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John Lettou
John Lettou or John of Lithuania ( lt, Jonas Lietuvis, fl. 1475–1483) was an English bookbinder and printer, presumably from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.R. Bideleux. ''A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change''. Routledge, 1998 Seventeen books printed between 1475 and 1480 are attributed to the workshop of the ‘Indulgence Binder’ now identified as Lettou. The identification depends upon the use of waste strips cut from an indulgence of 1480 used in the binding of a Bible, printed by Gotz in 1480, which now belongs to Jesus College, Cambridge. Since this waste would have been found only in the workshop of the printer, and the indulgence was printed by Lettou, he must have been both the printer and the binder. John Lettou also published in partnership with William de Machlinia and they published mostly law books. Lettou is also considered to have been a colleague of the Belarusian first book printer Francysk Skaryna. See also * List of people from Belarus *List of Lit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floruit
''Floruit'' (; abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for "they flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone flourished. Etymology and use la, flōruit is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb ', ' "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun ', ', "flower". Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are wills attested by John Jones in 1204, and 1229, and a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)". The term is often used in art history when dating the career ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria. The state was founded by Lithuanians, who were at the time a polytheistic nation born from several united Baltic tribes from Aukštaitija. The Grand Duchy expanded to include large portions of the former Kievan Rus' and other neighbouring states, including what is now Lithuania, Belarus and parts of Ukraine, Latvia, Poland, Russia and Moldova. At its greatest extent, in the 15th century, it was the largest state in Europe. It was a multi-ethnic and multiconfessional state, with great diversity in languages, religion, and cultural heritage. The consolidation of the Lithuanian lands began in the late 13th century. Mindaugas, the first ruler of the Grand Duchy, was crowned as Catholic King of Lithuania in 1253. The pagan state was targeted in a religious crusade by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indulgence
In the teaching of the Catholic Church, an indulgence (, from , 'permit') is "a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins". The '' Catechism of the Catholic Church'' describes an indulgence as "a remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven, which the faithful Christian who is duly disposed gains under certain prescribed conditions through the action of the Church which, as the minister of redemption, dispenses and applies with authority the treasury of the satisfactions of Christ and all of the saints". The recipient of an indulgence must perform an action to receive it. This is most often the saying (once, or many times) of a specified prayer, but may also include a pilgrimage, the visiting of a particular place (such as a shrine, church or cemetery) or the performance of specific good works. Indulgences were introduced to allow for the remission of the severe penances of the early church and gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesus College, Cambridge
Jesus College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college's full name is The College of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint John the Evangelist and the glorious Virgin Saint Radegund, near Cambridge. Its common name comes from the name of its chapel, Jesus Chapel. Jesus College was established in 1496 on the site of the twelfth-century Benedictine nunnery of St Mary and St Radegund by John Alcock, then Bishop of Ely. The cockerel is the symbol of Jesus College, after the surname of its founder. For the 300 years from 1560 to 1860, Jesus College was primarily a training college for Church of England clergy. Jesus College has assets of approximately £344m making it Cambridge's fourth-wealthiest college. The college is known for its particularly expansive grounds which include its sporting fields and for its close proximity to its boathouse. Three members of Jesus College have received a Nobel Prize. Two fellows of the college have been appointed to the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William De Machlinia
William de Machlinia was an English printer who was active in the 15th century. Life He was born in Malines (Mechelen) in the Low Countries. He moved to London where, from 1483, he worked as an independent printer. Career Between 1483 and 1490 he printed twenty-four books. None of those are dated, though some contain his name and place of printing. He was responsible for the printing of the bull of Pope Innocent III, granting dispensation for the marriage of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York in March 1486. William de Machlinia published in partnership with John Lettou, and they published mostly law books. William de Machlinia also collaborated several times with Richard Pynson Richard Pynson (c. 1449 – c. 1529) was one of the first printers of English books. Born in Normandy, he moved to London, where he became one of the leading printers of the generation following William Caxton. His books were printed to a high .... References External links * {{DEFAU ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francysk Skaryna
Francysk Skaryna (alternative transcriptions of his name: ''Francišak Skaryna'' or ''Francisk Skaryna''; lat, Franciscus Scorina, be, Францыск (Францішак) Скарына ; pl, Franciszek Skaryna, cs, František Skorina; 1470 – 1551/29 January 1552) was a Belarusian humanist, physician, and translator. He is known to be one of the first book printers in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in all of Eastern Europe, laying the groundwork for the development of the of the Church Slavonic language. Early life and education Skaryna was born into a wealthy family from Polotsk, which was then a major trade and manufacturing center of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. His father, Luka Skaryna, was a merchant, who dealt with someone known as Doronya Ivanov, from Velikiye Luki. Skaryna's older brother, Ivan, was also a merchant. The brothers owned property, possibly ancestral, in Polotsk.Sokolová Františka. Francisko Skoryna v dile českých slavistů. Sbornik k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of People From Belarus
This is a list of people connected to the Republic of Belarus. It is not limited to persons of Belarusian ethnicity; Russians, Jews, Poles, Vikings, etc., may be found in this list. Over time the Belarusian land has had many rulers, and often its culture was suppressed. Therefore, many Belarusian nationals are known to the world as Poles or Russians. Culture * Hanna Ipatava *Louis B. Mayer *Solomon Mikhoels *Hanna Rovina (1893–1980), Israeli actress *J. Michael Straczynski Artists *Marc Chagall *Kirk Douglas *Petr Elfimov *Naum Gabo, sculptor *Michel Kikoine *Dmitry Koldun *Pinchus Kremegne *Yehudi Menuhin *Mikhail Savitsky *Chaïm Soutine *Sergey Voychenko *Ossip Zadkine Composers *Irving Berlin * Vladimir Dukelsky *Napoleon Orda Singers *Bianka *Valeria Gribusova *Alyona Lanskaya *Alexander Rybak * Teo Writers *Ales Adamovich *Svetlana Alexievich *Guillaume Apollinaire, Belarusian mother *Isaac Asimov *Maksim Bahdanovich * Francishak Bahushevich *Janka Bryl *Vasil B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Lithuanians
This is a list of Lithuanians, both people of Lithuanian descent and people with the birthplace or citizenship of Lithuania. In a case when a person was born in the territory of former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and not in the territory of modern Lithuania, only persons, who named themselves Lithuanians or were strictly connected to Lithuania in other way, are included. Arts Architecture and sculpture *Robertas Antinis Jr. (1946–) – sculptor and artist * Gediminas Baravykas (1940–1995) – one of the best-known Soviet architects * Vytautas Brėdikis (1930–) ( :lt:Vytautas Brėdikis) – planner of Antakalnis and Lazdynai microdistricts in Vilnius * Algimantas Bublys (1941–) ( :lt:Algimantas Bublys) – well known for his modern architecture both in Lithuania and the U.S. *Vincas Grybas (1890–1940) – influential early monumental sculptor *Laurynas Gucevičius (1753–1798) – architect of Vilnius Cathedral * Marcus Illions (1871–1949) – carousel designe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Name Of Lithuania
The first known record of the name of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuva) is in a 9 March 1009 story of Saint Bruno recorded in the Quedlinburg Chronicle ( la, Annales Quedlinburgenses). The Chronicle recorded a Latinized form of the Old Church Slavonic word for Lithuania— (''Litva'')—Latinized as ''Litva'' (pronounced ). Although it is clear the name originated from a Baltic language, scholars still debate the meaning of the word. Historic usage During the 13th century the Duchy of Lithuania was bordered by Slavic lands. The Slavs did not create the name; they used the existing Lithuanian ethnonym. The Lithuanian diphthong -''ie''- has, in Slavic languages, shifted to the vowel -''i''- (), and the short -''u''- became extra-short (reduced) -''ŭ''- () which, being unstressed, later disappeared from the East Slavic, hence ''Litva''. This is evidence that the Slavs borrowed this ethnonym from Lithuanians a long time ago. During the next century, Lithuania's name was recorded in other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lettow
Lettow was a by-name given to a few Pomeranian nobles from a noble family from Vorbeck who went to assist Algirdas and Vytautas, the Great Dukes of Lithuania, in the 14th century. ''Lettow'' meant " Lithuania" in the Saxon language, and it appears in the General Prologue to '' The Canterbury Tales'', wherein it is said of the Knight, a veteran of the Baltic Crusades: "Ful ofte tyme he hadde the bord bigonne / Aboven alle nacions in Pruce; / In Lettow hadde he reysed, and in Ruce, / No Cristen man so ofte of his degree." With a few variants like Lettau, Lettaw, Litav, Littauer or Littawer, it was also adopted by some other Vorbe(c)ks in Pomerania as a surname. In Lithuania, later on, it was spelled Lettowt or Letowt, before the 20th century Lithuanian surname policy changed it to Letautas. John Lettou was a 15h century bookbinder and printer in England, presumably from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Today, most people with the surname Lettow live in Germany and the United Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lettau (surname)
The name Lettau, like its variants Lettow and Lettou, derives from a medieval Saxon name for Lithuania. It appears in the General Prologue to ''The Canterbury Tales'', wherein it is said of the Knight, a veteran of the Baltic Crusades: "Ful ofte tyme he hadde the bord bigonne / Aboven alle nacions in Pruce; / In Lettow hadde he reysed, and in Ruce, / No Cristen man so ofte of his degree." Lettau was the German name for the village of Litwa Litwa (województwo warmińsko-mazurskie) near Włodowo (Waltersdorf) in the , formerly part of the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th-century Printers
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian dates from 1 January 1401 ( MCDI) to 31 December 1500 ( MD). In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the "European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy. The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century. Constantinople, known as the capital of the world an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
