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Jasta 21
Royal Saxon Jagdstaffel 21 was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the ''Luftstreitkräfte'', the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 148 verified aerial victories, including at least 30 destructions of enemy observation balloons. In turn, their casualties for the war would amount to eight pilots killed in action, six wounded in action, and one fallen prisoner of war. History Jagdstaffel 21 was founded on 25 October 1916, drawing from FA 40 and Kagohl 7 for its initial assignment of men. It was mobilized on 6 December 1916. It suffered its first casualty on 10 February 1917, and scored its first victory on 24 March 1917. It would serve through war's end. Two of its members would soldier on after war's end, and eventually wear general's stars in the ''Luftwaffe''. Commanding officers (''Staffelführer'') # Richard Schlieben: 15 November 1916 – 26 May 1917 # Eduard Ritter von Sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Empire
The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary empire led by an emperor, although has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it had a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was , which is properly translated as "German Empire" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people, but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state. –The German Empire" ''Harper's New Monthly Magazine''. vol. 63, issue 376, pp. 591–603; here p. 593. also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich, as well as simply Germany, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boncourt, Aisne
Boncourt () is a commune in the department of Aisne in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Population See also *Communes of the Aisne department The following is a list of the 799 Communes of France, communes in the French Departments of France, department of Aisne. The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 2020): References Communes of Aisne Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia {{Laon-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Werner Wagener
Leutnant Werner Wagener (born 13 November 1894, date of death unknown) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories.The Aerodrome website page on WageneRetrieved on 16 September 2020 As a Fokker Eindekker pilot, he was one of the first flying aces in history. Biography See also Aerial victory standards of World War I Werner Wagener was born in Dessau, Germany on 13 November 1894.''Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918'', p. 225 Wagener enlisted in the German military on 8 August 1914, serving in a rail service battalion. Wounded by shrapnel on 5 December, he returned from on 1 March 1915. Upon requesting a transfer to aviation service, he was forwarded for observer's training. Upon completion, he was forwarded to pilot's school. On 24 July 1916, he was posted to the Macedonian front to join ''Jagdstaffel 38'' as a pilot. He received one of the first German fighters for h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jasta 46
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 46 was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the ''Luftstreitkräfte'', the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 20 confirmed aerial victories over enemy observation balloons, plus thirty more over enemy aircraft. The ''Jasta'' paid a price of ten killed in action, one lost in a flying accident, six wounded in action, and three injured in accidents. History Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 46 was formed at FEA Graudenz on 11 December 1917. It mobilized on Christmas Day, under command of ''Leutnant'' Rudolf Matthaei, brought in from Jasta 5 for that purpose. It scored its first aerial victory on 12 February 1918. After Matthaei's death, a new commander was imported from Jasta 39, only to be killed in action. Leutnant Creutzmann was then assigned in from Jasta 43 and survived and served until war's end. Commanding officers (''Staffelführer'') # Rudolf Matthaei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Matthaei
Leutnant Rudolf Matthaei (10 November 1895 – 17 April 1918) was a German World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories.The Aerodrome website http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/germany/matthaei.php Retrieved on 20 April 2010. Early life Rudolf Matthaei was born in Hildesheim, Saxony, on 10 November 1895. Military service Matthaei joined Saxon Field Artillery Regiment No. 46 as an officer candidate on 13 February 1914. His first wartime service was in France. He was commissioned on 23 April 1915. He shipped out with his regiment to the Eastern Front. After a transfer to Infantry Regiment No. 79, Matthaei returned to France in September 1915. In early 1916, he began aviation training. He was assigned to Kasta 9 on 12 October 1916. He upgraded to fighter pilot at Valenciennes during the first two months of 1917. In late February, he was posted to Jagdstaffel 21. On 24 March 1917, he shot down an observation balloon for his first victory. After an unconfirmed claim on 15 A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balloon Buster
Balloon busters were military pilots known for destroying enemy observation balloons. These pilots were noted for their fearlessness, as balloons were stationary targets able to receive heavy defenses, from the ground and the air. Seventy-seven flying aces in World War I were each credited with destroying five or more balloons, and thus were balloon aces. The crucial role of observation balloons An observation balloon was both a vulnerable and a valuable target: the balloon was moored in a stationary position and was lifted by flammable hydrogen gas, whose use was necessitated by the scarcity of helium reserves among European powers. The artillery observer, suspended in the wicker basket beneath, typically had a wireless transmitter, binoculars and/or a long-range camera. His job was to observe actions on the front-line and behind it, to spot enemy troop movements or unusual activity of any sort, and to call down artillery fire onto any worthwhile targets. Balloon observers we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fritz Höhn
Leutnant Fritz Höhn (31 May 1896 – 3 October 1918) was a German World War I fighter ace credited with 21 victories. He had worked his way up to being a fighter squadron commander and was eligible for the German Empire's highest award for heroism, the Blue Max, when he was killed in action on 3 October 1918. Early life and service Fritz Höhn was born in Wiesbaden, German Empire, on 31 May 1896. He began his military service in the elite 7th Guards Infantry Regiment.Franks et al 1993, pp. 130-131. Aerial service Höhn began aerial duty as an artillery spotter in two-seated reconnaissance planes, flying for ''Flieger-Abteilung'' (Flier Detachment) 227. He was seconded to ''Jastaschule II'' and graduated as a fighter pilot. He joined a fighter squadron, Royal Saxon ''Jagdstaffel 21'' on 15 November 1917, just as they received new Pfalz D.IIIs. He shot down a Breguet 14 bomber on 1 December 1917 for his first victory. Höhn then had Pfalz no. 4011/17 painted with diagonal stri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emil Thuy
Emil Thuy (11 March 1894 – 11 June 1930), Pour le Merite, Württemberg's Order of Military Merit, House Order of Hohenzollern, Iron Cross First and Second Class, was one of the leading German fighter aces of World War I, with 35 victories. After the war, he was an adviser to the Finnish air force and was involved in the secret origins of the Luftwaffe within the Soviet Union. Early life Emil Thuy was born in Hagen, Germany, the son of a factory owner. He was interested in airplanes even as a child, building models and testing a glider.''Der Logbuch'' website After graduation from secondary school, he worked for a while in a colliery in Lebanon, Germany. He then enrolled in 1913 in the Faculty of Mining at the Technical University of Clausthal; he was interested in metallurgical engineering. Military service In August, 1914, Thuy volunteered to serve as a pioneer, which was the German equivalent of a combat engineer. After only six weeks basic training, he was rushed into co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal House Order Of Hohenzollern
The House Order of Hohenzollern (german: Hausorden von Hohenzollern or ') was a dynastic order of knighthood of the House of Hohenzollern awarded to military commissioned officers and civilians of comparable status. Associated with the various versions of the order were crosses and medals which could be awarded to lower-ranking soldiers and civilians. History The House Order of Hohenzollern was instituted on 5 December 1841, by joint decree of Prince Konstantin of and Prince Karl Anton of . These two principalities in southern Germany were Catholic collateral lines of the House of Hohenzollern, cousins to the Protestant ruling house of Prussia. On 23 August 1851, after the two principalities had been annexed by Prussia, the order was adopted by the Prussian branch of the house. Also, although the two principalities had become an administrative region of the Prussian kingdom, the princely lines continued to award the order as a house order. The Prussian version was then known a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Merit Cross (Prussia)
The Military Merit Cross (German: ''Militär-Verdienstkreuz'') was the highest bravery award of the Kingdom of Prussia for non-commissioned officers and enlisted soldiers. It was also known as the Golden Military Merit Cross (''Goldenes Militär-Verdienstkreuz'') to distinguish it from the Military Decoration 1st Class (''Militär-Ehrenzeichen I. Klasse''), a lesser Prussian enlisted bravery decoration which was an identical cross but in silver. The Military Merit Cross came to also be known as the "Pour le Mérite for non-commissioned officers and enlisted men" (''Orden Pour le Mérite für Unteroffiziere und Mannschaften''), after the Pour le Mérite, Prussia's highest military decoration for officers. The Military Merit Cross was founded by King Wilhelm I of Prussia on February 27, 1864. It was originally reserved for those in the rank of ''Feldwebel'' (the then-highest NCO grade) and below, but eligibility was later extended to soldiers in the rank of ''Offizier-Stellvertret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Thom
Leutnant Karl Thom (19 May 1893 – 3 March 1945), was a German World War I flying ace credited with 27 victories. He was decorated with both his nation's highest decorations for valor, the Military Merit Cross as an enlisted soldier, and the Pour le Mérite after he was commissioned as an officer. He was one of only four German aces of World War I to achieve this double award. Early life Karl Thom was born the son of a field hand. He began his military service by enlisting in 1911 with Hussar Regiment Number 5. He was serving with Mounted Rifle Regiment Number 10 when World War I began. He was wounded for the first time in November 1914.''Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918'', p. 215 Reconnaissance service Upon his recovery, Thom transferred to the Air Service. His first assignment after training was piloting a two-seater reconnaissance plane for FFA 216. He patrolled in the vicinity of V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Order Of Max Joseph
The Military Order of Max Joseph (german: Militär-Max-Joseph-Orden) was the highest military order of the Kingdom of Bavaria. It was founded on 1 January 1806 by Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, the first king of Bavaria. The order came in three classes: * Grand Cross (''Großkreuz'') * Commander's Cross (Kommandeurkreuz'') * Knight's Cross (''Ritterkreuz''). Individuals who received the order and were not already members of the nobility were ennobled and would add the title of " Ritter von" to their family name. A Bavarian title of nobility obtained through the Military Order of Max Joseph was valid for the recipient's life only. The order became obsolete in 1918 with the collapse of the Bavarian monarchy on Germany's defeat in World War I. However, the orders chancery continued to process outstanding award recommendations to at least 1922. Description The ''badge'' of the order was a white-enameled gold Maltese cross with balls at each cross point. The center medall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
