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Johann Eccarius
Johann Georg Eccarius (also known as John George Eccarius; 23 August 1818 – 5 March 1889) was a Thuringian tailor and labour activist. Eccarius was a member of the League of the Just and later of the Communist League before becoming General Secretary of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA), commonly known as the First International, in 1867. Biography Early years Johann Georg Eccarius, also known by the Anglicized name John George Eccarius, was born on 23 August 1818 in Friedrichroda, Thuringia (today part of Germany). Political career Eccarius was a member of the League of the Just and later of the Communist League. On 28 September 1864, Eccarius was a participant at the first meeting of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA) at St. Martin's Hall in London.Irene Bach (ed.), "Johann Georg (John George) Eccarius," in Institute of Marxism-Leninism of the CC, CPSU, ''The General Council of the First International, 1866-1868: Minutes.'' Moscow: Progress Pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thuringia
Thuringia (; german: Thüringen ), officially the Free State of Thuringia ( ), is a state of central Germany, covering , the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It has a population of about 2.1 million. Erfurt is the capital and largest city. Other cities are Jena, Gera and Weimar. Thuringia is bordered by Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony. It has been known as "the green heart of Germany" () from the late 19th century due to its broad, dense forest. Most of Thuringia is in the Saale drainage basin, a left-bank tributary of the Elbe. Thuringia is home to the Rennsteig, Germany's best-known hiking trail. Its winter resort of Oberhof makes it a well-equipped winter sports destination – half of Germany's 136 Winter Olympic gold medals had been won by Thuringian athletes as of 2014. Thuringia was favoured by or was the birthplace of three key intellectuals and leaders in the arts: Johann Sebastian Bach, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Fried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land And Labour League
The Land and Labour League was formed in October 1869 by a group of radical trade unionists affiliated to the International Working Men's Association. Its formation was precipitated by discussion of the land question at the Basle Congress of 1869. The League advocated the full nationalisation of land, and was for a brief time the centre of a working class republican network in London, with its own paper, ''The Republican''. Despite petering out by 1873 the League had some radicalising impact on the Land Tenure Reform Association established by John Stuart Mill, which adopted a policy of taxing the unearned increment on land value under pressure from the League. Patrick Hennessey, an Irish trade unionist, was the League's President. The secretaries were Martin J. Boon and John Weston, and the treasurer was Johann Eccarius. Its executives included the republicans Charles Bradlaugh and George Odger. Benjamin Lucraft Benjamin Lucraft (28 November 1809 – 25 September 1897) was a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Communists
German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Germanic peoples (Roman times) * German language **any of the Germanic languages * German cuisine, traditional foods of Germany People * German (given name) * German (surname) * Germán, a Spanish name Places * German (parish), Isle of Man * German, Albania, or Gërmej * German, Bulgaria * German, Iran * German, North Macedonia * German, New York, U.S. * Agios Germanos, Greece Other uses * German (mythology), a South Slavic mythological being * Germans (band), a Canadian rock band * "German" (song), a 2019 song by No Money Enterprise * ''The German'', a 2008 short film * "The Germans", an episode of ''Fawlty Towers'' * ''The German'', a nickname for Congolese rebel André Kisase Ngandu See also * Germanic (other) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Friedrichroda
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1889 Deaths
Events January–March * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the Dakotas. * January 4 – An Act to Regulate Appointments in the Marine Hospital Service of the United States is signed by President Grover Cleveland. It establishes a Commissioned Corps of officers, as a predecessor to the modern-day U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. * January 5 – Preston North End F.C. is declared the winner of the The Football League 1888–89, inaugural Football League in England. * January 8 – Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine in the United States. * January 15 – The Coca-Cola Company is originally Incorporation (business), incorporated as the Pemberton Medicine Company in Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. * January 22 – Columbia Phonograph is formed in Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1818 Births
Events January–March * January 1 ** Battle of Koregaon: Troops of the British East India Company score a decisive victory over the Maratha Empire. ** Mary Shelley's ''Frankenstein'' is published anonymously in London. * January 2 – The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded. * January 3 (21:52 UTC) – Venus occults Jupiter. It is the last occultation of one planet by another before November 22, 2065. * January 6 – The Treaty of Mandeswar brings an end to the Third Anglo-Maratha War, ending the dominance of Marathas, and enhancing the power of the British East India Company, which controls territory occupied by 180 million Indians. * January 11 – Percy Bysshe Shelley's ''Ozymandias'' is published pseudonymously in London. * January 12 – The Dandy horse (''Laufmaschine'' bicycle) is invented by Karl Drais in Mannheim. * February 3 – Jeremiah Chubb is granted a British patent for the Chubb detector lock. * February 5 – Upon his death, K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Hales (trade Unionist)
John Hales (1839 – fl.1882) was a British trade unionist and radical activist who served as secretary of the International Workingmen's Association. Born in Ireland,Bernard Cook, "Hales, John", in: Hales came to prominence as the leader of the small Elastic Web Weavers of London union. He championed the right of women to join the union, something so opposed by a minority that they falsely accused him of embezzlement. He was suspended while an investigation took place, but was cleared. In 1866, he became an early member of the International Workingmen's Association's (IWMA) General Council, and he persuaded his union to affiliate to the association later the same year.Henry Collins and Chimen Abramsky, ''Karl Marx and the British Labour Movement'', pp.73, 85 Also interested in land reform, he proposed that it work with supporters of Bronterre O'Brien to create a Labour League to act as the British section of the international. Karl Marx spoke against the proposal, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manhood Suffrage League
The Manhood Suffrage League was a nineteenth-century ultra-radical and, later, socialist club. The organisation was founded in 1874 as the Democratic and Trades Alliance Association. Most of its initial members were tailors or shoemakers based in Soho, many had been active Chartists and, later, supporters of James Bronterre O'Brien, and almost all were active in the First International. They included Maltman Barry, Johann Eccarius, Robert Gammage, John Bedford Leno, Charles Murray, James Murray, John Rogers, William Townshend and Henry Travis. In 1875, the club renamed itself as the "Manhood Suffrage League", taking its name from the northern section of the Reform League. Around this time, Frank Kitz came into contact with the group. In 1877, Maltman Barry, by then the club's secretary, became an outspoken supporter of the Tory campaign to intervene in the Russo-Turkish War. Much of the group objected to this, and the organisation ceased to function by the end of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Shaw (labour Leader)
Robert Shaw may refer to: Academia and science * Robert Shaw (physicist) (born 1946), American physicist * Robert Sidey Shaw (1871–1953), president of the Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, 1928–1941 Arts and literature * Robert Gottschall (1915–2005), American actor also known as Bob Shaw and Robert Shaw * Robert Shaw (actor) (1927–1978), English actor * Rob Shaw (filmmaker), American animator, and director of music videos, commercials, and short films * Robert J. Shaw (1917–1996), American television writer * Bob Shaw (1931–1996), Irish science fiction writer * Robert Shaw (poet) (born 1933), British poet, jazz musician, and pioneer of poetry-and-jazz fusion * Robert Shaw (blues musician) (1908–1985), American blues and boogie-woogie pianist * Robert Shaw (conductor) (1916–1999), American conductor * Bob Shaw (production designer), American production designer Business * Robert Gould Shaw II (1872–1930), wealthy Massachusetts landow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
League Of The Just
The League of the Just (German: ''Bund der Gerechten'') or League of Justice was a Christian communist international revolutionary organization. It was founded in 1836 by branching off from its ancestor, the League of Outlaws (German: ''Bund der Geächteten''), which had formed in Paris in 1834. The League of the Just was largely composed of German emigrant artisans. In 1847, the League of the Just merged with the Communist Correspondence Committee (German: ''Kommunistisches Korrespondenzkomitee''), an organization led by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, creating the Communist League. The new group tasked Marx and Engels with writing a political platform for itself. The resulting document was ''The Communist Manifesto''. History Jacob Venedey and Theodore Schuster founded the League of Outlaws in Paris in 1834. They modeled the organization closely after Philippe Buonarroti's vision of the "Universal Democratic Carbonari" as an egalitarian international revolutionary fello ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Council Of The International Workingmen's Association
The General Council of the International Workingmen's Association was formed on October 5 1864 following the St. Martin's Hall Meeting held the previous week. The Universal League for the Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes The Universal League for the Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes was a 19th-century English political movement and organization. It was founded on 14 December 1863 by Marquis Townshend, who was one of the few aristocrats to support the ... provided a base for them to operate from at 18 Greek Street.Leventhal F. M. (1971) ''Respectable Radical'' London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson References International Workingmen's Association {{trade-union-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as '' Londinium'' and retains its medieval boundaries.See also: Independent city § National capitals The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority.The Greater London Authority consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The London Mayor is distinguished fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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