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Johann Friedrich Stöver
Johann Friedrich (Hans) Stöver ( Bremen, German Empire, 9 August 1899 - Bremen, Germany 1981) was a German camp commander. During World War II Stöver was '' SS-Schutzhaftlagerführer I'' in Kamp Amersfoort concentration camp. He was second in command under '' Lagerkommandant, SS-Obersturmführer'' Walter Heinrich. Stöver had previously been ''SS-Untersturmführer'' and ''kriminalsekretär'' of Kamp Schoorl concentration camp and was known as a notoriously cruel man. Nicknamed "''de Blaffer''" ("the Barker"), he took pleasure in entering the barracks at night, "roaring" at the prisoners. In Kamp Amersfoort he was often in charge, because Heinrich regularly stayed outside the camp. He was 'trained' by two SS men from Dachau concentration camp, who were transferred by Heinrich to 'teach the guards how to deal with the prisoners'. According to a witness statement, Stöver killed at least one Soviet-prisoner of war with his own hands, by smashing his brains in with a piece o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schutzhaftlagerführer
''Schutzhaftlagerführer'' (head of the "preventive detention camp") was a paramilitary title of the SS, specific to the concentration and extermination camps '' Totenkopfverbande'' ("Death's-Head units"). A ''Schutzhaftlagerführer'' was in charge of the economic function of the camp. Usually, there was more than one SS man performing that function at each location due to their enormous size. ''Schutzhaftlagerführers'' received orders from the central offices in Berlin, such as DEST run directly by the SS. Prisoners' lives were entirely in their hands. Their orders, which usually involved routine maltreatment of condemned victims, were carried out through "assignments" so they would not have to deal with the dead resulting from them. The ''Schutzhaftlagerführer'' and his adjutant were responsible for the operation of the camp. The ''Schutzhaftlagerführer'' had to maintain order, take care of daily routines, roll calls and so on. Under him were the ''Rapportführer'', the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamp Schoorl
Schoorl transit camp ( nl, Kamp Schoorl, german: Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Schoorl), originally a Dutch army camp (1939–1940), was a Nazi concentration camp (1940–1941) near the village of Schoorl in the Netherlands. History ''Kamp Schoorl'' was built in 1939 as a Dutch army camp. Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands from May 1940 until May 1945. Among the prisoners were people from The Netherlands, England, Belgium and France. After a few months the French and the Belgians were released. In September 1940 the English prisoners were transferred to a German camp in the Polish town of Toszek. The first Jews captured during the razzia (pogrom) of 22 and 23 February 1941 in Amsterdam () were transferred to the camp in an army truck. The group of 425 people only stayed for four days after which they were transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp where in June 1941 they were again transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp. Only two of this group survived the war. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Atrocities Committed Against Soviet Prisoners Of War
During World War II, Nazi Germany engaged in a policy of deliberate maltreatment of Soviet prisoners of war (POWs), in contrast to their general treatment of British and American POWs. This policy, which amounted to deliberately starving and working to death Soviet POWs, the bulk of whom were Slavs, was grounded in Nazi racial theory, which depicted Slavs as sub-humans (''Untermenschen''). The policy resulted in some 3.3 to 3.5 million deaths.Peter Calvocoressi, Guy Wint, ''Total War'' — "The total number of prisoners taken by the German armies in the USSR was in the region of 5.7 million. Of these, the astounding number of 3.5 million or more had been lost by the middle of 1944 and the assumption must be that they were either deliberately killed or done to death by criminal negligence. Nearly two million of them died in camps and close on another million disappeared while in military custody either in the USSR or in rear areas; a further quarter of a million disappeared or di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Of War Collections
The Network of War Collections ( nl, Netwerk Oorlogsbronnen, NOB) is a partnership of over 250 archival institutions, museums, remembrance centers and libraries in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the former Dutch colonial empire, and internationally to bring together scattered collections of resources pertaining to World War II. The network is financed by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport and receives a contribution from the National Fund for Peace, Freedom and Veteran Care. The 12 million sources of information accumulated by the NOB include artifacts, original photographs, diaries, newspaper articles, films, letters, brochures, and posters, which are sorted into themes of resistance, captivity, collaboration, life under German and Japanese occupations, liberation, warfare, international events, The Holocaust and persecution, the lead-up to and aftermath of WWII, and the Indonesian War of Independence. Oorlogsbronnen.nl Facilitated by the NIOD Institute for War, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capital Punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that the person is responsible for violating norms that warrant said punishment. The sentence ordering that an offender is to be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence, and the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. A prisoner who has been sentenced to death and awaits execution is ''condemned'' and is commonly referred to as being "on death row". Crimes that are punishable by death are known as ''capital crimes'', ''capital offences'', or ''capital felonies'', and vary depending on the jurisdiction, but commonly include serious crimes against the person, such as murder, mass murder, aggravated cases of rape (often including child sexual abuse), terrorism, aircraft hijacking, war crimes, crimes against h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breda
Breda () is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant. The name derived from ''brede Aa'' ('wide Aa' or 'broad Aa') and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa. Breda has 185,072 inhabitants on 13 September 2022 and is part of the Brabantse Stedenrij; it is the ninth largest city/municipality in the country, and the third largest in North Brabant after Eindhoven and Tilburg. It is equidistant between Rotterdam and Antwerp. As a fortified city, it was of strategic military and political significance. Although a direct Fiefdom of the Holy Roman Emperor, the city obtained a municipal charter; the acquisition of Breda, through marriage, by the House of Nassau ensured that Breda would be at the centre of political and social life in the Low Countries. Breda had a population of in ; the metropolitan area had a population of . History In the 11th century, Breda was a direct fief of the Holy Roman Emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bijzonder Gerechtshof
The Bijzonder Gerechtshof (Dutch for "Special Court of Justice") was a special court that was established in the Netherlands to try defendants accused of committing high treason, treason and war crimes immediately after the country's liberation during the Second Word War. There were 14,000 such cases, and 145 of them led to sentence of death. Only 42 of those cases actually led to an execution by a firing squad. They were the last instances of capital punishment in the Netherlands. A few people who were famously sentenced to death and actually executed were Max Blokzijl, Anton Mussert and Ans van Dijk (the only woman to be executed). {{Europe-law-stub Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ... Military history of the Netherlands 20th century in the Netherl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Life Imprisonment
Life imprisonment is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted people are to remain in prison for the rest of their natural lives or indefinitely until pardoned, paroled, or otherwise commuted to a fixed term. Crimes for which, in some countries, a person could receive this sentence include murder, torture, terrorism, child abuse resulting in death, rape, espionage, treason, drug trafficking, drug possession, human trafficking, severe fraud and financial crimes, aggravated criminal damage, arson, kidnapping, burglary, and robbery, piracy, aircraft hijacking, and genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or any three felonies in case of three-strikes law. Life imprisonment (as a maximum term) can also be imposed, in certain countries, for traffic offences causing death. Life imprisonment is not used in all countries; Portugal was the first country to abolish life imprisonment, in 1884. Where life imprisonment is a possible sentence, there may als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Peter Berg
Karl Peter Berg (Bad Honnef, German Empire, 18 April 1907 – Weesperkarspel, The Netherlands, 22 November 1949) was a German camp commander, who was sentenced to death after World War II for war crimes committed during the German occupation of the Netherlands. During World War II he was a member of the SS, the military branch of the German Nazi Party, with the rank of ''SS-Hauptscharführer''. From June 1941 until its abolition in October 1941 he was commander of Kamp Schoorl concentration camp. Later on Berg came to Kamp Amersfoort concentration camp and became ''Schutzhaftlagerführer II'' (second deputy commander) under ''SS-Obersturmführer'' Walter Heinrich. Due to Heinrich's illness, he was soon appointed as ''Stellvertretener Schutzhaftlagerführer'' (deputy commander) and in 1943 he succeeded Heinrich as ''Lagerkommandant''. Berg rarely involved himself in atrocities in Kamp Schoorl, but in Amersfoort he frequently mistreated prisoners himself. The no less infamou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Johann Kotalla
Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the modern-day Nordic countries. In Portuguese and Spanish, the name is "José". In Arabic, including in the Quran, the name is spelled '' Yūsuf''. In Persian, the name is "Yousef". The name has enjoyed significant popularity in its many forms in numerous countries, and ''Joseph'' was one of the two names, along with ''Robert'', to have remained in the top 10 boys' names list in the US from 1925 to 1972. It is especially common in contemporary Israel, as either "Yossi" or "Yossef", and in Italy, where the name "Giuseppe" was the most common male name in the 20th century. In the first century CE, Joseph was the second most popular male name for Palestine Jews. In the Book of Genesis Joseph is Jacob's eleventh son and Rachel's first son, and k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusillade
A fusillade is the simultaneous and continuous firing of a group of firearms on command. It stems from the French word ''fusil'', meaning firearm, and ''fusiller'' meaning to shoot. In the context of military tactics, the term is generally used to refer to a type of organized and concentrated gunfire from a military unit armed with small arms, and initiated by a command from a commanding officer. The term can also be used as a verb, as in "to fusillade an enemy position". Suppressing fire (done in conjunction with fire and movement) is often in the form of a fusillade. Related terms *Salvo or broadside refers to the simultaneous fire of naval artillery. * Barrage or cannonade refers to a land-based artillery strike. *Volley indicates a ''singular'' simultaneous discharge of a group of small arms, which is then followed by a short interval for reloading. The command to fire is re-issued before each individual volley to preserve organization. This was commonly used during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Execution By Firing Squad
Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading (from the French ''fusil'', rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly. A firing squad is normally composed of several soldiers, all of whom are usually instructed to fire simultaneously, thus preventing both disruption of the process by one member and identification of who fired the lethal shot. To avoid disfigurement due to multiple shots to the head, the shooters are typically instructed to aim at the heart, sometimes aided by a paper or cloth target. The prisoner is typically blindfolded or hooded as well as restrained. Media portrayals have frequently shown the condemned being offered a final cigarette as well. Executions can be carried out with the condemned either standing or sitt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
