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James Menzies (Australian Politician)
James Menzies (9 August 18621 November 1945) was an Australian businessman and politician who served in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1911 to 1920, representing the Electoral district of Lowan, district of Lowan. Before entering politics, he ran the general store in Jeparit, Victoria. He was the father of Robert Menzies, the longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia. Early life Menzies was born in Ballarat West, Victoria, one of the nine surviving children of Elizabeth (née Band) and Robert Menzies. His parents were both Scottish immigrants, meeting soon after their arrival in Australia in 1854 and marrying the following year. His father – born in Renfrewshire (historic), Renfrewshire – was drawn to Ballarat by the Victorian gold rush, and worked initially as a miner and later as a machinery salesman. His sudden death from pneumonia in 1879 thrust his family into poverty. Menzies had little formal schooling, but was a keen reader. At the time of his father's de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral District Of Lowan
The electoral district of Lowan is a rural Victorian Legislative Assembly (Lower House) electoral district of the Victorian Parliament. It is located within the Western Victoria Region of the Legislative Council. It was initially created by the Electoral Act Amendment Act 1888, taking effect at the 1889 elections. It is the state’s biggest electorate by area, covering about 41,858 km². Lowan includes the country towns of Casterton, Coleraine, Dartmoor, Dimboola, Hamilton, Horsham, Jeparit, Kaniva, Nhill and Rainbow. The current seat was established in 2002 although several previous seats held the same name. The current member is The Nationals' Emma Kealy. Members for Lowan Election results See also * Parliaments of the Australian states and territories * List of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly {{{Use dmy dates, date=June 2015 {{Use Australian English, date=June 2015 The following are lists of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly: * Members of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journeyman
A journeyman, journeywoman, or journeyperson is a worker, skilled in a given building trade or craft, who has successfully completed an official apprenticeship qualification. Journeymen are considered competent and authorized to work in that field as a fully qualified employee. They earn their license by education, supervised experience and examination. Although journeymen have completed a trade certificate and are allowed to work as employees, they may not yet work as self-employed master craftsmen. The term "journeyman" was originally used in the medieval trade guilds. Journeymen were paid daily and the word "journey" is derived from ''journée'', meaning "whole day" in French. Each individual guild generally recognised three ranks of workers: apprentices, journeymen, and masters. A journeyman, as a qualified tradesman could become a master and run their own business, but most continued working as employees. Guidelines were put in place to promote responsible tradesmen, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalist Party (Australia)
The Nationalist Party, also known as the National Party, was an Australian political party. It was formed on 17 February 1917 from a merger between the Commonwealth Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the latter formed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes and his supporters after the 1916 Labor Party split over World War I conscription. The Nationalist Party was in government (from 1923 in coalition with the Country Party) until electoral defeat in 1929. From that time it was the main opposition to the Labor Party until it merged with pro-Joseph Lyons Labor defectors to form the United Australia Party (UAP) in 1931. The party is a direct ancestor of the Liberal Party of Australia, the main centre-right party in Australia. History In October 1915 the Australian Prime Minister, Andrew Fisher of the Australian Labor Party, retired; Billy Hughes was chosen unanimously by the Labor caucus to succeed him. Hughes was a strong supporter of Australia's participation in World War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Liberal Party
The Liberal Party was a parliamentary party in Australian federal politics between 1909 and 1917. The party was founded under Alfred Deakin's leadership as a merger of the Protectionist Party and Anti-Socialist Party, an event known as the Fusion. The creation of the party marked the emergence of a two-party system, replacing the unstable multi-party system that arose after Federation in 1901. The first three federal elections produced hung parliaments, with the Protectionists, Free Traders, and Australian Labor Party (ALP) forming a series of minority governments. Free Trade leader George Reid envisioned an anti-socialist alliance of liberals and conservatives, rebranding his party accordingly, and his views were eventually adopted by his Protectionist counterpart Deakin. Objections towards Reid saw Deakin take the lead in coordinating the merger. The Fusion was controversial, with some of his radical supporters regarding it as a betrayal and choosing to sit as independents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Party (Victoria)
The People's Party was a political organisation in the Australian state of Victoria. It was established in 1910 by farmers opposed to the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It co-ordinated political campaigns with other anti-Labor organisations, supporting the parliamentary Liberals and later the Nationalists after 1917. It merged into the National Federation in 1917, after an earlier abortive merger with the Commonwealth Liberal Party. History The People's Party arose after the 1910 federal election, which resulted in the Australian Labor Party (ALP) forming a majority government for the first time. It was formed "mainly as a result of farmer reaction to Labor's land tax policy and the extension to rural employees of the '' Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Act''". The party was formally launched in Horsham, Victoria, on 29 October 1910. The acting prime minister Billy Hughes described it as "one of those organisations that from time to time are launched upon a credulous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1911 Victorian State Election
The 1911 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Thursday, 16 November 1911 to elect 56 of the 65 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.Colin A Hughes, ''A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1890–1964'', Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1968 (). Nine seats were uncontested. The election was in one member districts, using instant runoff (preferential) voting for the first time in the state's history. Women voted for the first time at this election. Results Legislative Assembly See also * Candidates of the 1911 Victorian state election *Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1911–1914 This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly as elected at the 16 November 1911 election and subsequent by-elections up to the election of 15 November 1914: :Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Ass ... References {{Victorian elections 1911 elections ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shire Of Dimboola
The Shire of Dimboola was a local government area in the Wimmera region of western Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1885 until 1995. History Dimboola was originally part of the Shire of Wimmera, which was first incorporated in 1862. It became part of the Shire of Lowan, when it was separately incorporated on 31 December 1875, and on 2 April 1885, Dimboola was established as a shire in its own right. Being in a fairly remote region, for its first 30 years, Dimboola's boundaries were fairly flexible and adjusted frequently; * 23 May 1890 — Wimmera annexed Cannum, Wallup and Kewell West, which became Wimmera's North Riding; * 12 May 1893 — Borung annexed Dimboola's East Riding; * 28 May 1897 — Karkarooc annexed a northeastern part of Dimboola; * 1 November 1911 — Dimboola and a number of other western shires gave up remote areas, to form the Shire of Walpeup. On 14 December 1932, Dimboola gained parts of the West Riding from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elder (Christianity)
In Christianity, an elder is a person who is valued for wisdom and holds a position of responsibility and authority in a Christian group. In some Christian traditions (e.g., Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Methodism) an ''elder'' is an ordained person who serves a local church or churches and who has been ordained to a ministry of word, sacrament and order, filling the preaching and pastoral offices. In other Christian traditions (e.g., Presbyterianism, Churches of Christ, Plymouth Brethren), an elder may be a lay person serving as an administrator in a local congregation, or be ordained and serving in preaching (teaching during church gatherings) or pastoral roles. There is a distinction between ordained elders and lay elders. The two concepts may be conflated in everyday conversation (for example, a lay elder in the Baptist tradition may be referred to as "clergy", especially in America). In non-Christian world cultures the term elder refers to age and expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lay Preacher
Lay preacher is a preacher or a religious proclaimer who is not a formally ordained cleric Clergy are formal leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the ter ... and who does not hold a formal university degree in theology. Lay preaching varies in importance between religions and their sects. Although lay preachers in many Christian denominations may be accorded titles such as Reverend or Pastor as a courtesy by people – including those in their congregation – it is only once a priest, cleric, minister or reverend has been ordained that he/she can correctly adopt that title. Movements which encourage lay preachership include: * Awakening (Finnish religious movement), Awakening (Lutheran movement, especially see Hans Nielsen Hauge, Paavo Ruotsalainen, and lay preachers organized by Lars Levi Laes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stock And Station Agency
Stock and station agencies are businesses which provide a support service to the agricultural community. Their staff who deal with clients are known as stock and station agents.In his book Simon Ville states: "The term stock and station agent is variously defined as the buying and selling of rural properties and stock or dealing in land, products and supplies, ''Macquarie Dictionary'' (2nd edn, Sydney, 1988), p 985, ''Australian Concise Oxford Dictionary'' (2nd end, Melbourne, 1992) p 1141.However the business of most leading agents was much wider than this. The terms "pastoral" or "farming" agent might better convey the broad meaning. The three terms are used interchangeably in this book (''The Rural Entrepreneurs'') as was the practice of the firms themselves." Simon Ville, page 219, ''The Rural Entrepreneurs'' Cambridge University Press, 2000. They advise and represent farmers and graziers in business transactions that involve livestock, wool, fertiliser, rural property and equip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Banking Crisis Of 1893
The 1893 banking crisis in the Australian colonies involved the collapse of a considerable number of commercial banks and building societies, and a general economic depression. It occurred at the same time as the US Panic of 1893 (1893–1897). Foundations During the 1880s, there had been a speculative boom in the Australian property market. The optimistic climate was fostered by the commercial banks, and also led to the proliferation of non-bank institutions such as building societies; as they were operating in a free banking system, there were few legal restrictions on their operations, and there was no central bank or government-provided deposit guarantees. Consequently, these banks and related bodies lent extravagantly, for property development in particular, but following the collapse of the land boom after 1888, a large number of enterprises that had borrowed money found themselves unable to repay these debts, and many began to declare bankruptcy. Crisis Banks and non-b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wimmera
The Wimmera is a region of the Australian state of Victoria. The district is located within parts of the Loddon Mallee and the Grampians regions; and covers the dryland farming area south of the range of Mallee scrub, east of the South Australia border and north of the Great Dividing Range. It can also be defined as the land within the social catchment of Horsham, its main settlement. Most of the Wimmera is very flat, with only the Grampians and Mount Arapiles rising above vast plains and the low plateaux that form the Great Divide in this part of Victoria. The Grampians are very rugged and tilted, with many sheer sandstone cliffs on their eastern sides, but gentle slopes on the west. In the context of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia, the Wimmera is a sub-region of located within the Murray Darling Depression bioregion. The Wimmera is one of the nine districts in Victoria used for weather forecasting by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The Victor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
