that "many more should have died" in the Santa Cruz massacre that had taken place shortly before. In May 1994, he proposed an autonomy within Indonesia to resolve the East Timor conflict, which was rejected by the Indonesian President Suharto as unconstitutional. Soares was then sent to Jakarta for four months on a military course, which was to be considered a disciplinary measure. During Soares' second term in office from September 1997, his involvement in corruption cases in connecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Timor (Indonesian Province)
East Timor ( id, Timor Timur) was a claimed province of Indonesia that existed between 1976 and 1999 during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor. Its territory corresponded to the previous Portuguese Timor and to the present-day independent country of Timor-Leste. From 1702 to 1975, East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal, called "Portuguese Timor". In 1974, Portugal initiated a gradual decolonisation process of its remaining overseas territories, including Portuguese Timor. During the process, a civil conflict between the different Timorese parties erupted. In 1975, Indonesia invaded East Timor and in 1976, it formally annexed the territory, declaring it as its 27th province and renaming it "Timor Timur". The United Nations, however, did not recognise the annexation, continuing to consider Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor. Following the end of Indonesian occupation in 1999, as well as a United Nations administered transition period, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Cruz Massacre
The Santa Cruz massacre (also known as the Dili massacre) was the murder of at least 250 East Timorese pro-independence demonstrators in the Santa Cruz cemetery in the capital, Dili, on 12 November 1991, during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor and is part of the East Timor genocide. Background In October 1991, a delegation to East Timor consisting of members of the Assembly of the Republic of Portugal and twelve journalists was planned during a visit from UN Special Rapporteur for Human Rights on Torture, Pieter Kooijmans. The Indonesian Government objected to the inclusion in the delegation of Jill Jolliffe, an Australian journalist who it regarded as supportive of the Fretilin independence movement,Hyland, Tom"Jakarta 'sabotage Timor visit'", ''The Age'', 28 October 1991. Read at ''Hamline University Apakabar Site''. URL Accessed 26 August 2006. and Portugal subsequently cancelled the delegation. The cancellation demoralised independence activists in East Timor, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Transitional Administration In East Timor
The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), ( pt, Administração Transitória das Nações Unidas em Timor Leste), was a United Nations mission in East Timor that aimed to solve the decades long East Timorese crisis in the area occupied by Indonesian military. UNTAET provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of East Timor, from its establishment on 25 October 1999, until its independence on 20 May 2002, following the outcome of the East Timor Special Autonomy Referendum. The transitional administration was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1272 in 1999. A rarity for United Nations peacekeeping missions, UNTAET involved the United Nations directly administering the territory of East Timor. The mission's responsibilities included providing a peacekeeping force to maintain security and order; facilitating and co-ordinating relief assistance to the East Timorese; facilitating emerge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest and most familiar international organization. The UN is headquarters of the United Nations, headquartered on extraterritoriality, international territory in New York City, and has other main offices in United Nations Office at Geneva, Geneva, United Nations Office at Nairobi, Nairobi, United Nations Office at Vienna, Vienna, and Peace Palace, The Hague (home to the International Court of Justice). The UN was established after World War II with Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the aim of preventing future world wars, succeeding the League of Nations, which was characterized as ineffective. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for United Nations Conference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Force East Timor
The International Force East Timor (INTERFET) was a multinational non-United Nations peacemaking task force, organised and led by Australia in accordance with United Nations resolutions to address the humanitarian and security crisis that took place in East Timor from 1999–2000 until the arrival of UN peacekeepers. INTERFET was commanded by an Australian military officer, Major General Peter Cosgrove. Background Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975 and annexed the former Portuguese colony. The annexation was recognised by few nations (including Australia and the United States) and was resisted by many East Timorese. Cold War security concerns were emphasised, while foreign powers also placed high importance on good relations with Indonesia and were largely reluctant to assist a push for independence as a result. However, following the fall of long-serving Indonesian President Suharto, the new president, B. J. Habibie, was prepared to grant East Timor special autonomy. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suai Church Massacre
The Suai Church massacre occurred on 6 September 1999, in Suai, Cova Lima District in southwestern East Timor, two days after the results of the independence referendum were announced. Massacre According to the International Commission of Inquiry on East Timor's report to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, several hundred persons had sought refuge in the Ave Maria church from attacks of the pro-Indonesia Laksaur militia in the city. Then the militia, with the support of the military of Indonesia, killed up to 200 people. Twenty-six bodies were identified that had been buried across the border in West Timor, but eyewitnesses claim many more were killed. Five Indonesian officials—Lieutenant Colonel Liliek Kusardiyanto, Captain Ahmad Syamsudin, Lieutenant Sugito, police Colonel Gatot Subiaktoro, and District Head Herman Sedyono—were tried in Indonesia for these crimes but were acquitted. The UN named them and eleven other men in an indictment filed by the UN Serio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo SDB, commonly known as Carlos Belo or Ximenes Belo (born 3 February 1948) is an East Timorese prelate of the Catholic Church. He became a bishop in 1988 and served as the apostolic administrator of the Diocese of Díli from 1988 to 2002. In 1996, he shared the Nobel Peace Prize with José Ramos-Horta for working "towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor". Early life and religious vocation Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo was the fifth child of Domingos Vaz Filipe and Ermelinda Baptista Filipe, born in the village of Wailakama, near Vemasse, on the north coast of Portuguese Timor. His father, a schoolteacher, died two years after Belo was born. He attended Catholic schools at Baucau and Ossu and then entered the minor seminary in Dare outside Dili, graduating in 1968. From 1969 until 1981, apart from periods of practical training in East Timor and Macau from 1974 to 1976, Belo studied philosophy at the Catholic University of Port ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Carrascalão
Manuel Guterres Viegas Carrascalão (Atauro, 16 December 1933 – Dili, 11 July 2009) was an Indonesian parliamentarian and prominent East Timorese independence leader. The Carrascalão family is of mestiço ancestry; On May 22, 1952, at the age of 18, he was made Knight of the Order of Entrepreneurial Merit. He became one of the prominent figures in the popular self-determination consultation in 1999, to the point that his house was attacked by the Aitarack militias, under the command of Eurico Guterres, an opponent of Maubere independence. Twelve of the members killed during the massacre at his house were exhumed by the UNTAET Crime Scene Detachment in early 2000, in Maubara. Along with the Liquica Church Massacre, the attack at Manuel Carrascalão's house was of the "ten priority investigations" of the Serious Crimes Unit. During the attack at his residence in Lecidere, Dili, on 17 April 1999, his son Manelito Carrascalão, age 17, and a hundred other refugees, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquiçá Church Massacre
The Liquiçá Church massacre was a mass-killing that occurred in April 1999, during East Timor's bid for independence. It was the first case to be heard by the Second Special Panel. Events and Aftermath During the event, up to some 200 East Timorese people were murdered at the Liquica priest's house next to the local Catholic church. The event left many witnesses, including the local Catholic Priest, Raphael dos Santos. The total number of victims at the hands of pro-Indonesia militias (primarily the Besi Merah Putih) and Indonesian soldiers and police in Liquica has never been fully determined, ranging from a low of five claimed by Indonesia, to more than 200 by local sources. The crime was first investigated by Australian diplomats at the invitation of the Indonesian Government, but the report wasn't released until 2001.East Timor in Transition: An Australian Policy Challenge, DFAT, 2001, pp185-9 Later it was investigated by a team of International Police which became kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scorched Earth Operation
The Scorched Earth Operation refers to actions of paramilitary groups during the events of September 1999 in Dili, the capital of East Timor. The country had been under Indonesian occupation since 1975, and resistance by Timorese peaked in 1999. Following a referendum on Timorese independence, pro-Indonesian militia and military rampaged through East Timor destroying vital infrastructure. Warnings As pro-Indonesian militia leaders warned of a "bloodbath" if the referendum was successful, Indonesian "roving ambassador" Francisco Lopes da Cruz declared: "If people reject autonomy, there is the possibility blood will flow in East Timor." One paramilitary leader announced that a "sea of fire" would result in the event of an independence vote. As the date of the vote drew near, reports of anti-independence violence continued to circulate. The day of the vote, 30 August 1999, was generally calm and orderly. 98.6% of registered voters cast ballots, and on 4 September, UN Secretary-Gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 East Timorese Independence Referendum
An independence referendum was held in East Timor on 30 August 1999. The referendum's origins lay with the request made by the President of Indonesia, B. J. Habibie, to the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan on 27 January 1999, for the United Nations to hold a referendum, whereby the Indonesian province would be given choice of either greater autonomy within Indonesia or independence. Voters rejected the proposed special autonomy, leading to their separation from Indonesia. This led to mass violence and the destruction of infrastructure in East Timor, before the UN Security Council ratified the resolution on 15 September for the formation of a multinational force (INTERFET) to be immediately sent to East Timor to restore order and security and end the humanitarian crisis. East Timor would officially achieve recognised independence on 20 May 2002. By many Indonesians (including the government), the referendum is also called the East Timorese people's consultation ( id, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pro-Indonesia Militia
During the East Timor independence referendum in 1999, pro-Indonesia militias refers to paramilitary militias in East Timor that were loyal to the Indonesian government. They operated during the final years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor. History Pro-Indonesia militias were responsible for multiple atrocities and mass-killings during East Timor's bid for independence and transitional period. This led to the 1999 East Timorese crisis (known as the East Timor Scorched Earth campaign), which included notable incidents such as the Liquiçá Church, Manuel Carrascalão House, and Suai Church massacres. One of the most notorious militia leaders was Eurico Guterres, the leader of Aitarak, who was convicted and sentenced to ten years in prison for his participation in the Liquiçá Church massacre. Militias Notable militias included: * Aitarak (Thorn) *Besi Merah Putih (Red and White Iron) * Garda Muda Penegak Integrasi (Youth Guard for Upholding Integration) * Laksaur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
