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James D. McCaffrey
James D. McCaffrey is an American research software engineer at Microsoft Research known for his contributions to machine learning, combinatorics, and software test automation. Education McCaffrey earned a BA in experimental psychology from the University of California, Irvine, a B.A. in applied mathematics from California State University, Fullerton, an M.S. in computer science information systems from Hawaii Pacific University, and a Ph.D. in interdisciplinary computational statistics and cognitive psychology from the University of Southern California. Career Prior to joining Microsoft, McCaffrey was the Associate Vice President of Research at Volt Information Sciences in Redmond, Washington, supporting the needs of software engineers at Microsoft. He joined Microsoft as a software engineer in 2006 and worked on various Microsoft products, including Exchange Server, Azure, and Bing. He then became a research software engineer at Microsoft Research, where he directs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or 'right' bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. Specific forms of the mark include parentheses (also called "rounded brackets"), square brackets, curly brackets (also called 'braces'), and angle brackets (also called 'chevrons'), as well as various less common pairs of symbols. As well as signifying the overall class of punctuation, the word "bracket" is commonly used to refer to a specific form of bracket, which varies from region to region. In most English-speaking countries, an unqualified word "bracket" refers to the parenthesis (round bracket); in the United States, the square bracket. Glossary of mathematical sym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsoft Azure
Microsoft Azure, often referred to as Azure ( , ), is a cloud computing platform operated by Microsoft for application management via around the world-distributed data centers. Microsoft Azure has multiple capabilities such as software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and supports many different programming languages, tools, and frameworks, including both Microsoft-specific and third-party software and systems. Azure, announced at Microsoft's Professional Developers Conference (PDC) in October 2008, went by the internal project codename "Project Red Dog", and was formally released in February 2010 as Windows Azure, before being renamed Microsoft Azure on March 25, 2014. Services Microsoft Azure uses large-scale virtualization at Microsoft data centers worldwide and it offers more than 600 services. Compute services * Virtual machines, infrastructure as a service (IaaS) allowing users to launch general-purpose Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combinatorial Number System
In mathematics, and in particular in combinatorics, the combinatorial number system of degree ''k'' (for some positive integer ''k''), also referred to as combinadics, or the Macaulay representation of an integer, is a correspondence between natural numbers (taken to include 0) ''N'' and ''k''-combinations. The combinations are represented as strictly decreasing sequences ''c''''k'' > ... > ''c''2 > ''c''1 ≥ 0 where each ''ci'' corresponds to the index of a chosen element in a given ''k''-combination. Distinct numbers correspond to distinct ''k''-combinations, and produce them in lexicographic order. The numbers less than \tbinom nk correspond to all of . The correspondence does not depend on the size ''n'' of the set that the ''k''-combinations are taken from, so it can be interpreted as a map from N to the ''k''-combinations taken from N; in this view the correspondence is a bijection. The number ''N'' corresponding to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combinadic
In mathematics, and in particular in combinatorics, the combinatorial number system of degree ''k'' (for some positive integer ''k''), also referred to as combinadics, or the Macaulay representation of an integer, is a correspondence between natural numbers (taken to include 0) ''N'' and ''k''- combinations. The combinations are represented as strictly decreasing sequences ''c''''k'' > ... > ''c''2 > ''c''1 ≥ 0 where each ''ci'' corresponds to the index of a chosen element in a given ''k''-combination. Distinct numbers correspond to distinct ''k''-combinations, and produce them in lexicographic order. The numbers less than \tbinom nk correspond to all of . The correspondence does not depend on the size ''n'' of the set that the ''k''-combinations are taken from, so it can be interpreted as a map from N to the ''k''-combinations taken from N; in this view the correspondence is a bijection. The number ''N'' correspondin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Factorial Number System
In combinatorics, the factorial number system, also called factoradic, is a mixed radix numeral system adapted to numbering permutations. It is also called factorial base, although factorials do not function as base, but as place value of digits. By converting a number less than ''n''! to factorial representation, one obtains a sequence of ''n'' digits that can be converted to a permutation of ''n'' elements in a straightforward way, either using them as Lehmer code or as inversion table representation; in the former case the resulting map from integers to permutations of ''n'' elements lists them in lexicographical order. General mixed radix systems were studied by Georg Cantor. The term "factorial number system" is used by Knuth, while the French equivalent "numération factorielle" was first used in 1888. The term "factoradic", which is a portmanteau of factorial and mixed radix, appears to be of more recent date.The term "factoradic" is apparently introduced in . Definitio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Factoradic
In combinatorics, the factorial number system, also called factoradic, is a mixed radix numeral system adapted to numbering permutations. It is also called factorial base, although factorials do not function as base, but as place value of digits. By converting a number less than ''n''! to factorial representation, one obtains a sequence of ''n'' digits that can be converted to a permutation of ''n'' elements in a straightforward way, either using them as Lehmer code or as inversion table representation; in the former case the resulting map from integers to permutations of ''n'' elements lists them in lexicographical order. General mixed radix systems were studied by Georg Cantor. The term "factorial number system" is used by Knuth, while the French equivalent "numération factorielle" was first used in 1888. The term "factoradic", which is a portmanteau of factorial and mixed radix, appears to be of more recent date.The term "factoradic" is apparently introduced in . Def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-Attribute Global Inference Of Quality
Multi-attribute global inference of quality (MAGIQ) is a multi-criteria decision analysis technique. MAGIQ is based on a hierarchical decomposition of comparison attributes and rating assignment using rank order centroids. Description The MAGIQ technique is used to assign a single, overall measure of quality to each member of a set of systems where each system has an arbitrary number of comparison attributes. The MAGIQ technique has features similar to the analytic hierarchy process and the simple multi-attribute rating technique exploiting ranks (SMARTER) technique. The MAGIQ technique was first published by James D. McCaffrey. The MAGIQ process begins with an evaluator determining which system attributes are to be used as the basis for system comparison. These attributes are ranked by importance to the particular problem domain, and the ranks are converted to ratings using rank order centroids. Each system under analysis is ranked against each comparison attribute and the ranks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speech Recognition
Speech recognition is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science and computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enable the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers with the main benefit of searchability. It is also known as automatic speech recognition (ASR), computer speech recognition or speech to text (STT). It incorporates knowledge and research in the computer science, linguistics and computer engineering fields. The reverse process is speech synthesis. Some speech recognition systems require "training" (also called "enrollment") where an individual speaker reads text or isolated vocabulary into the system. The system analyzes the person's specific voice and uses it to fine-tune the recognition of that person's speech, resulting in increased accuracy. Systems that do not use training are called "speaker-independent" systems. Systems that use training are called "speaker dependent". Speech recognition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bee Colony
A beehive is an enclosed structure in which some honey bee species of the subgenus ''Honey bee, Apis'' live and raise their young. Though the word ''beehive'' is commonly used to describe the nest of any bee colony, scientific and professional literature distinguishes ''nest'' from ''hive''. ''Nest'' is used to discuss colonies that house themselves in natural or artificial cavities or are hanging and exposed. ''Hive'' is used to describe an artificial/man-made structure to house a honey bee nest. Several species of ''Apis'' live in colonies, but for honey production the western honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') and the eastern honey bee (''Apis cerana'') are the main species kept in hives. The nest's internal structure is a densely packed group of Triangular prismatic honeycomb#Hexagonal prismatic honeycomb, hexagonal prismatic cells made of beeswax, called a honeycomb. The bees use the cells to store food (honey and pollen) and to house the Bee brood, brood (eggs, larvae, and pupa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swarm Intelligence
Swarm intelligence (SI) is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. The concept is employed in work on artificial intelligence. The expression was introduced by Gerardo Beni and Jing Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems. SI systems consist typically of a population of simple agents or boids interacting locally with one another and with their environment.Hu, J.; Turgut, A.; Krajnik, T.; Lennox, B.; Arvin, F.,Occlusion-Based Coordination Protocol Design for Autonomous Robotic Shepherding Tasks IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, 2020. The inspiration often comes from nature, especially biological systems. The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between such agents lead to the emergence of "intelligent" global behavior, unknown to the individual a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
