''Ituglanis'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of small

freshwater fish Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine conditions in many ways, especially the difference in levels of s ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Trichomycteridae native to

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)
''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 455–464.'' Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves. This genus was first erected for nine

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

previously classified in '' Trichomycterus''.Sarmento-Soares, L.M., Martins-Pinheiro, R.F., Aranda, A.T. & Chamon, C.C. (2006)
''Ituglanis cahyensis'', a new catfish from Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (3): 309-318.'' ''Ituglanis'' is believed to be a

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

group. There may be two monophyletic groups within this genus. ''Ituglanis'' is currently considered a member of the subfamily

Trichomycterinae The Trichomycterinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes six genera, '' Bullockia'', '' Hatcheria'', '' Rhizosomichthys'', and '' Eremophilus'', all monotypic, '' Silvinichthys'' with two ...

though its position as a member of any of the current subfamilies has been questioned.Campos-Paiva, R.M. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2007)
''Ituglanis paraguassuensis'' sp. n. (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae): a new catfish from the rio Paraguaçu, northeastern Brazil.
''Zootaxa, 1471: 53-59.'' Instead, it has been suggested to be the

sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...

of a large

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

composed of the

Glanapteryginae The Glanapteryginae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes four genera, ''Glanapteryx'', '' Listrura'', '' Pygidianops'', and '' Typhlobelus''. Phylogeny Monophyly of the subfamily is suppor ...

Sarcoglanidinae The Sarcoglanidinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes six genera: '' Ammoglanis'', '' Malacoglanis'', '' Microcambeva'', '' Sarcoglanis'', '' Stauroglanis'', and '' Stenolicmus''. Taxono ...

Stegophilinae The Stegophilinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes 12 genera: '' Acanthopoma'', '' Apomatoceros'', '' Haemomaster'', '' Henonemus'', '' Homodiaetus'', '' Megalocentor'', ''Ochmacanthus ...

, Tridentinae and

Vandelliinae The Vandelliinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. Vandelliines are hematophagous, feeding on the blood of larger fish. Members of this subfamily may be known as candirú, notorious for occasionall ...

Species

There are currently 26 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Ituglanis agreste ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish f ...

'' S.M. Q. Lima, C. P. Neves & Campos-Paiva, 2013 Lima, S.M.Q., Neves, C.P. & Campos-Paiva, R.M. (2013)
''Ituglanis agreste'', a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (3): 513-524.'' * ''

Ituglanis amazonicus ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish f ...

'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1882) * '' Ituglanis apteryx'' Datovo, 2014 Datovo, A. (2014)
A new species of ''Ituglanis'' from the Rio Xingu basin, Brazil, and the evolution of pelvic fin loss in trichomycterid catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Zootaxa, 3790 (3): 466–476.'' * ''

Ituglanis australis ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish f ...

'' Datovo & de Pinna, 2014 Datovo, A. & Pinna, M.C.C.d. (2014): A new species of ''Ituglanis'' representing the southernmost record of the genus, with comments on phylogenetic relationships (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). ''Journal of Fish Biology, 84 (2): 314–327.'' * ''

Ituglanis bambui ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish f ...

'' Bichuette & Trajano, 2004 * '' Ituglanis boitata'' Ferrer, Donin & L. R. Malabarba, 2015 Ferrer, J., Donin, L.M. & Malabarba, L.R. (2015)
A new species of ''Ituglanis'' Costa & Bockmann, 1993 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) endemic to the Tramandaí–Mampituba ecoregion, southern Brazil.
''Zootaxa, 4020 (2): 375-389.'' * '' Ituglanis boticario'' Rizzato & Bichuette, 2015 Rizzato, P.P. & Bichuette, M.E. (2015)
''Ituglanis boticario'', a new troglomorphic catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Mambaí karst area, central Brazil.
''Zoologia, 31 (6): 577–598.'' * '' Ituglanis cahyensis'' Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, Aranda & Chamon, 2006 * '' Ituglanis eichhorniarum'' ( A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912) Koerber, S. & Azpelicueta, M.d.l.M. (2014)
Correction of the spelling of ''Trichomycterus eichhorniarum'' Miranda Ribeiro, 1912 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Zootaxa, 3852 (5): 599-599.'' * '' Ituglanis epikarsticus'' Bichuette & Trajano, 2004 * '' Ituglanis goya'' Datovo, P. P. U. Aquino & Langeani, 2016 Datovo, A., Aquino, P.d.P.U.d. & Langeani, F.(2016): A new species of ''Ituglanis'' (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Tocantins and Paranaíba river basins, central Brazil, with remarks on the systematics of the genus. ''Zootaxa, 4171 (3): 439–458.'' * '' Ituglanis gracilior'' ( C. H. Eigenmann, 1912) * '' Ituglanis guayaberensis'' ( Dahl, 1960) * '' Ituglanis herberti'' ( P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1940) * '' Ituglanis ina'' Wosiacki, Dutra &

Mendonça Mendonça () is a Portuguese and Galician surname of Basque origin. It sometimes appears as the anglicized forms ''Mendonca'' or ''Mendonsa''. The Spanish variant is Mendoza. The name has been often linked with royalty. The name may refer to: ...

, 2012 Wosiacki, W.B., Dutra, G.M. & Mendonça, M.B. (2012)
Description of a new species of ''Ituglanis'' (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra dos Carajás, rio Tocantins basin.
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (3): 547-554.'' * '' Ituglanis laticeps'' ( Kner, 1863) * '' Ituglanis macunaima'' Datovo & Landim, 2005 * '' Ituglanis mambai'' Bichuette & Trajano, 2008 * '' Ituglanis metae'' ( C. H. Eigenmann, 1917) * '' Ituglanis nebulosus'' de Pinna &

Keith Keith may refer to: People and fictional characters * Keith (given name), includes a list of people and fictional characters * Keith (surname) * Keith (singer), American singer James Keefer (born 1949) * Baron Keith, a line of Scottish barons ...

, 2003 * '' Ituglanis paraguassuensis'' Campos-Paiva & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2007 * '' Ituglanis parahybae'' ( C. H. Eigenmann, 1918) * '' Ituglanis parkoi'' ( P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944) * '' Ituglanis passensis'' L. A. Fernández & Bichuette, 2002 * '' Ituglanis proops'' ( A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908) * '' Ituglanis ramiroi'' Bichuette & Trajano, 2004

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5023132 Trichomycteridae Catfish of South America Catfish genera Freshwater fish genera