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Jerzy Makowiecki
Jerzy Zdzisław Makowiecki, alias Tomasz Malicki, Wokulski, Tomasz, Dołęga, Kuncewicz (23 January 1896 – 13 June 1944) was a Polish engineer, member of the Polish Underground State (1939-1944), head of the Bureau of Information and Propaganda of the ZWZ- AK, chairman of the Alliance of Democrats (1943-1944). Biography Jerzy Makowiecki was born in Warsaw in the family of engineer Henryk Dołęga-Makowiecki and Bronisława née Rosenfeld. After graduating from high school in 1913, he began his studies at the faculty of chemistry of the University of Warsaw. He then studied architecture at the Warsaw Polytechnic. During World War I, he belonged to the Polish Military Organization. He was arrested for his conspiratorial activities and imprisoned in the Warsaw Citadel in 1918. After Poland regained its independence, he joined the Polish Army, where he was active in intelligence. In 1926 he was transferred to the reserves. In 1933, he graduated with a degree in architecture. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross Of Valour (Poland)
The Cross of Valour ( pl, Krzyż Walecznych) is a Polish military decoration. It was first introduced by the Council of National Defense on 11 August 1920. It is awarded to an individual who "has demonstrated deeds of valour and courage on the field of battle." It may be awarded to the same person up to four times.The only soldier ever to receive more than 4 Crosses of Valour was Stefan Grot-Rowecki, commander of the Polish Home Army during World War II, who had reached his quota of 4 crosses during World War I and the Polish-Soviet War, yet was awarded 4 more crosses on 1 May 1943. See: The medal is given only in wartime or shortly after.Zdzislaw P. Wesolowski, ''Polish Orders, Medals, Badges and Insignia: Military and Civilian Decorations, 1705–1985'', pp. 22–24, 41–42, 58. History Polish-Soviet War The medal was introduced in 1920 at the height of the Polish-Soviet War, shortly before the climactic Battle of Warsaw. Initially it had no Order Council and was awarded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Guard (1942–1944)
The People's Guard (GL; pl, Gwardia Ludowa; ) was a communist Partisan (military), partisan force of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR) active in Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), Occupied Poland during World War II from 1942 to 1944. The ''Gwardia Ludowa'' was established with sponsorship from the Soviet Union to support the Red Army and Polish communists against Nazi Germany. It became the largest partisan force in Poland which refused to join the structures of the Polish Underground State loyal to the London-based Polish government-in-exile. The ''Gwardia Ludowa'' was incorporated into the larger ''Armia Ludowa'' in January 1944. Background The ''Gwardia Ludowa'' was created on 6 January 1942 with military aid from the Red Army, with the availability of Firearm, firearms led to it swiftly reaching a strength of 3,000 fighters. It was connected to the NKVD, the intelligence services of the Soviet Union, to the point that some of its military actions were commanded by NKVD co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powązki Cemetery
Powązki Cemetery (; pl, Cmentarz Powązkowski), also known as Stare Powązki ( en, Old Powązki), is a historic necropolis located in Wola district, in the western part of Warsaw, Poland. It is the most famous cemetery in the city and one of the oldest, having been established in 1790. It is the burial place of many illustrious individuals from Polish history. Some are interred along the "Avenue of the Distinguished" - ''Aleja Zasłużonych'', created in 1925. It is estimated that over 1 million people are buried at Powązki. The cemetery is often confused with the newer Powązki Military Cemetery, which is located to the north-west of Powązki Cemetery. History Powązki Cemetery was established on 4 November 1790 on land donated by nobleman Melchior Szymanowski, and consecrated on 20 May 1792. Initially it covered an area of only about 2.5 ha. In the same year Saint Karol Boromeusz Church, designed by Dominik Merlini, was built on the northern edge of the cemetery. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate Of Underground Struggle
Directorate of Underground Resistance (, ''KWP'') was an agency of the Polish Underground State created during World War II. History The Directorate of Underground Resistance was created in 1943 from the Directorate of Civil Resistance and the Directorate of Covert Resistance. It carried out tasks previously reserved for the two directorates. The ''KWP'' was commanded collectively by the commander of the Home Army, its chief of staff The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization such as the armed forces, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supporti ..., the commander of the KeDyw, the chief of the Bureau of Information and Propaganda, and a representative of the Government Delegation for Poland. References Polish Underground State Poland in World War II {{WWII-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimierz Moczarski
Kazimierz Damazy Moczarski (21 July 1907 – 27 September 1975) was a Polish writer and journalist, an officer of the Polish Home Army (''noms de guerre'': Borsuk, Grawer, Maurycy, and Rafał; active in anti-Nazi resistance). Kazimierz Moczarski is primarily known for his book ''Conversations with an Executioner'', a series of interviews with a fellow inmate of the notorious UB secret police prison under Stalinism, the Nazi war criminal Jürgen Stroop, who was soon to be executed. Thrown in jail in 1945 and pardoned eleven years later during Polish October, Moczarski spent four years on death row (1952–56), and was tried three times as an enemy of the state while in prison.Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer ''Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression''.The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, ''Harvard University Press'', 1999, 858 pages. . Pages 377–378. Biography Born on 21 July 1907 in Warsaw, Moczarski was the son of Jan Damazy, teacher and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising ( pl, powstanie warszawskie; german: Warschauer Aufstand) was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. It occurred in the summer of 1944, and it was led by the Polish resistance Home Army ( pl, Armia Krajowa). The uprising was timed to coincide with the retreat of the German forces from Poland ahead of the Soviet advance. While approaching the eastern suburbs of the city, the Red Army temporarily halted combat operations, enabling the Germans to regroup and defeat the Polish resistance and to Planned destruction of Warsaw, destroy the city in retaliation. The Uprising was fought for 63 days with little outside support. It was the single largest military effort taken by any European Resistance during World War II, resistance movement during World War II. The Uprising began on 1 August 1944 as part of a nationwide Operation Tempest, launched at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ONR-Falanga
The National Radical Camp ( pl, Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny, ONR) refers to at least three groups that are fascist, far-right, and ultranationalist Polish organisations with doctrines stemming from pre-World War II nationalist ideology. The current incarnation revived in 1993 is a far-right movement in Poland much like its historical predecessors. It has often been described as fascist and sometimes as neo-Nazi. As of 2012 it is registered as a common-interest association. The ONR considers itself an ideological descendant of the 1930s-era National Radical Camp, an ultranationalist, patriotic, and antisemitic political movement which existed in the pre-World War II Second Polish Republic, an illegal Polish anti-communist,Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny |
Front For The Rebirth Of Poland
Front for the Rebirth of Poland also translated as the Front for a Reborn Poland ( pl, Front Odrodzenia Polski, FOP) was a clandestine anti-Fascist organization formed in 1941 in occupied Poland during World War II, by a group of secular Catholics of Warsaw led by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka and Father Edmund Krauze. The Front upheld Christian ideals of the prewar Catholic Action movements existing in the Polish Second Republic as part of the cross national European groupings of lay Catholics. History The ''Front for a Reborn Poland'' (FOP) published its own publication called ''Prawda'' (The Truth), edited by Witold Bieńkowski Witold Bieńkowski, code-name ''Wencki'' (1906–1965), was a Polish politician, publicist and leader of the Catholic underground organization called Front for a Reborn Poland (Front Odrodzenia Polski, F.O.P.) during World War II, as well as mem ... who took active part in the organization of Żegota in the autumn of 1942. He was put in charge of the Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Witold Bieńkowski
Witold Bieńkowski, code-name ''Wencki'' (1906–1965), was a Polish politician, publicist and leader of the Catholic underground organization called Front for a Reborn Poland (Front Odrodzenia Polski, F.O.P.) during World War II, as well as member of the Provisional Committee to Aid Jews, Żegota, and a permanent representative of the Delegation for Poland of the Polish Government-in-Exile. Bieńkowski was a Deputy to the Polish parliament (Sejm The Sejm (English: , Polish: ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland ( Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of ...) from 1947 to 1952. He served as editor-in-chief of the Catholic weekly '' Dziś i Jutro'' (Polish: Today and Tomorrow) between 1945 and 1947. Notes References * Ryszard Bosakowski ''Ostatnie słowo — powojenne listy Witolda Bieńkowskiego do jego dawnych współpracowników z Rady ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bemowo
Bemowo is a district of Warsaw located in the western part of the city. Its territory covers the western belt of the former district of Wola, which was incorporated to Warsaw in the year 1951. The name of the district derives from the surname of General Józef Bem. Neighbourhoods within the district * Lotnisko * Fort Radiowo * Boernerowo * Bemowo Lotnisko * Fort Bema * Groty * Górce * Chrzanów * Jelonki Północne * Jelonki Południowe International relations Twin towns – Sister cities Bemowo is twinned with: * Solna * Óbuda-Békásmegyer Óbuda-Békásmegyer is the 3rd district of Budapest, Hungary. Landmarks * Aquincum, ruins of the Roman city * Óbuda Jewish Cemetery * Római Part (Roman Beach) History The military camp, then city of Aquincum, located in part of what later ... References External linksThe official website of Bemowo [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Rzepecki
Jan Rzepecki alias „Prezes” (29 September 1899 in Warsaw – 28 April 1983) was a Polish soldier and military historian, colonel of the Polish Army. Commander of the Bureau of Information and Propaganda The Bureau of Information and Propaganda of the Headquarters of Związek Walki Zbrojnej, later of Armia Krajowa ( pl, Biuro Informacji i Propagandy (Komendy Głównej Związku Walki Zbrojnej - Armii Krajowej) - in short: ''BIP''), a conspiracy dep ... of Home Army from 1940 to 1945. After World War II commander of the Armed Forces Delegation for Poland and the first president of the Freedom and Independence. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Rzepecki, Jan 1899 births 1983 deaths Military personnel from Warsaw People from Warsaw Governorate Polish opinion journalists Cursed soldiers Polish anti-communists Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War Warsaw Uprising insurgents Polish legionnaires (World War I) Polnische Wehrmacht personnel Recipients of the Cross of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadeusz Kotarbiński
Tadeusz Marian Kotarbiński (; 31 March 1886 – 3 October 1981) was a Polish philosopher, logician and ethicist. A pupil of Kazimierz Twardowski, he was one of the most representative figures of the Lwów–Warsaw School, and a member of the Polish Academy of Learning (PAU) as well as the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN). He developed philosophical theory called ''reism'' ( pl, reizm) and an ethical system called independent ethics. Kotarbiński also contributed significantly to the development of praxeology. Henryk Greniewski and Kazimierz Pasenkiewicz were doctoral students under Kotarbiński. Life Tadeusz Kotarbiński was born on 31 March 1886 in Warsaw, then Congress Poland, Russian Empire, into an artist's family. His father, Miłosz Kotarbiński, was a painter his mother, Ewa Koskowska, was a pianist and composer. His uncles were Józef Kotarbiński, an important figure in Polish theater circles, and Wilhelm Kotarbiński, a talented painter. Expelled from secondary sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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