Bő was the name of a ''gens'' (Latin for "clan"; ''nemzetség'' in Hungarian) in the
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...
, which initially possessed landholdings and villages in
Somogy County
Somogy ( hu, Somogy megye, ; hr, Šomođska županija; sl, Šomodska županija, german: Komitat Schomodei) is an administrative county (comitatus or ''megye'') in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary.
Somogy County lies ...
. Among other families, the
Túz de Lak noble family descended from them.
History
Archaeologist Kálmán Magyar argued the Bő clan was one of the ancient ethnic Hungarian kindreds which had participated in the
Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
The Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, also known as the Hungarian conquest or the Hungarian land-taking (), was a series of historical events ending with the settlement of the Hungarians in Central Europe in the late 9th and early 10t ...
in late 9th century. Along with chieftain Bogát's kinship, they settled in Somogy County south to
Somogyvár
Somogyvár ( hr, Šemudvar) is a village in Somogy County, Hungary.
Geography
It is situated south from Lengyeltóti, between Lengyeltóti, Öreglak and Somogyvámos.
History
It is a historical tradition that, after the death of Géza of Hun ...
and centered around Bő (present-day wasteland near
Somogyjád). Felsőbő and Alsóbő (lit. "Upper Bő" and "Lower Bő", respectively) are today part of the village
Bodrog
The Bodrog is a river in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary. It is a tributary to the river Tisza. The Bodrog is formed by the confluence of the rivers Ondava and Latorica near Zemplín in eastern Slovakia. It crosses the Slovak–Hun ...
. Historian
György Györffy
György Györffy (26 September 1917 – 19 December 2000) was a Hungarian historian, and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( hu, MTA).
Biography
Györffy was born in Szucság (Suceagu, today part of Baciu, Romania), Hungary the son o ...
considered Bő, ancestor of the kindred belonged to the escort of Bogát and occupied the northern watersheds between
Lake Balaton
Lake Balaton () is a freshwater lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations. The Zala River provides the largest inflow of water to the lake, and th ...
and the
river. According to Györffy, the name Bő derived from the same ancient Hungarian word means "rich". Members of the clan erected a monastery dedicated to the Holy Cross in Bő, at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries. By 1329, the provostship of Bő became a
place of authentication
A place of authentication ( hu, hiteleshely; la, locus credibilis) was a characteristic institution of medieval Hungarian law. Places of authentication were cathedral chapters and monasteries
A monastery is a building or complex of buildin ...
. The ruins of the monastery was excavated by Kálmán Magyar between 1979 and 1982.
Izsép (Túz) branch
The first known members of the kindred appeared in contemporary records only in the early 13th century. Two branches – Túz (or Izsép) and Ders – elevated by that time.
Izsép, son of John, entered the service of Prince
Coloman Coloman, es, Colomán (german: Koloman (also Slovak, Czech, Croatian), it, Colomanno, ca, Colomà; hu, Kálmán)
The Germanic origin name Coloman used by Germans since the 9th century.
* Coloman, King of Hungary
* Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria ...
, King
Béla IV
Béla may refer to:
* Béla (crater), an elongated lunar crater
* Béla (given name), a common Hungarian male given name
See also
* Bela (disambiguation)
* Belá (disambiguation)
* Bělá (disambiguation) Bělá, derived from ''bílá'' (''whit ...
's brother. Izsép acquired a portion of the village
Gyugy in the 1230s. Local traditions say he built the still preserved church there. He was killed in the
Battle of Mohi
The Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241), also known as Battle of the Sajó River''A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East'', Vol. I, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), 279; "Although Mongol losses in t ...
. He had three children:
John II John II may refer to:
People
* John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (1455–1499)
* John II Casimir Vasa of Poland (1609–1672)
* John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch (died 1302)
* John II Doukas of Thessaly (1303–1318)
* John II Komnenos (1087–1 ...
(fl. 1241–82), Henry and a daughter.
[Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Bő 1., Somogy branch 1–3.)] John II, who survived the aforementioned battle, inherited his father's possessions in Somogy County, including Bő with its clan monastery, half of
Magyari (today Buzsák) and a portion of Gyugy. John also owned portions in the nearby villages
Szentmárton (today part of Mezőcsokonya) and Bodrog. As a
daughters' quarter The daughters' quarter, also known as filial quarter ( hu, leánynegyed; la, quarta filialis), was the legal doctrine that regulated the right of a Hungarian nobleman's daughter to inherit her father's property.
Origins
One of the laws of the ...
, John handed over both properties to his unidentified sister. John sold the land Terebezd and the
right of patronage
The right of patronage (in Latin ''jus patronatus'' or ''ius patronatus'') in canon law (Catholic Church), Roman Catholic canon law is a set of rights and obligations of someone, known as the patron in connection with a gift of land (benefice). I ...
over the Bő monastery to
vice-judge royal Nicholas Tengerdi in 1257. John became one of the leading noblemen of Somogy County by the early 1260s, acted as judge in various local lawsuits. For his loyal service, he was granted the other half of Magyari by Béla IV in 1268. John was a faithful soldier of King
Ladislaus IV too, who donated a portion of
Kölked to him in 1274. By that time, John also owned the villages Csavonya and Őr.
John II had two sons: Trepk and John III. Although Trepk remained nominally loyal to Ladislaus IV then
Andrew III
Andrew III the Venetian ( hu, III. Velencei András, hr, Andrija III. Mlečanin, sk, Ondrej III.; 1265 – 14 January 1301) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1290 and 1301. His father, Stephen the Posthumous, was the posthumous son of ...
, alongside other local nobles, he was forced to acknowledge the legitimacy of the court of
oligarch Henry Kőszegi, who extended his influence over southeastern Transdanubia, including Somogy County by the early 14th century. It is possible that Trepk divided his fortune between his sons Peter I, John IV, Stephen and Nicholas. They were ancestors of the Létai, Túz de Lak, Kürtösi (Messer) and Sörnyei families, respectively. Peter was a
page
Page most commonly refers to:
* Page (paper), one side of a leaf of paper, as in a book
Page, PAGE, pages, or paging may also refer to:
Roles
* Page (assistance occupation), a professional occupation
* Page (servant), traditionally a young m ...
in the royal court of
Charles I of Hungary
Charles I, also known as Charles Robert ( hu, Károly Róbert; hr, Karlo Robert; sk, Karol Róbert; 128816 July 1342) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1308 to his death. He was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou and the only son of ...
. He possessed landholdings in Szőcsény and Léta (today part of
Somogyzsitfa). His brother John IV owned the area of Kölked and
Lak. His elder son Peter II ("the Túz") was the progenitor of the Túz family, which flourished in the second half of the 15th century, elevating into the most powerful families for a brief time. Another son Andrew was murdered by a local noble Stephen Kéthelyi in 1348. Trepk's third son Stephen owned Kürtös (today part of
Pusztakovácsi). The Kürtösi family split into several sub-branches in the upcoming decades. The fourth son Nicholas possessed Sörnye (today part of
Somogysárd). One of his sons Michael served as
vice-judge royal during the reign of
Louis I Louis I may refer to:
* Louis the Pious, Louis I of France, "the Pious" (778–840), king of France and Holy Roman Emperor
* Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia (ruled 1123–1140)
* Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158)
* Louis I of Blois ( ...
. His another son Andrew functioned as provost of Bő, when he was "brutally attacked" by a local noble Andrew Deák ("''literatus''") in 1377.
Family tree
*John I
**
Izsép (fl. 1226–41†), Master of the cupbearers for
Prince Coloman, killed in the
Battle of Mohi
The Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241), also known as Battle of the Sajó River''A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East'', Vol. I, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), 279; "Although Mongol losses in t ...
***
John II John II may refer to:
People
* John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (1455–1499)
* John II Casimir Vasa of Poland (1609–1672)
* John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch (died 1302)
* John II Doukas of Thessaly (1303–1318)
* John II Komnenos (1087–1 ...
(fl. 1241–82†), killed in the
Battle of Lake Hód
The Battle of Lake Hód ( hu, Hód-tavi csata) was a battle between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Cumans in September or October 1282. King Ladislaus IV of Hungary successfully repelled the invaders.
Background
In the midst of imminent danger of ...
****Trepk (fl. 1274–1309)
*****Peter I (fl. 1313–31), ancestor of the ''Létai'' family
*****John IV (fl. 1324–29)
******Peter II ("Túz"; fl. 1331–49), ancestor of the ''Túz'' family
******Andrew (fl. 1348†)
*****Stephen (fl. 1324–49) ∞ Csalka of Egude, ancestors of the ''Kürtösi'' family, and its cadet branches: ''Szöcsényi'', ''Messer de Kölked'' and ''Izsép de Kürtös'' families
*****Nicholas (fl. 1324–49), ancestor of the ''Sörnyei'' family
****John III (fl. 1302)
***Henry, owner of
Kölked
****James (fl. 1276)
****Jakó (fl. 1276)
***daughter ∞ Aladar of Bay
Ders branch
The other known branch descended from
Stephen
Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; ...
, the son of Ders. He served as ''curialis comes'' of Somogy County in 1266, a precursor office of the position
vice-''ispán'' (''de facto'' administrator of the county). A contemporary of his distant relative John II (see above), Stephen was one of the four noble judges ( hu, szolgabíró) in Somogy County since the early 1260s.
Although Stephen originated from a relatively less significant branch of the Bő clan, his sister married
Gregory II Monoszló
Gregory (II) from the kindred Monoszló ( hu, Monoszló nembeli (II.) Gergely; died after 1256) was a Hungarian noble, who served as ''ispán'' of Krassó County in 1255.
Biography
Gregory II was born into the ''gens'' Monoszló as the son of T ...
, a prominent landowner in
Southern Transdanubia
Southern Transdanubia ( hu, Dél-Dunántúl) is a statistical ( NUTS 2) region of Hungary. It is part of the Transdanubia (NUTS 1) region. Southern Transdanubia includes the counties of Somogy, Tolna, and Baranya. Its capital is the city of Pécs ...
and
Slavonia
Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja ...
. The marriage resulted the rapid political and social grow of Stephen's two sons
Michael
Michael may refer to:
People
* Michael (given name), a given name
* Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael
Given name "Michael"
* Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian an ...
and
Peter "the Toothed" by the end of the 14th century, as their cousins were the influential barons
Egidius,
Gregory III and prelate
Peter Monoszló
Peter (II) from the kindred Monoszló ( hu, Monoszló nembeli (II.) Péter; 1240s – 27 November 1307) was a Hungarian prelate, who served as the Bishop of Transylvania from 1270 until his death. The current St. Michael's Cathedral in Gyulafehé ...
. When the latter became
Bishop of Transylvania
:''There is also a Romanian Orthodox Archbishop of Alba Iulia and a Greek Catholic Archdiocese of Făgăraş and Alba Iulia.''
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Alba Iulia ( hu, Gyulafehérvári Római Katolikus Érsekség) is a Latin Church Cat ...
, Michael Bő was made as his grand provost. Subsequently, he served as
Bishop of Zagreb
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb ( hr, Zagrebačka nadbiskupija, la, Archidioecesis Zagrebiensis) is the central archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Croatia, centered in the capital city Zagreb. It is the metropolitan see of Croatia, a ...
, then
Archbishop of Esztergom
In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdioc ...
. Peter functioned as
Count of the Székelys
The Count of the Székelys ( hu, székelyispán, la, comes Sicolorum) was the leader of the Hungarian-speaking Székelys in Transylvania, in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. First mentioned in royal charters of the 13th century, the counts wer ...
. In his last will and testament, Egidius donated Darnóc Castle (today Slatinski Drenovac, Croatia) to his cousins in 1298, however both Peter and Michael predeceased him without male descendants.
Family tree
*Ders
**
Stephen
Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; ...
(fl. 1266–68), noble judge of
Somogy County
Somogy ( hu, Somogy megye, ; hr, Šomođska županija; sl, Šomodska županija, german: Komitat Schomodei) is an administrative county (comitatus or ''megye'') in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary.
Somogy County lies ...
***
Michael
Michael may refer to:
People
* Michael (given name), a given name
* Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael
Given name "Michael"
* Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian an ...
(fl. 1270–1304†),
Bishop of Zagreb
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb ( hr, Zagrebačka nadbiskupija, la, Archidioecesis Zagrebiensis) is the central archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Croatia, centered in the capital city Zagreb. It is the metropolitan see of Croatia, a ...
, then
Archbishop of Esztergom
In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdioc ...
***
Peter
Peter may refer to:
People
* List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name
* Peter (given name)
** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church
* Peter (surname), a sur ...
("the Toothed"; fl. 1294–1299/1300),
Count of the Székelys
The Count of the Székelys ( hu, székelyispán, la, comes Sicolorum) was the leader of the Hungarian-speaking Székelys in Transylvania, in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. First mentioned in royal charters of the 13th century, the counts wer ...
**daughter ∞
Gregory Monoszló
Other members
There were also some members of the clan, whose relationship with the two known branches is unknown. A certain Gregory acted as conciliator in a lawsuit in Somogy County in 1254. Another member Gige – possibly eponymous owner of
Gige
In computer networking, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is the term applied to transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second. The most popular variant, 1000BASE-T, is defined by the IEEE 802.3ab standard. It came into use i ...
– bought a portion of
Főnyed in 1328. Michael, son of Cosmas owned portions in Bő and Jád. He sold half of these possessions to his brother-in-law, a certain Ladislaus, son of Zoltán in 1328.
References
Sources
*
*
*
*
*
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