Ituglanis
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Ituglanis
''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 455–464.'' Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves. This genus was first erected for nine species previously classified in ''Trichomycterus''.Sarmento-Soares, L.M., Martins-Pinheiro, R.F., Aranda, A.T. & Chamon, C.C. (2006)''Ituglanis cahyensis'', a new catfish from Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (3): 309-318.'' ''Ituglanis'' is believed to be a monophyletic group. There may be two monophyletic groups within this genus. ''Ituglanis'' is currently considered a member of the subfamily Trichomycterinae though its position as a member of any of the current subfamilies ...
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Ituglanis Amazonicus
''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 455–464.'' Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves. This genus was first erected for nine species previously classified in '' Trichomycterus''.Sarmento-Soares, L.M., Martins-Pinheiro, R.F., Aranda, A.T. & Chamon, C.C. (2006)''Ituglanis cahyensis'', a new catfish from Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (3): 309-318.'' ''Ituglanis'' is believed to be a monophyletic group. There may be two monophyletic groups within this genus. ''Ituglanis'' is currently considered a member of the subfamily Trichomycterinae though its position as a member of any of the current subfamil ...
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Ituglanis Bambui
''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 455–464.'' Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves. This genus was first erected for nine species previously classified in '' Trichomycterus''.Sarmento-Soares, L.M., Martins-Pinheiro, R.F., Aranda, A.T. & Chamon, C.C. (2006)''Ituglanis cahyensis'', a new catfish from Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (3): 309-318.'' ''Ituglanis'' is believed to be a monophyletic group. There may be two monophyletic groups within this genus. ''Ituglanis'' is currently considered a member of the subfamily Trichomycterinae though its position as a member of any of the current subfamil ...
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Ituglanis Agreste
''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 455–464.'' Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves. This genus was first erected for nine species previously classified in '' Trichomycterus''.Sarmento-Soares, L.M., Martins-Pinheiro, R.F., Aranda, A.T. & Chamon, C.C. (2006)''Ituglanis cahyensis'', a new catfish from Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (3): 309-318.'' ''Ituglanis'' is believed to be a monophyletic group. There may be two monophyletic groups within this genus. ''Ituglanis'' is currently considered a member of the subfamily Trichomycterinae though its position as a member of any of the current subfamil ...
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Ituglanis Australis
''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 455–464.'' Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves. This genus was first erected for nine species previously classified in '' Trichomycterus''.Sarmento-Soares, L.M., Martins-Pinheiro, R.F., Aranda, A.T. & Chamon, C.C. (2006)''Ituglanis cahyensis'', a new catfish from Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (3): 309-318.'' ''Ituglanis'' is believed to be a monophyletic group. There may be two monophyletic groups within this genus. ''Ituglanis'' is currently considered a member of the subfamily Trichomycterinae though its position as a member of any of the current subfamil ...
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Ituglanis Apteryx
''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 455–464.'' Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves. This genus was first erected for nine species previously classified in '' Trichomycterus''.Sarmento-Soares, L.M., Martins-Pinheiro, R.F., Aranda, A.T. & Chamon, C.C. (2006)''Ituglanis cahyensis'', a new catfish from Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).''Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (3): 309-318.'' ''Ituglanis'' is believed to be a monophyletic group. There may be two monophyletic groups within this genus. ''Ituglanis'' is currently considered a member of the subfamily Trichomycterinae though its position as a member of any of the current subfamil ...
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Cavefish
Cavefish or cave fish is a generic term for fresh and brackish water fish adapted to life in caves and other underground habitats. Related terms are subterranean fish, troglomorphic fish, troglobitic fish, stygobitic fish, phreatic fish and hypogean fish.Romero, Aldemaro, editor (2001). ''The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.'' Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. Helfman, G.S. (2007). ''Fish Conservation: A Guide to Understanding and Restoring Global Aquatic Biodiversity and Fishery Resources'', pp. 41–42. Island Press. There are more than 200 scientifically described species of obligate cavefish found on all continents, except Antarctica. Although widespread as a group, many cavefish species have very small ranges and are seriously threatened.Fenolio, D.B.; Zhao, Y.; Niemiller, M.L.; and Stout, J. (2013). ''In-situ observations of seven enigmatic cave loaches and one cave barbel from Guangxi, China, with notes on conservation status.'' Speleobiology Notes 5: 19-33.Proud ...
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Trichomycteridae
Trichomycteridae is a family of catfishes commonly known as pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes. This family includes the candiru fish (''Vandellia cirrhosa''), feared by some people for its alleged habit of entering into the urethra of humans. They are one of the few parasitic chordates. Another species is the life monsefuano (''Trichomycterus punctulatus'') which was important to the Moche culture and still an important part of Peruvian cuisine.FondazioneslowfoodLife monsefuano.Retrieved 28 April 2017. This family is prohibited from being imported into various parts of the United States. Taxonomy The Trichomycteridae comprise about 42 genera and 286 species described. It is the second-most diverse family of the superfamily Loricarioidea. Numerous species still remain undescribed. The monophyly of Trichomycteridae is well-supported. The family is divided into eight subfamilies. The only subfamily that is not monophyletic is the largest one, Trichomycterinae. A large cla ...
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Trichomycterinae
The Trichomycterinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes six genera, '' Bullockia'', '' Hatcheria'', '' Rhizosomichthys'', and '' Eremophilus'', all monotypic, '' Silvinichthys'' with two species, and '' Trichomycterus'', with over 100 species. The former five genera are diagnosed by putatively apomorphic characters, whereas ''Trichomycterus'' is defined by the lack of those specializations and is likely not monophyletic. This subfamily has historically served as much of a wastebasket for trichomycterids that lack the specializations of the other subfamilies. Species of Trichomycterinae dwell in headwaters and small, cold clear water streams running over stony beds. Due to the patchy distribution of their habitats, trichomycterines generally have restricted geographic distributions, thus display a high level of endemism Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an is ...
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Sérgio Maia Queiroz Lima
Sergius is a male given name of Ancient Roman origin after the name of the Latin ''gens'' Sergia or Sergii of regal and republican ages. It is a common Christian name, in honor of Saint Sergius, or in Russia, of Saint Sergius of Radonezh, and has been the name of four popes. It has given rise to numerous variants, present today mainly in the Romance (Serge, Sergio, Sergi) and Slavic languages (Serhii, Sergey, Serguei). It is not common in English, although the Anglo-French name Sergeant is possibly related to it. Etymology The name originates from the Roman ''nomen'' (patrician family name) ''Sergius'', after the name of the Roman ''gens'' of Latin origins Sergia or Sergii from Alba Longa, Old Latium, counted by Theodor Mommsen as one of the oldest Roman families, one of the original 100 ''gentes originarie''. It has been speculated to derive from a more ancient Etruscan name but the etymology of the nomen Sergius is problematic. Chase hesitantly suggests a connection with the ...
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Cinara Pinheiro Neves
''Cinara'', the conifer aphids or giant conifer aphids, is a genus of aphids in the family Aphididae. They are widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. These aphids specialize on conifers in the pine and cypress families.Jousselin, E., et al. (2013)Is ecological speciation a major trend in aphids? Insights from a molecular phylogeny of the conifer-feeding genus ''Cinara''.''Frontiers in Zoology'' 10 56. Some species are pests that attack cultivated Christmas trees. The parasitoid wasp species in the genus ''Pauesia'' are specific to the genus. ''Cinara cedri'' has been shown to host three symbionts: '' Buchnera aphidicola'', a secondary symbiont, and bacteria in the genus '' Wolbachia''. There are about 243 species in this genus. Species include: * ''Cinara abietis'' * ''Cinara acutirostris'' * ''Cinara cedri'' * ''Cinara confinis'' * ''Cinara cupressi'' * ''Cinara fornacula'' * ''Cinara laricis'' * ''Cinara piceae'' * ''Cinara piceicola'' * ''Cinara pini'' * ''Cinara pilic ...
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Rafael Moreira Campos-Paiva
Rafael may refer to: * Rafael (given name) or Raphael, a name of Hebrew origin * Rafael, California * Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Israeli manufacturer of weapons and military technology * Hurricane Rafael, a 2012 hurricane Fiction * ''Rafael'' (TV series), a Mexican telenovela * ''Rafaël'' (film), a 2018 Dutch film People * Rafael (footballer, born 1978) (Rafael Pires Vieira), Brazilian football striker * Rafael (footballer, born 1979) (Rafael da Silva Santos), Brazilian football defender * Rafael (footballer, born 1980) (Rafael Pereira da Silva), Brazilian football right-back * Rafael (footballer, born March 1982) (Rafael de Andrade Bittencourt Pinheiro), Brazilian football goalkeeper * Rafael (footballer, born August 1982) (Rafael dos Santos Silva), Brazilian football striker * Rafael (footballer, born 1984) (Alberto Rafael da Silva), Brazilian football goalkeeper * Rafael (footballer, born 1986) (Rafael Diego de Souza), Brazilian football centre-back * Ra ...
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