|
JREAP
{{Unreferenced, date=June 2019, bot=noref (GreenC bot) The Joint Range Extension Applications Protocol (JREAP) enables tactical data messages to be transmitted over long-distance networks, e.g. satellite links, thereby extending the range of Tactical Data Links (TDLs). JREAP is documented in U.S. Military Standard (MIL-STD) 3011 and NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 5518, "Interoperability Standard for the Joint Range Extension Applications Protocol (JREAP)." Purpose JREAP was developed due to the need to communicate data over long distances without degradation to the message format or content. JREAP takes the message from the format it was originally formatted in and changes the protocol so that the message can be transmitted over Beyond Line-of Sight media. JREAP is the protocol and message structure for the transmission and reception of pre-formatted messages over communications media other than those for which these messages were designed. JREAP provides a founda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standardization Agreement
In NATO, a standardization agreement (STANAG, redundantly: STANAG agreement) defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the alliance. Each NATO state ratifies a STANAG and implements it within its own military. The purpose is to provide common operational and administrative procedures and logistics, so one member nation's military may use the stores and support of another member's military. STANAGs also form the basis for technical interoperability between a wide variety of communication and information systems (CIS) essential for NATO and Allied operations. The Allied Data Publication 34 (ADatP-34) NATO Interoperability Standards and Profiles which is covered by STANAG 5524, maintains a catalogue of relevant information and communication technology standards. STANAGs are published in English and French, the two official languages of NATO, by the NATO Standardization Office in Bru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
STANAG 5602
In NATO, a standardization agreement (STANAG, redundantly: STANAG agreement) defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the alliance. Each NATO state ratifies a STANAG and implements it within its own military. The purpose is to provide common operational and administrative procedures and logistics, so one member nation's military may use the stores and support of another member's military. STANAGs also form the basis for technical interoperability between a wide variety of communication and information systems (CIS) essential for NATO and Allied operations. The Allied Data Publication 34 (ADatP-34) NATO Interoperability Standards and Profiles which is covered by STANAG 5524, maintains a catalogue of relevant information and communication technology standards. STANAGs are published in English and French, the two official languages of NATO, by the NATO Standardization Office in Bru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Link 16
Link 16 is a military tactical data link network used by NATO and nations allowed by the MIDS International Program Office (IPO). Its specification is part of the family of Tactical Data Links. With Link 16, military aircraft as well as ships and ground forces may exchange their tactical picture in near-real time. Link 16 also supports the exchange of text messages, imagery data and provides two channels of digital voice (2.4 kbit/s or 16 kbit/s in any combination). Link 16 is defined as one of the digital services of the JTIDS / MIDS in NATO's '' Standardization Agreement'' STANAG 5516. MIL-STD-6016 is the related United States Department of Defense Link 16 MIL-STD. Technical characteristics Link 16 is a TDMA-based secure, jam-resistant, high-speed digital data link which operates in the radio frequency band 960–1,215 MHz, allocated in line with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio regulations to the ''aeronautical radionavigation'' ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-TADIL J
S-TADIL J, or Satellite TADIL J, is a real-time Beyond Line-of-Sight (BLOS) Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) supporting the exchange of the same J Series message set that is implemented on Link-16 via the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS). S-TADIL J provides for robust continuous connectivity between Navy ships that are beyond JTIDS line-of-sight (LOS) transmission range. S-TADIL J is designed to support and significantly improve long-range TADIL connectivity between widely dispersed fleet operational forces. With the deployment of S-TADIL J, operational units will have three possible data link paths that can be used to support multi-ship data link-coordinated operations. S-TADIL J supports the same levels of surveillance and weapon coordination data exchange provided by Link-11 TADIL-A/Link 11 is a secure half-duplex tactical data link used by NATO to exchange digital data. It was originally developed by a joint committee including members fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIL-STD
A United States defense standard, often called a military standard, "MIL-STD", "MIL-SPEC", or (informally) "MilSpecs", is used to help achieve standardization objectives by the U.S. Department of Defense. Standardization is beneficial in achieving interoperability, ensuring products meet certain requirements, commonality, reliability, total cost of ownership, compatibility with logistics systems, and similar defense-related objectives. Defense standards are also used by other non-defense government organizations, technical organizations, and industry. This article discusses definitions, history, and usage of defense standards. Related documents, such as defense handbooks and defense specifications, are also addressed. Definition of document types Although the official definitions differentiate between several types of documents, all of these documents go by the general rubric of "military standard", including defense specifications, handbooks, and standards. Strictly speaking, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TADIL-J
TADIL-J refers to the system of standardized J-series messages which are known by NATO as Link 16. These are defined by U.S. military standard (MIL-STD) 6016. It is used by the U.S. Navy, U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Coast Guard, the NSA, several NATO countries, and Japan as part of the Multi-Tactical Data Link Network, a Tactical Data Link. TADIL J was designed as an improved data link used to exchange near real-time (NRT) information. It is a communication, navigation, and identification system that supports information exchange between tactical command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) systems. The radio transmission and reception component of TADIL J is the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) or its successor, the Multifunctional Information Distribution System (MIDS). These high-capacity, ultra high frequency (UHF), line of sight (LOS), frequency-hopping data communications terminals provide secure, j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tactical Data Link
A tactical data link (TDL) uses a data link standard in order to provide communication via radio waves or cable used by NATO nations. All military C3 systems use standardized TDL to transmit, relay and receive tactical data. Multi-TDL network (MTN) refers to the network of similar and dissimilar TDLs integrated through gateways, translators, and correlators to bring the common tactical picture and/or common operational picture together. Change of terminology The term ''tactical digital information link (TADIL)'' was made obsolete (per DISA guidance) and is now more commonly seen as ''tactical data link (TDL)''. Tactical data link character TDLs are characterized by their standard message and transmission formats. This is usually written as <Message Format>/<Transmission Format>. TDL standards in NATO In NATO, tactical data link standards are being developed by the ''Data Link Working Group (DLWG)'' of the ''Information Systems Sub-Committee (ISSC)'' in l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Tactics
Military tactics encompasses the art of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, Mobility (military), mobility, protection or security, and Shock tactics, shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the military strategy, strategic and Operational level of war, operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated Combat arms, fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks. Tactical functions Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multifunctional Information Distribution System
Multifunctional Information Distribution System (MIDS) is the NATO name for the communication component of Link-16. MID is an advanced command, control, communications, computing and intelligence ( C4I) system incorporating high-capacity, jam-resistant, digital communication links for exchange of near real-time tactical information, including both data and voice, among air, ground, and sea elements. MIDS is intended to support key theater functions such as surveillance, identification, air control, weapons engagement coordination and direction for all Services. The MIDS program includes two different families of receiver synthesizer line cards: * MIDS-LVT (Low volume terminal): LVT(1), LVT(2), or LVT(3). * MIDS-JTRS (Joint Tactical Radio System Terminals). MIDS-JTRS is a Software Defined Radio (SDR) that is compliant with the JTRS Software Communication Architecture (SCA). MIDS JTRS maintains the Link-16, J-Voice, and TACAN functionality of the older MIDS-LVT standard, and adds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TADIL-A
TADIL-A/Link 11 is a secure half-duplex tactical data link used by NATO to exchange digital data. It was originally developed by a joint committee including members from the Canadian Navy, US Navy and Royal Navy to pass accurate targeting information between ships. The final standard was signed in Ottawa in November 1957, where the British proposed the name "TIDE" for "Tactical International Data Exchange". It was later made part of the NATO STANAG standardization process. The system operates on two frequencies, one in the high frequency (HF) range for over-the-horizon (OTH) communications, and another in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range that uses much smaller antennas and is suitable for smaller ships but lacks the OTH performance. The system broadcasts packets of 30 bits length, with 6 bits of error correction and 24 bits of payload data. The payload is encrypted. Link 14 was adopted at the same time as a low-end counterpart to Link 11. Link 14 is essentially a digital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network-centric Warfare
Network-centric warfare, also called network-centric operations or net-centric warfare, is a military doctrine or theory of war that aims to translate an information advantage, enabled partly by information technology, into a competitive advantage through the computer networking of dispersed forces. It was pioneered by the United States Department of Defense in the 1990s. Background and history In 1996, Admiral William Owens introduced the concept of a ' system of systems' in a paper published by the Institute for National Security Studies in the United States. He described a system of intelligence sensors, command and control systems, and precision weapons that provided situational awareness, rapid target assessment, and distributed weapon assignment. Also in 1996, the United States' Joint Chiefs of Staff released ''Joint Vision 2010'', which introduced the military concept of full-spectrum dominance. Full Spectrum Dominance described the ability of the US military to dominat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Information Grid
The Global Information Grid (GIG) is a network of information transmission and processing maintained by the United States Department of Defense. More descriptively, it is a worldwide network of information transmission, of associated processes, and of personnel serving to collect, process, safeguard, transmit, and manage this information. It is an all-encompassing communications project of the United States Department of Defense. The GIG makes this immediately available to military personnel, to those responsible for military politics, and for support personnel. It includes all infrastructure, bought or loaned, of communications, electronics, informatics (including software and databases), and security. It is the most visible manifestation of network-centric warfare. It is the combination of technology and human activity that enables warfighters to access information on demand. It is defined as a "globally interconnected, end-to-end set of information capabilities for collectin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |