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Jaqmaq
Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq ( ar, الظاهر سيف الدين جقمق; 1373 – 13 February 1453) was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 9 September 1438 to 1 February 1453. Early life and career Jaqmaq was of Circassian descent. He was brought to Egypt by his older brother and sold to ''atabeg'' Inal Al-Yusufi during the reign of Sultan Barquq. He later trained in the Cairo Citadel to join the ''Khasikiya'' (Sultan's Guards). He then worked as a cupbearer for Sultan An-Nasir Faraj, until he was imprisoned with his brother during a period of instability, to be later freed by emir Taghribirdi, grandfather of Ibn Taghribirdi. Later on, he became the Mamluk na'ib of Damascus during the reign of Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh in 1418–1420, in which he built Khan Jaqmaq. Then he became ''na'ib'' of the Cairo Citadel under Sultan Sayf ad-Din Tatar. Afterwards, he became ''atabeg'' under Sultan Barsbay, in which he led a campaign to repress the revolt of Beylik of Dulkadir in Anatolia. He earned Bars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khan Jaqmaq
Khan Jaqmaq ( ar, خَان جَقْمَق, Ḵān Jaqmaq) is one of the few remaining khans in the Old City of Damascus, it was built by the Mamluk emir, Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq who was governor of Damascus in 1418–20. It was rebuilt to a great extent in 1601.Jaqmaq Khan Archnet Digital Library. 
See also * *Khan Sulayman Pasha
Khan Su ...
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Al-Mansur Fakhr-ad-Din Uthman
Al-Malik al-Mansur Fakhr ad-Din Uthman ibn Jàqmaq, more simply known as Al-Mansur Uthman ( ar, المنصور فخر الدين عثمان بن جقمق, al-Malik al-Mansur Fahr ad-Dīn ʿ Uthman ibn Jaqmaq) was Sultan of Cairo's Mamluk Burji dynasty (1453). Biography At 80 years old, the death of Sultan Jaqmaq allowed his son, Uthman (fathered from a Greek slave) to take the title of Al-Malik al-Mansur Fakhr ad-Din Uthman. His father named him Uthman after the House of Osman to celebrate the Ottoman victory against the European Christians at the Battle of Varna. At the beginning of his reign, he was whipped by his principal minister. After disputes with Amir on the amount of donations to various groups of Mamelukes that had become a burden, street battles ensued between the groups of Mamelukes. Inal al-Ajrud group and the Mamluks house Barquq occupied Kalat al-Djabal (Fortress of the Mount). He was nominated as Sultan by the Abbasid Caliph of Cairo and four kadis with the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hund Şehzade
Hund Şehzade ( ota, خوند شاهزادہ; 1422 – July 1455) was an Ottoman princess, granddaughter of claimant to the throne Süleyman Çelebi, and great granddaughter of Sultan Bayezid I (r.1389 – 1402) of the Ottoman Empire. She was wife of Barsbay, and later of Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq, Egypt Sultans of the Burji dynasty. Early life Born in 1422 as Fatima Şehzade, she was the daughter of Orhan Çelebi, son of Süleyman Çelebi, who was himself the son of Sultan Bayezid I Bayezid I ( ota, بايزيد اول, tr, I. Bayezid), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt ( ota, link=no, یلدیرم بايزيد, tr, Yıldırım Bayezid, link=no; – 8 March 1403) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1389 to 1402. He adopted .... She had a younger brother named Süleyman Çelebi (1423 – 1437). In 1433, Şehzade and her brother Süleyman took refuge in Cairo. The Mamluk Sultan Barsbay treated them generously, and rejected her cousin Murad II's requests to surrender them. First ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mamluk Sultans
The following is a list of Mamluk sultans. The Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Mamluk Sultanate was founded in 1250 by ''mamluks'' of the Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub and it succeeded the Ayyubid state. It was based in Cairo and for much of its history, the territory of the sultanate spanned Egypt, Syria (region), Syria and parts of Anatolia, Upper Mesopotamia and the Hejaz. The sultanate ended with the advent of the Ottoman Empire in 1517. There were a total of 47 sultans, although Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad reigned three times and sultans an-Nasir Hasan, Salah ad-Din Hajji, Barquq and an-Nasir Faraj each reigned twice. The Mamluk period is generally divided into two periods, the Bahri dynasty, Bahri and Burji dynasty, Burji periods. The Bahri sultans were predominantly of Turkic people, Turkic origins, while the Burji sultans were predominantly ethnic Circassians. While the first three Mamluk sultans, Aybak, his son al-Mansur Ali, and Qutuz, are generally considered par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Aziz Jamal Ad-Din Yusuf
Al-Aziz Jamal ad-Din Yusuf ( ar, العزيز جمال الدين أبو المحاسن يوسف بن برسباي) was the son of Barsbay, and a Mamluk sultan of Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ... from 7 June to 9 September 1438. References Burji sultans 15th-century Mamluk sultans 1420s births Year of death unknown Circassian Mamluks {{Egypt-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Rukh
Shah Rukh or Shahrukh ( fa, شاهرخ, ''Šāhrokh'') (20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447. He was the son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who founded the Timurid dynasty in 1370. However, Shah Rukh ruled only over the eastern portion of the empire established by his father, comprising most of Persia and Transoxiana, the western territories having been lost to invaders in the aftermath of Timur's death. In spite of this, Shah Rukh's empire remained a cohesive dominion of considerable extent throughout his reign, as well as a dominant power in Asia. Shah Rukh controlled the main trade routes between Asia and Europe, including the legendary Silk Road, and became immensely wealthy as a result. He chose to have his capital not in Samarqand as his father had done, but in Herat. This was to become the political centre of the Timurid empire and residence of his principal successors, though both cities benefited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Damascus
This is a list of rulers of Damascus from ancient times to the present. :''General context: History of Damascus''. Aram Damascus * Rezon I (c. 950 BC) *Tabrimmon *Ben-Hadad I (c. 885 BCE–c. 865 BC) *Hadadezer (c. 865 BC–c. 842 BC) *Hazael (c. 842 BC–c. 804 BC) *Ben-Hadad III (c. 796 BC) *Tab-El (c. 770 BC) *Rezon II (c. 740 BC–732 BC) Period of non-independence *to Assyria (732 BC–609 BC) **Ilu-Ittia (c. 8th century BC) *to Babylon (609 BC–539 BC) *to Persian Achaemenid Empire (539 BC–332 BC) *to Macedon (332 BC–323 BC) *to Antigonids (323 BC–301 BC) *to Ptolemaic Kingdom (301 BC–198 BC) *to Seleucids (198 BC–167 BC) *to Ituraea (167 BC–110 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids) *to the Decapolis (110 BC–85 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids) *to Nabataea (85 BC–64 BC) *to the Roman Republic/Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire (64 BC–635) **to the Ghassanids (529–584; ?–635) Rashidun period *Khalid ibn al-Walid (635–636) *Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hospitaller Rhodes
The history of Rhodes under the Order of Saint John lasted from 1310 until 1522. The island of Rhodes was a sovereign territorial entity of the Knights Hospitaller who settled on the island from Outremer, Palestine and from Kingdom of Cyprus, Cyprus, where they did not exercise temporal power. The first List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller, Grand Master was the French Foulques de Villaret (1305–1319). History After the extinction of the Kingdom of Jerusalem with the fall of Acre, Israel, Acre in 1291, the order sought refuge in the Kingdom of Cyprus. Finding themselves becoming enmeshed in Cypriot politics, their Master, Guillaume de Villaret, created a plan of acquiring their own temporal domain, selecting Rhodes to be their new home, part of the Byzantine empire. Due to repeated disagreements with the king of Cyprus Henry II of Jerusalem, Henry II, which left the privileges of the Knights Hospitaller unaltered, Foulques de Villaret made the decision to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barsbay
Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Bārsbay ( Circassian: Барасбий ал-Ашрэф Сэфудин) ( ar, الأشرف سيف الدين برسباي) was the ninth Burji Mamluk sultan of Egypt from AD 1422 to 1438. He was Circassian by birth and a former slave of the first Burji Sultan, Barquq. Biography His 16-year reign was relatively long reign by the standards of the Mamluk period in Egypt. His reign was marked by relative security and stability, with few wars or rebellions. He apparently had a reputation simultaneously for being greedy and bad-tempered but also generous to the poor and to Sufis (the latter tendency being evident in his mausoleum-khanqah complex in the Northern Cemetery). He was responsible for a number of administrative reforms in the Mamluk state, including the consolidation of the sultanate as a military magistrature and securing for Egypt exclusive rights over the Red Sea trade between Yemen and Europe. In the process he diverted the Indian Ocean trade r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frieze Louvre AA168 N01
In architecture, the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic or Doric order, or decorated with bas-reliefs. Paterae are also usually used to decorate friezes. Even when neither columns nor pilasters are expressed, on an astylar wall it lies upon the architrave ("main beam") and is capped by the moldings of the cornice. A frieze can be found on many Greek and Roman buildings, the Parthenon Frieze being the most famous, and perhaps the most elaborate. This style is typical for the Persians. In interiors, the frieze of a room is the section of wall above the picture rail and under the crown moldings or cornice. By extension, a frieze is a long stretch of painted, sculpted or even calligraphic decoration in such a position, normally above eye-level. Frieze decorations may depict scenes in a sequence of discrete panels. The material of which the frieze is made of may be plasterwork, carved wood or other decorative medium. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiswah
Kiswa ( ar, كسوة الكعبة, ''kiswat al-ka'bah'') is the cloth that covers the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is draped annually on the 9th day of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, the day pilgrims leave for the plains of Mount Arafat during the Hajj. A procession traditionally accompanies the ''kiswa'' to Mecca, a tradition dating back to the 12th century. The term ''kiswa'' has multiple translations, with common ones being 'robe' or 'garment'. Due to the iconic designs and the quality of materials used in creating the ''kiswa'', it is considered one of the most sacred objects in Islamic art, ritual, and worship. The annual practice of covering the Kaaba has pre-Islamic origins and was continued by Muhammad and his successors. Historically, various types of cloth and textiles have been used as draping, but Egyptian produced ''kiswas'' would be popularized by early Islamic rulers. History Pre-Islamic History The tradition of covering the Kaaba predates the emergence of Isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaaba
The Kaaba (, ), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah ( ar, ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة, lit=Honored Ka'bah, links=no, translit=al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah), is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is the most Holiest sites in Islam, sacred site in Islam.Wensinck, A. J; Kaʿba. Encyclopaedia of Islam IV p. 317 It is considered by Muslims to be the ''Bayt Allah'' ( ar, بَيْت ٱللَّٰه, lit=House of God) and is the qibla ( ar, قِبْلَة, links=no, direction of prayer) for Muslims around the world when performing salah. The current structure was built after the original building was damaged during the Siege of Mecca (683), siege of Mecca in 683. In Early Islam (other), early Islam, Muslims faced in the general direction of Jerusalem as the qibla in their prayers before changing the direction to face the Kaaba, believed by Musli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_Makkah_(Mecca)_(crop).png "Click for more on -> Kiswah")
