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Jargalant, Khovd
Khovd ( mn, Ховд, Howd, ), formerly known as Kobdo or Khobdo, is the capital of the Khovd Province of Mongolia. It is officially known as Jargalant sum. Geography and climate It is situated at the foot of the Mongol Altay Mountains, on the Buyant River. The Khar-Us Lake is located approximately 25 km east of Khovd and is the location of a Strictly Protected Area (Mongolian Government designation), called the Mankhan Nature Preserve. As a result of administrative reforms in 1992, Khovd was accorded the status of Jargalant sum. City area is 80 km2. Khovd has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification ''BWk'') with long, dry, frigid winters and short warm summers. Precipitation is minimal and very heavily concentrated in summer. History The city was established by Galdan Boshogtu Khan of Dzungaria in the 17th century on the bank of the river Khovd in what is now Erdenebüren sum. Horticulture was developed around city Khovd using the land cultiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khovd, Khovd
Khovd ( mn, Ховд) is a sum (district) of Khovd Province in Western Mongolia. Population In 2005, 4,644 inhabitants and 866 households lived in Khovd sum. It is the only sum in the Khovd aimag with a majority of Kazakh. 96% of the population belongs to Kazakh nationality and the remaining belong to other ethnic and national groups, like Chantuu ( Uyghur, Uzbek), Myangad, Torguud or Khalkh. The total population increased until 1991 and declined sharply in 1992 and 1993. This decline was caused by the outmigration of Kazakhs to Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ... (approx. 1,650 or 33% of total population). In the following years, some migrants returned and the population increased also due to comparably high birth rates. In recent years, the populatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uriankhai
Uriankhai ( traditional Mongolian: , Mongolian Cyrillic: урианхай; sah, урааҥхай; zh, t=烏梁海, s=乌梁海, p=Wūliánghǎi), Uriankhan (, урианхан) or Uriankhat (, урианхад), is a term of address applied by the Mongols to a group of forest peoples of the North, who include the Turkic-speaking Tuvans and Yakuts, while sometimes it is also applied to the Mongolian-speaking Altai Uriankhai. The Uriankhai included the western forest Uriankhai tribe and the transbaikal Uriankhai tribe, with the former recorded in Chinese sources as 兀良哈 (pinyin: ''Wùliánghā''). History The name "Uriankhai' means "uria" (motto, war motto) and khan (lord) in Mongolian. The Mongols applied the name to all the forest peoples and, later, to Tuvans. They were classified by the Mongols as Darligin Mongols. At the beginning of the Mongol Empire (1206-1368), the Uriankhai were located in central Mongolia. In 13th century Yuan China, Rashid-al-Din Hamadani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torguud
The Torghut ( Mongolian: Торгууд, , Torguud), , "Guardsman" are one of the four major subgroups of the Four Oirats. The Torghut nobles traced its descent to the Keraite ruler Tooril; also many Torghuts descended from the Keraites. History They might have been kheshigs of the Great Khans before Kublai Khan. The Torghut clan first appeared as an Oirat group in the mid-16th century. After the collapse of the Four Oirat Alliance, the majority of the Torghuts under Kho Orluk separated from other Oirat groups and moved west to the Volga region in 1630, forming the core of the Kalmyks. A few Torghut nobles followed Toro Baikhu Gushi Khan to Qinghai Lake (Koke Nuur), becoming part of the so-called Upper Mongols. In 1698, 500 Torghuts went on pilgrimage to Tibet but were unable to return. Hence, they were resettled in Ejin River by the Kangxi Emperor of China's Qing dynasty. In 1699 15,000 Torghut households returned from the Volga region to Dzungaria where they joined the Khoit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zakhchin
The Zakhchin ( mn, Захчин) is a subgroup of the Oirats residing in Khovd Province, Mongolia. Zakhchin means 'Border people'. They are so called because they originated from the border garrison (mainly from Torghut, Dorbet Oirat, and Dzungar) of the Dzungar Khanate. They originally spoke the Zakhchin dialect of the Oirat language, but actually pure Oirat language is used by elder generations, younger generations use a dialect being under a strong Khalkha influence. History The Zakhchins conquered by the Manchus of the Qing dynasty in 1754 and controlled by Zasagt Khan aimag's Tsevdenjav gün, then moved to Zereg and Shar Khulsan. One Banner with 4(+1) sums were designated for them and noble Maamad (Mamuud) zaisan became the chieftain but Mamuud killed by Zungharian king Amarsanaa later and the Zakhchins revolted together with Amursana against the Qing. The sums were: * Bichgiin meeren's sum (in modern Mankhan, Khovd province) * Güüj zan's sum (in modern Altai and part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalkh
The Khalkha (Mongolian script, Mongolian: mn, Халх, Halh, , zh, 喀爾喀) have been the largest subgroup of Mongols, Mongol people in modern Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars, Ordos Mongols, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by Borjigin khans until the 20th century; unlike the Oirats, who were ruled by Dzungar people, Dzungar nobles or the Khorchin Mongols, Khorchins, who were ruled by Qasar's descendants. The two original major Khalkha groups were ruled by the direct male line descendants of Dayan Khan. The Baarin, Khongirad, Jaruud, Bayads, Bayaud and the O'zeed (Ujeed) became Dayan Khan's fifth son Achibolod's subjects, thus formed the Southern Five Halhs. Seven northern Khalkha otogs: 1) Jalairs, Olkhonud; 2) Besut, Iljigin; 3) Gorlos, Keregut; 4) Khuree, Khoroo, Tsookhor; 5) Khukhuid, Khatagin; 6) Tangut people, Tanghut, Sartuul; 7) Uriankhai became Dayan Khan's youngest (could be third) son Geresenje's ( mn, Гэрсэне Жал ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ööld
The Dzungar people (also written as Zunghar; from the Mongolian words , meaning 'left hand') were the many Mongol Oirat tribes who formed and maintained the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th and 18th centuries. Historically they were one of major tribes of the Four Oirat confederation. They were also known as the Eleuths or Ööled, from the Qing dynasty euphemism for the hated word "Dzungar" and also called "Kalmyks". In 2010, 15,520 people claimed "Ööled" ancestry in Mongolia. An unknown number also live in China, Russia and Kazakhstan. Origin The Dzungars were a confederation of several Oirat tribes that emerged in the early 17th century to fight the Altan Khan of the Khalkha (not to be confused with the better-known Altan Khan of the Tümed), Tümen Zasagt Khan, and later the Manchu for dominion and control over the Mongolian people and territories. This confederation rose to power in what became known as Dzungaria between the Altai Mountains and the Ili Valley. Initially, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amban
Amban (Manchu language, Manchu and Mongolian language, Mongol: ''Amban'', Standard Tibetan, Tibetan: ་''am ben'', , Uyghur language, Uighur:''am ben'') is a Manchu language term meaning "high official", corresponding to a number of different Qing#Bureaucracy, official titles in the imperial government of Qing dynasty, Qing China. For instance, members of the Grand Council (Qing dynasty), Grand Council were called ''Coohai nashūn-i amban'' in the Manchu language and Qing Governor-General (China), governor-generals were called ''Uheri kadalara amban'' (). The most well-known ambans were the Qing imperial Resident (title), residents (Manchu: ''Seremšeme tehe amban''; ; Tibetan: ''Ngang pai'') in Tibet under Qing rule, Tibet, Qinghai, Mongolia under Qing rule, Mongolia and Xinjiang under Qing rule, Xinjiang, which were territories of Qing China, but were not governed as regular provinces and retained many of their existing institutions. The Qing imperial residents can be rou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ja Lama
Ja Lama ( mn, Жа Лама, also known as Dambiijantsan, mn, Дамбийжанцан or ''Dambiijaa'', mn, Дамбийжаа; 1862–1922) was an adventurer and warlord of unknown birth and background who fought successive campaigns against the rule of the Qing dynasty in western Mongolia between 1890 and 1922. He claimed to be a Buddhist lama, though it is not clear whether he actually was one, as well as a grandson and later the reincarnation of Amursana, the Khoid- Oirat prince who led the last great Mongol uprising against the Qing in 1757. He was one of the commanders of Mongolian forces that liberated Khovd city from Qing control in 1912. Early life and career Although Ja Lama claimed on numerous occasions both Russian citizenship and Kalmyk origin, his true identity is not known but it is widely accepted that his real name was ''Dambiijantsan'' and that he was born in or around 1862 in a Baga Dörbet ulus somewhere in the Astrakhan region. Ja Lama was described ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khatanbaatar Magsarjav
Khatanbaatar Magsarjav ( mn, Хатанбаатар Магсаржав, ; 1877 – September 3, 1927) was a Mongolian general and a leading figure in Mongolia's struggle for independence. His contingent of 800 elite Mongol soldiers fought White Russian and Chinese forces over 30 times between 1912 and 1921, without a single defeat. He served as acting prime minister from February 15, 1921 to March 13, 1921, under Roman Ungern von Sternberg's puppet regime and then later as minister of the army in the 1920s. He received the title Ardyn () in 1924. Youth Magsarjav was born in the Itgemjit banner of Sain Noyon aimag, in what is today the Hutag district of Bulgan aimag. His father Sandagdorj was part of the banner's nobility. When Magsarjav was 11, his banner duke began teaching him to read and write, and at the age of 16 the banner duke arranged for him to marry a local girl named Tsevegmid, and gifted the young couple some property. Until he was 25, Magsarjav worked for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dzungar Khanate
The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin. At its greatest extent, it covered an area from southern Siberia in the north to present-day Kyrgyzstan in the south, and from the Great Wall of China in the east to present-day Kazakhstan in the west. The core of the Dzungar Khanate is today part of northern Xinjiang, also called Dzungaria. About 1620 the western Mongols, known as the Oirats, united in Dzungaria. In 1678, Galdan received from the Dalai Lama the title of ''Boshogtu Khan'', making the Dzungars the leading tribe within the Oirats. The Dzungar rulers used the title of Khong Tayiji, which translates into English as "crown prince". Between 1680 and 1688, the Dzungars conquered the Tarim Basin, which is now southern Xinjiang, and defeated the Khalkha Mongols to the east. In 1696, Galdan was defeated by the Qing dynasty and lost Outer Mongolia. In 1717 the Dzungars conquered Tibet, but were driven ou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
