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Iranian Parliament Religious Minority Reserved Seats
There are five reserved seats in the Iranian Parliament for the religious minorities. After the Persian Constitutional Revolution, the Constitution of 1906 provided for reserved Parliamentary seats granted to the recognized religious minorities, a provision maintained after the 1979 Iranian Revolution. There are two seats for Armenians and one for each other minority: Assyrians, Jews and Zoroastrians. Given that the Bahá'í Faith is not recognized, they do not have seats in the parliament. Sunni Muslims have no specific reserved seats, but can take part in the ordinary election process at all constitutional levels. Sunni members of parliament are mostly from areas with strong Sunni ethnic minorities like Baluchistan Balochistan ( ; bal, بلۏچستان; also romanised as Baluchistan and Baluchestan) is a historical region in Western Asia, Western and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian S .... List Lis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reserved Seats
Several politico-constitutional arrangements use reserved political positions, especially when endeavoring to ensure the rights of women, minorities or other segments of society, or preserving a political balance of power. These arrangements can distort the democratic principle of '' one person - one vote'' in order to address special circumstances. Countries with reserved seats Europe Armenia Since the 2015 Armenian constitutional referendum, electoral law requires that four seats for ethnic minorities (one Russians, Yezidis, Assyrians and Kurds each) are allocated in the National Assembly. Belgium The Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region in Belgium includes 17 reserved seats for the Flemish minority, on a total of 89, but there are no separate electorates. Croatia Croatia reserves eight seats from the minorities and three for citizens living abroad in its parliament. There are three seats for Serbs, one for Italians, and a few more for other ethnic groups, where a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2000 Iranian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 18 February 2000, with a second round on 5 May. The result was a solid victory for 2nd of Khordad Front and its allies, the reformist supporters of President Mohammad Khatami. Campaign A total of 6,083 candidates contested the elections. 225 of the 290 seats were won in the first round of voting. Registration process took place between 11 and 16 December 1999. Main reformist coalition lists were "2nd of Khordad Press" and "Coalition of 15 Groups Supporting 2nd of Khordad" (including 11 out of 18 members in the 2nd of Khordad Front) and main principlist coalition was Coalition of Followers of the Line of Imam and Leader. Rest of lists were issued by solitary parties. For the first time Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran issued an electoral list and was able to win two exclusive seats ( Alireza Rajaei in Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr and Rahman Kargosha in Arak, Komijan and Khondab) but the Guardian Council dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion In Iran
Religion in Iran has been shaped by multiple religions and sects over the course of the country's history. Zoroastrianism was the main followed religion during the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC), the Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD), and the Sasanian Empire (224–651 AD). In 651 AD, the Rashidun Caliphate conquered Persia and spread Islam as the main religion. Sunnism was the predominant form of Islam before the devastating Mongol conquest, but subsequently, Shi'ism became eventually utterly dominant in all of Iran with the advent of the Safavids.Fensham, F. Charles, "The books of Ezra and Nehemiah" ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2020 Iranian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Iran on 21 February 2020, four years after the previous legislative election in 2016. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, the second round, to elect eleven seats, was postponed until 11 September 2020. Candidates had to be approved by the Guardian Council, and of the 14,000 applying to run for the Islamic Consultative Assembly legislature, 6,850 were rejected, including 90 current members of the Assembly (who were approved to run in the last election). "Moderates and conservatives" were mostly rejected by the Council and "hardliners" approved (according to Parisa Hefzi); while another observer believed some of the rejected were corrupt and others lacking sufficient loyalty to the regime. Background Electoral system The 290-seat Islamic Consultative Assembly consists of 285 directly elected members and five seats reserved for the Zoroastrians, Jews, Assyrian and Chaldean Christians and Armenians (one for Armenians in the north of Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 Iranian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 26 February 2016 to elect members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly for all seats in the 10th parliament in the Islamic Republic era and the 34th since the Persian Constitutional Revolution. A second round was held on 29 April 2016 for some constituencies where candidates failed to obtain the required minimum 25 percent of votes cast. The elected MPs served from 28 May 2016 to 27 May 2020. The election was held as part of a general election which also elected members of the Assembly of Experts. This election was the first time that both bodies were elected simultaneously. There were 54,915,024 registered voters (in Iran, the voting age is 18). More than 12,000 people filed to run for office. 5,200 candidates, mostly Reformists, were rejected by the Guardian Council and 612 individuals withdrew. Electoral system The 290-seat Islamic Consultative Assembly has 285 directly elected members and five seats reserved for the Zoroastria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Iranian Legislative Election
, seats5 = 9 , percentage5 = 3.10% , colour6 = 000000 , image6 = , leader6 = Shahabodin Sadr , alliance6 = Insight and Islamic Awakening Front , party6 = — , leaders_seat6 = Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr(''disqualified'') , seats6 = 7 , percentage6 = 2.41% , colour7 = FFFF00 , image7 = , leader7 = Ali Motahari , alliance7 = People's Voice , party7 = — , leaders_seat7 = Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr , seats7 = 2 , percentage7 = 0.68% , colour8 = 228B22 , image8 = , leader8 = ''Mohammad Khatami'' , alliance8 =''Council for coordinating the Reforms Front'' , party8 = — , leaders_seat8 = ''Did not stand'' , seats8 = — , percentage8 = ''0''% , title = Speaker , before_election = Ali Larijani , after_election = Ali Larijani , before_party = United Front of Principlists , after_party = United Front of Principlists The parliamentary election for the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esfandiar Ekhtiyari
Esfandiar Ekhtiyari, ( fa, اسفندیار اختیاری, born 1966), full name Esfandiar Ekhtiyari Kasnavieh Yazd ( fa, اسفندیار اختیاری کسنویه یزد), is a Zoroastrian Iranian scientist and politician. He is both a professor in Textile Engineering at Yazd University, and the incumbent holder of the Iranian Parliament's reserved seat for the Zoroastrian minority since 2008. As a Member of Parliament, he speaks on behalf of the Zoroastrian community of Iran. He has rebuked, and worked to prevent or end, laws and practices discriminatory towards his coreligionists. He is a member of the Education and Research Committee of the Iranian Parliament. Personal life and academic career Ekhtiyari was born in Yazd in 1966. He received his bachelor's degree, master's degree, and PhD degrees at the Amirkabir University of Technology in Tehran from 1985 to 2001. His PhD degrees are in Textile Technology and in Management. Now an assistant professor in the Textile Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siamak Moreh Sedgh
Siyamak More Sedgh ( fa, سیامک مرهصدق, Siyāmak More-Sedq; born 1965) are a Iranian Jews, Jewish Iranian politician and doctor who was the holder of the Iranian Parliament's Iranian Parliament religious minority reserved seats, reserved seat for the Jewish minority from 2008 to 2020, and is also the chairman of the Jewish charity, Jewish charitable institution Dr. Sapir Hospital and Charity Center. He has been referred to as Iran's "No. 1 Jew." In his political capacity, More Sedgh has made efforts to improve the position of Jews in Iranian law and society, such as by allowing Jewish children in public schools to not go to school on Saturdays. He supports gradual reforms within the current Islamist framework. In foreign policy, he has repeatedly criticized Israel, which he has dubbed the "Zionist regime". He supported the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal, Iran nuclear deal. A trained surgeon, he has referred to his work as a doctor at Dr. Sapir Hospital as his "first passion" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Assyrian Union
In its most general sense, the term "world" refers to the totality of entities, to the whole of reality or to everything that is. The nature of the world has been conceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the world as unique while others talk of a "plurality of worlds". Some treat the world as one simple object while others analyze the world as a complex made up of many parts. In ''scientific cosmology'' the world or universe is commonly defined as " e totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be". '' Theories of modality'', on the other hand, talk of possible worlds as complete and consistent ways how things could have been. '' Phenomenology'', starting from the horizon of co-given objects present in the periphery of every experience, defines the world as the biggest horizon or the "horizon of all horizons". In ''philosophy of mind'', the world is commonly contrasted with the mind as that which is represented by the mind. ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Iranian Legislative Election
Legislative elections for Majlis of Iran were held on 14 March 2008, with a second round held on 25 April 2008. Conservatives loyal to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad were considered the victors of the election, at least in part because "all the most prominent" reformist candidates were disqualified from running. Qualification of candidates and campaign A few months before the election on December 14, 2007, twenty-one moderate and reformist parties formed a coalition centered on Mohammad Khatami to increase their chances in the election. However, around 1,700 candidates were barred from running by the Guardian Council vetting body, the Supervisory and Executive Election Boards, on the grounds that they were not sufficiently loyal to the Iranian revolution. These included 90% of "independent and reformist candidates," 19 sitting MPs, and Ayatollah Khomeini's grandson, Ali Eshraghi, who complained, "What saddens me most is the method of discernment used y the Council of Guardians . . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Beglarian
Robert Beglarian ( fa, روبرت بگلریان, hy, Ռոբերտ Բեգլարեան) is an Iranian MP of Armenian descent, and the current representative of the Armenian community of southern Iran in the parliament. Biography He was born in 1961 in Tehran. In March 2015, along with fellow Armenian MP Karen Khanlaryan, Beglaryan was invited to present before the entire Assembly a motion condemning the Armenian genocide. As of 2015, he is one of the two Armenian representatives in the Iranian parliament. Electoral history 2004 parliament election In 2004, Beglarian was elected for the first time and became an MP. His colleague Gevorg Vartan was elected as the representative and MP for the Armenian community of Northern Iran. 2008 parliament election Beglarian was elected in March 2008 to represent Iran's Christian Armenian minority in southern Iran. Beglarian won most of the received votes in the nationwide parliamentary election on March 14, the headquarters said in a stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2004 Iranian Legislative Election
The Iranian parliamentary elections of February 20 and May 7, 2004 were a victory for Islamic conservatives over the reformist parties. Assisting the conservative victory was the disqualification of about 2500 reformist candidates earlier in January. Background The first round of the 2004 elections to the Iranian Parliament were held on February 20, 2004. Most of the 290 seats were decided at that time but a runoff was held 2½ months later on May 7, 2004, for the remaining thirty-nine seats where no candidate gained sufficient votes in the first round. In the Tehran area, the runoff elections were postponed to be held with the Iranian presidential election of June 17, 2005. The elections took place amidst a serious political crisis following the January 2004 decision to ban about 2500 candidates — nearly half of the total — including 80 sitting Parliament deputies. This decision, by the conservative Council of Guardians vetting body, "shattered any pretense of Iranian democr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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