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John Bő
John (II) from the kindred Bő ( hu, Bő nembeli (II.) János; died September/October 1282) was a Hungarian nobleman in the 13th century. Family John (II) was born into the so-called Túz (or Somogy) branch of the ''gens'' (clan) Bő, which originated from Somogy County, and was one of the ancient ethnic Hungarian kindreds which had participated in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in late 9th century. His father was Izsép, a confidant of Duke Coloman, King Béla IV's younger brother. John had a brother Henry and an unidentified sister. John II had two sons – Trepk and John III – from his marriage with an unidentified noblewoman. Through Trepk, he was ancestor of the Túz de Lak family, along with other less significant families.Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Bő 1., Somogy branch 1–3.) Life Both Izsép and John participated in the Battle of Mohi on 11 April 1241, where the Mongol invaders measured heavy defeat on the Hungarian royal army. Both of them foug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bő (genus)
Bő was the name of a ''gens'' (Latin for "clan"; ''nemzetség'' in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary, which initially possessed landholdings and villages in Somogy County. Among other families, the Túz de Lak noble family descended from them. History Archaeologist Kálmán Magyar argued the Bő clan was one of the ancient ethnic Hungarian kindreds which had participated in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in late 9th century. Along with chieftain Bogát's kinship, they settled in Somogy County south to Somogyvár and centered around Bő (present-day wasteland near Somogyjád). Felsőbő and Alsóbő (lit. "Upper Bő" and "Lower Bő", respectively) are today part of the village Bodrog. Historian György Györffy considered Bő, ancestor of the kindred belonged to the escort of Bogát and occupied the northern watersheds between Lake Balaton and the Drava river. According to Györffy, the name Bő derived from the same ancient Hungarian word means "rich". Members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judge Royal
The judge royal, also justiciar,Rady 2000, p. 49. chief justiceSegeš 2002, p. 202. or Lord Chief JusticeFallenbüchl 1988, p. 145. (german: Oberster Landesrichter,Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 72. hu, országbíró,Zsoldos 2011, p. 26. sk, krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, la, curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially. There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrew, Duke Of Slavonia
Andrew, Duke of Slavonia ( hu, András szlavóniai herceg; 1268–1278) was the youngest son of King Stephen V of Hungary and his wife, Elizabeth the Cuman. Two rebellious lords kidnapped him in 1274 in an attempt to play him off against his brother, Ladislaus IV of Hungary, but the king's supporters liberated him. He was styled "Duke of Slavonia and Croatia" in a 1274 letter. Years after his death (in 1290 and in 1317), two adventurers claimed to be identical with Andrew, but both failed. Family Andrew was born in 1268. He was the second son (and youngest child) of Stephen V, the junior king of Hungary at the time of Andrew's birth. The senior king was Andrew's grandfather Béla IV. Andrew's mother was Stephen's wife, Elizabeth the Cuman. Andrew's father, Stephen, became the sole King of Hungary in 1270, but died two years later. Stephen was succeeded by his elder son (Andrew's ten-year-old brother) Ladislaus IV. In theory, Ladislaus's ruled under the regency of his mother, E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry I Kőszegi
Henry (I) Kőszegi from the kindred Héder ( hu, Héder nembeli (I.) Kőszegi Henrik, hr, Henrik II. Gisingovac, german: Heinrich II. von Güns; died 26/29 September 1274), commonly known as Henry the Great, was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century, founder and first member of the powerful Kőszegi family. Henry was one of the most notable earlier "oligarchs", who ruled ''de facto'' independently their dominion during the era of feudal anarchy. In his early career, Henry was the most loyal sidekick for King Béla IV, who drifted into a civil war with his son and heir Duke Stephen. Following the death of Béla IV in 1270, Henry went into exile to Bohemia. Stephen V died suddenly in 1272 thus Henry was able to return to Hungary. He became a central figure in the internal conflicts between the rival baronial groups. He brutally massacred Béla of Macsó in November 1272 and later also kidnapped the six-year-old Duke Andrew in July 1274. Henry was ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Föveny
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladislaus IV Of Hungary
Ladislaus IV ( hu, IV. (Kun) László, hr, Ladislav IV. Kumanac, sk, Ladislav IV. Kumánsky; 5 August 1262 – 10 July 1290), also known as Ladislaus the Cuman, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of a chieftain from the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hungary. At the age of seven, he married Elisabeth (or Isabella), a daughter of King Charles I of Sicily. Ladislaus was only 10 when a rebellious lord, Joachim Gutkeled, kidnapped and imprisoned him. Ladislaus was still a prisoner when his father Stephen V died on 6 August 1272. During his minority, many groupings of barons — primarily the Abas, Csáks, Kőszegis, and Gutkeleds — fought against each other for supreme power. Ladislaus was declared to be of age at an assembly of the prelates, barons, noblemen, and Cumans in 1277. He allied himself with Rudolf I of Germany against Ottokar II of Bohemia. His forces had a preeminent role in Rudolf's victory over Ottoka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castle Folk (Kingdom Of Hungary)
The castle folk ( hu, várnép, la, italic=yes, castrenses or ''civis'') formed a class of freemen who were obliged to provide well-specified services to a royal castle and its ''ispán The ispánRady 2000, p. 19.''Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517)'', p. 450. or countEngel 2001, p. 40.Curta 2006, p. 355. ( hu, ispán, la, comes or comes parochialis, and sk, župan)Kirs ...'', or count, in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. They were peasants living in villages formed in the lands pertaining to the royal castle. They tilled their estates collectively. References Sources * * * * Medieval Kingdom of Hungary {{Hungary-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Bő
Stephen from the kindred Bő ( hu, Bő nembeli István; died after 1268) was a Hungarian nobleman in the 13th century. Family Stephen was born into the so-called Ders branch of the ''gens'' (clan) Bő, which originated from Somogy County, and was one of the ancient ethnic Hungarian kindreds which had participated in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in late 9th century. His father was a certain Ders, whose parentage is unknown. Stephen had an unidentified sister. Although Stephen originated from a relatively less significant branch of the Bő clan, his sister married Gregory II Monoszló, a prominent landowner in Southern Transdanubia and Slavonia. The marriage resulted the rapid political and social grow of Stephen's two sons Michael and Peter "the Toothed" by the end of the 14th century, as their cousins were the influential barons Egidius, Gregory III and prelate Peter Monoszló. When the latter became Bishop of Transylvania, Michael Bő was made as his grand p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence, Son Of Kemény
Lawrence, son of Kemény ( hu, Kemény fia Lőrinc; died after 1274) was a Hungarian influential lord and military leader in the 13th century, who held various positions in the royal court since the late 1250s. He was a skilled and loyal soldier during the reign of Béla IV of Hungary. He retained his influence in the courts of Stephen V of Hungary, Stephen V and Ladislaus IV of Hungary, Ladislaus IV too, representing a stable point in the government, when two baronial groups fought for the supreme power. Through his sons, he was ancestor of the Cseményi and Matucsinai noble families. Family Lawrence was born into a noble family, which possessed lands in southern Transdanubia, especially Baranya County (former), Baranya County. His father was Kemény (I), the first known member of the family.Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Matucsinai [Cseményi] family) He served as ''ispán'' of Nyitra County from 1234 to 1235, during the last years of King Andrew II of Hungary. Historians Gyula Pauler a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ispán
The ispánRady 2000, p. 19.''Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517)'', p. 450. or countEngel 2001, p. 40.Curta 2006, p. 355. ( hu, ispán, la, comes or comes parochialis, and sk, župan)Kirschbaum 2007, p. 315. was the leader of a castle district (a fortress and the royal lands attached to it) in the Kingdom of Hungary from the early 11th century. Most of them were also heads of the basic administrative units of the kingdom, called counties, and from the 13th century the latter function became dominant. The ''ispáns'' were appointed and dismissed by either the monarchs or a high-ranking royal official responsible for the administration of a larger territorial unit within the kingdom. They fulfilled administrative, judicial and military functions in one or more counties. Heads of counties were often represented locally by their deputies, the vice-ispánsRady 2000, p. 41. ( hu, alispán,Nemes 1989, p. 21. la, viceco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobility In The Kingdom Of Hungary
The Hungarian nobility consisted of a privileged group of individuals, most of whom owned landed property, in the Kingdom of Hungary. Initially, a diverse body of people were described as noblemen, but from the late 12th century only high-ranking royal officials were regarded as noble. Most aristocrats claimed ancestry from a late 9th century Magyar leader. Others were descended from foreign knights, and local Slavic chiefs were also integrated in the nobility. Less illustrious individuals, known as castle warriors, also held landed property and served in the royal army. From the 1170s, most privileged laymen called themselves royal servants to emphasize their direct connection to the monarchs. The Golden Bull of 1222 enacted their liberties, especially their tax-exemption and the limitation of their military obligations. From the 1220s, royal servants were associated with the nobility and the highest-ranking officials were known as barons of the realm. Only those wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Servant (Kingdom Of Hungary)
A royal servant ( hu, szerviens, la, serviens regis) was a freeman in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 13th century who owned possession and was subordinate only to the king. The expression was documented for the first time in a charter issued in 1217. By the end of the 13th century, the use of the expression ceased, and the "royal servants" merged into the nobility of the kingdom and they formed the basis of the lesser nobility. In the 11-12th centuries, the ancestors of the "royal servants" can be found among the "freemen" who provided military services to the kings and whose troops were led by the kings and not by the heads of the " royal counties". "Castle warriors" also increased the number of "royal servants" if the king liberated them from the services they had been obliged to provide to the heads of the royal castles. Even serfs could receive their liberties provided that the king not only liberated them personally but also granted them possessions. The "royal servants'" fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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