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Jasmolone
Jasmolone is an irregular monoterpene. Irregular monoterpenes are derived from two isoprene C5 units, but do not follow the usual head-to-tail coupling mechanism. Jasmolins are found in pyrethrum flowers. They can specifically be found in the flower heads of ''Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium''. Jasmolins act as an insecticide for the flower. It is found in the cytoplasm of plants. Jasmolone is part of the secondary alcohol family. Jasmolone is found in the alcohol portion of pyrethrins. It is thought that jasmolone is a derivative of cyclized and altered fatty acids. The cyclization of the fatty acids is similar to the biosynthetic pathway cyclization of prostaglandins. A precursor of jasmolone could be alpha-linolenic acid with a 12-oxophytodienoic acid intermediate. The chain shortening could be produced by a beta-oxidation then a decarboxylation. 12-Oxophytodienoic acid is also used in the production of jasmonic acid. Jasmonic acid is used in the production of secondary metabol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrethrum
''Pyrethrum'' was a genus of several Old World plants now classified as ''Chrysanthemum'' or ''Tanacetum'' which are cultivated as ornamentals for their showy flower heads. Pyrethrum continues to be used as a common name for plants formerly included in the genus ''Pyrethrum''. Pyrethrum is also the name of a natural insecticide made from the dried flower heads of '' Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium'' and ''Chrysanthemum coccineum''. The insecticidal compounds present in these species are pyrethrins. Description Some members of the genus ''Chrysanthemum'', such as the following two, are placed in the genus ''Tanacetum'' instead by some botanists. Both genera are members of the daisy (or aster) family, Asteraceae. They are all perennial plants with a daisy-like appearance and white petals. * '' Tanacetum cinerariifolium'' is called the Dalmatian chrysanthemum, denoting its origin in that region of the Balkans (Dalmatia). It looks more like the common daisy than other pyrethrums do. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysanthemum Cinerariaefolium
''Pyrethrum'' was a genus of several Old World plants now classified as ''Chrysanthemum'' or ''Tanacetum'' which are cultivated as ornamentals for their showy flower heads. Pyrethrum continues to be used as a common name for plants formerly included in the genus ''Pyrethrum''. Pyrethrum is also the name of a natural insecticide made from the dried flower heads of ''Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium'' and ''Chrysanthemum coccineum''. The insecticidal compounds present in these species are pyrethrins. Description Some members of the genus ''Chrysanthemum'', such as the following two, are placed in the genus ''Tanacetum'' instead by some botanists. Both genera are members of the daisy (or aster) family, Asteraceae. They are all perennial plants with a daisy-like appearance and white petals. * ''Tanacetum cinerariifolium'' is called the Dalmatian chrysanthemum, denoting its origin in that region of the Balkans (Dalmatia). It looks more like the common daisy than other pyrethrums do. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoterpene
Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. Monoterpenes may be linear (acyclic) or contain rings (monocyclic and bicyclic). Modified terpenes, such as those containing oxygen functionality or missing a methyl group, are called monoterpenoids. Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids are diverse. They have relevance to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries. Biosynthesis Monoterpenes are derived biosynthetically from units of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, which is formed from acetyl-CoA via the intermediacy of mevalonic acid in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway. An alternative, unrelated biosynthesis pathway of IPP is known in some bacterial groups and the plastids of plants, the so-called MEP-(2-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate) pathway, which is initiated from C5 sugars. In both pathways, IPP is isomerized to DMAPP by the enzyme isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase. Geranyl pyrophosphate is the precurso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tagetes Erecta
''Tagetes erecta'', the Aztec marigold, Mexican marigold, big marigold, ''cempazúchitl'' or ''cempasúchil'', is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Tagetes'' native to Mexico. Despite being native to the Americas, it is often called the African marigold. In Mexico, this plant is found in the wild in the states of México, Michoacán, Puebla, and Veracruz. This plant reaches heights of between . The Aztecs gathered the wild plant as well as cultivating it for medicinal, ceremonial and decorative purposes. It is widely cultivated commercially with many cultivars in use as ornamental plants, and for the cut-flower trade. Some authorities regard ''Tagetes patula'' (the French marigold) as a synonym of ''Tagetes erecta''. Description It is a herbaceous annual or perennial plant whose height ranges from 30–110 cm. The root is cylindrical, pivoting, with a fibrous and shallow branching system. The stem is striated, sometimes ridged, smooth or slightly with villi, cyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipoxygenase
Lipoxygenases () are a family of (non-heme) iron-containing enzymes most of which catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4- pentadiene into cell signaling agents that serve diverse roles as autocrine signals that regulate the function of their parent cells, paracrine signals that regulate the function of nearby cells, and endocrine signals that regulate the function of distant cells. The lipoxygenases are related to each other based upon their similar genetic structure and dioxygenation activity. However, one lipoxygenase, ALOXE3, while having a lipoxygenase genetic structure, possesses relatively little dioxygenation activity; rather its primary activity appears to be as an isomerase that catalyzes the conversion of hydroperoxy unsaturated fatty acids to their 1,5-epoxide, hydroxyl derivatives. Lipoxygenases are found in eukaryotes (plants, fungi, animals, protists); while the third domain of terrestrial life, the archaea, pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
α-Linolenic Acid
''alpha''-Linolenic acid (ALA), also known as α-Linolenic acid (from Greek ''alpha'' meaning "first" and ''linon'' meaning flax), is an ''n''−3, or omega-3, essential fatty acid. ALA is found in many seeds and oils, including flaxseed, walnuts, chia, hemp, and many common vegetable oils. In terms of its structure, it is named ''all''-''cis''-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. In physiological literature, it is listed by its lipid number, 18:3, and (''n''−3). It is a carboxylic acid with an 18-carbon chain and three ''cis'' double bonds. The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain, known as the ''n'' end. Thus, α-linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated ''n''−3 (omega-3) fatty acid. It is an isomer of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an 18:3 (''n''−6) fatty acid (i.e., a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid with three double bonds). Etymology The word ''linolenic'' is an irregular derivation from ''linoleic'', which itself is der ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callus (botany)
In botany, the labellum (or lip) is the part of the flower of an orchid or '' Canna'', or other less-known genera, that serves to attract insects, which pollinate the flower, and acts as a landing platform for them. ''Labellum'' (plural: ''labella'') is the Latin diminutive of ''labrum'', meaning lip. The labellum is a modified petal and can be distinguished from the other petals and from the sepals by its large size and its often irregular shape. It is not unusual for the other two petals of an orchid flower to look like the sepals, so that the labellum stands out as distinct. Bailey, L. H. ''Gentes Herbarum: Canna x orchiodes''. (Ithaca), 1 (3): 120 (1923); Khoshoo, T. N. & Guha, I. ''Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Cannas.'' Vikas Publishing House. In orchids, the labellum is the modified median petal that sits opposite from the fertile anther and usually highly modified from the other perianth segments. It is often united with the column A column or pillar in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zinnia Elegans
''Zinnia elegans'' (syn. ''Zinnia violacea'') known as youth-and-age, common zinnia or elegant zinnia, is an annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Mexico but grown as an ornamental in many places and naturalised in several places, including scattered locations in South and Central America, the West Indies, the United States, Australia, and Italy. Description The uncultivated plant grows to about in height. It has solitary flower heads about across. The purple ray florets surround black and yellow discs. The lanceolate leaves are opposite the flower heads. Flowering occurs during the summer months. History The species was first collected in 1789 at Tixtla, Guerrero, by Sessé and Mociño. It was formally described as ''Zinnia violacea'' by Cavanilles in 1791. Jacquin described it again in 1792 as ''Zinnia elegans'', which was the name that Sessé and Moçiño had used in their manuscript of ''Plantae Novae Hispaniae'', which was not published unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calendula Officinalis
''Calendula officinalis'', the pot marigold, common marigold, ruddles, Mary's gold or Scotch marigold, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is probably native to southern Europe, though its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown, and it may possibly be of garden origin. It is also widely naturalised farther north in Europe (as far as southern England) and elsewhere in warm temperate regions of the world.''The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 1: 462.Interactive Flora of NW Europe: ''Calendula officinalis'' eti.uva.nl The Latin specific epithet '' |
Tagetes Minuta
''Tagetes minuta'' is a tall upright marigold plant from the genus ''Tagetes'', with small flowers, native to the southern half of South America. Since Spanish colonization, it has been introduced around the world, and has become naturalized in Europe, Asia, Australasia, North America, and Africa. ''Tagetes minuta'' has numerous local names that vary by region. In the Andes it is known as Huacatay or Wacatay, and in other regions it is common as ''chinchilla'', ''chiquilla, chilca, zuico, suico'', or ''anisillo''.Soule, J.A. 1993. Tagetes minuta: A potential new herb from South America. p. 649-654. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York. Other names include muster John Henry, southern marigold, khakibos, stinking roger, wild marigold, and black mint. It is used as a culinary herb in Peru, Ecuador, and parts of Chile and Bolivia. It is called by the Quechua terms ''huacatay'' in Peru or ''wakataya'' in Bolivia. It is commonly sold in Latin grocery stores ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
