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Ion Transporter Superfamily
The ion transporter (IT) superfamily is a protein superfamily, superfamily of secondary carriers that transport proteins, transport charged substrates. Families As of early 2016, the currently recognized and functionally defined families that make up the IT superfamily include: 2.A.8- Gluconate-Proton symporter, The Gluconate:H+ Symporter (GntP) Family 2.A.11- Citrate symporter, The Citrate-Mg2+:H+ (CitM) Citrate-Ca2+:H+ (CitH) Symporter (CitMHS) Family 2.A.13- C4-dicarboxylate uptake, The C4-Dicarboxylate Uptake (Dcu) Family 2.A.14- Lactate permease, The Lactate Permease (LctP) Family 2.A.34- NhaB family, The NhaB Na+:H+ Antiporter (NhaB) Family 2.A.35- NhaC family, The NhaC Na+:H+ Antiporter (NhaC) Family 2.A.45- ArsB and ArsAB transporters, The Arsenite-Antimonite (ArsB) Efflux Family 2.A.47- Divalent anion-Sodium symporter, The Divalent Anion:Na+ Symporter (DASS) Family 2.A.61- DcuC family, The C4-dicarboxylate Uptake C (DcuC) Family 2.A.62- NhaD family, The NhaD Na+:H+ Anti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Superfamily
A protein superfamily is the largest grouping (clade) of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology (biology), homology). Usually this common ancestry is inferred from structural alignment and mechanistic similarity, even if no sequence similarity is evident. Sequence homology can then be deduced even if not apparent (due to low sequence similarity). Superfamilies typically contain several protein families which show sequence similarity within each family. The term ''protein clan'' is commonly used for protease and glycosyl hydrolases superfamilies based on the MEROPS and CAZy classification systems. Identification Superfamilies of proteins are identified using a number of methods. Closely related members can be identified by different methods to those needed to group the most evolutionarily divergent members. Sequence similarity Historically, the similarity of different amino acid sequences has been the most common method of inferring Sequence homology, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pho1 Family
The Pho1 phosphate permease familyTC# 2.A.94 is a family of phosphate transporters belonging to the ion transporter (IT) superfamily. Representative members of the Pho1 family include the putative phosphate transporter PHO1 of ''Arabidopsis thaliana''TC# 2.A.94.1.1, and the xenotropic and polytropic murine-leukemia virus receptor Xpr1 of '' Culex pipiens''TC# 2.A.94.1.2. Pho1 Pho1 of ''A. thaliana'' is a member of the PHO1 family (11 paralogues in ''A. thaliana''). This protein is 782 amino acyl residues in length and possesses 7 transmembrane segments (TMSs). It functions in inorganic phosphate transport and homeostasis. Pho1 catalyzes efflux of phosphate from epidermal and cortical cells into the xylem. The SPX superfamily domain is an N-terminal soluble domain. These proteins belong to the EXS (Erd1/Xpr1/Syg1) superfamily. The generalized reaction catalyzed by Pho1 is:Pi (cells) → Pi (xylem) See also * Phosphate permease * Ion transporter superfamily * Inorganic phos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amino Acid Transporter
An amino acid transporter is a membrane transport protein that transports amino acids. They are mainly of the solute carrier family. Families There are several families that function in amino acid transport, some of these include: TC# 2.A.3- Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily TC# 2.A.18- Amino Acid/Auxin Permease (AAAP) Family TC# 2.A.23- Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na+ or H+) Symporter (DAACS) Family TC# 2.A.26- Branched Chain Amino Acid:Cation Symporter (LIVCS) Family TC# 2.A.42- Hydroxy/Aromatic Amino Acid Permease (HAAAP) Family TC# 2.A.78- Branched Chain Amino Acid Exporter (LIV-E) Family TC# 2.A.95- 6TMS Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (NAAT) Family TC# 2.A.118- Basic Amino Acid Antiporter (ArcD) Family TC# 2.A.120- Putative Amino Acid Permease (PAAP) Family Solute carrier family examples * (1) high affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter * (3) heavy subunits of heteromeric amino acid transporters * (6) Bacterial Leucine Transp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsenite-Antimonite Efflux
Arsenite-antimonite transporters are membrane transporters that pump arsenite or antimonite out of a cell. Antimonite is the salt of antimony (Sb(III)) and has been found to significantly impact the toxicity of arsenite. The similar structure of As(III) and Sb(III) makes it plausible that certain transporters function in the efflux of both substrates. Arsenic efflux transporters exist in almost every organism and serve to remove this toxic compound from the cell. Subfamilies As of early 2016, there are at least three known families of proteins known to participate in arsenite and antimonite efflux. * ArsB familyTC# 2.A.45 * ArsAB FamilyTC# 3.A.4 * Arsenical resistance-3 (ARC3) familyTC#2.A.59 The membrane transporter ArsB can function as a secondary carrier or as a primary active transporter, in which case ArsA, an ATPase, must be superimposed onto ArsB. Arsenite and antimonite can also be pumped out of the cell by members of the ARC3 family, a member of the BART superfami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Transporter
In biology, a transporter is a transmembrane protein that moves ions (or other small molecules) across a biological membrane to accomplish many different biological functions including, cellular communication, maintaining homeostasis, energy production, etc. There are different types of transporters including, pumps, uniporters, antiporters, and symporters. Active transporters or ion pumps are transporters that convert energy from various sources—including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), sunlight, and other redox reactions—to potential energy by pumping an ion up its concentration gradient. This potential energy could then be used by secondary transporters, including ion carriers and ion channels, to drive vital cellular processes, such as ATP synthesis. This page is focused mainly on ion transporters acting as pumps, but transporters can also function to move molecules through facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion does not require ATP and allows molecules, that are unable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basic Amino Acid Antiporter Family
The Basic Amino Acid Antiporter (ArcD) family (TC# 2.A.118) is a constituent of the IT superfamily. This family consists of proteins from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., ''Streptococcus'', ''Escherichia'', ''Salmonella'', ''Fusobacterium'' and ''Borrelia'' species). The proteins are of about 480 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and have 10-12 putative transmembrane segments (TMSs). Functionally characterized homologues are in the DcuCTC #2.A.61 and ArsBTC #2.A.4 families. Some members of the family probably catalyze arginine/ornithine or citrulline/ornithine antiport. See also * Ion transporter superfamily * Amino acid transporter An amino acid transporter is a membrane transport protein that transports amino acids. They are mainly of the solute carrier family. Families There are several families that function in amino acid transport, some of these include: TC# 2.A.3- ...s * DcuC * ArsB and ArsAB * Transporter Classification Database References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NhaE Family
The NhaE familyTC# 2.A.111 belongs to the Ion Transporter (IT) Superfamily, which has an end. A representative list of proteins belonging to the NhaE family can be found in thTransporter Classification Database The NhaH family consists of proteins from Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., ''Leptospira'', '' Azotobacter'', '' Neisseria'', '' Ralstonia'', ''Chlorobium'' and ''Rhizobial'' species). The proteins are of about 480 aas with 12-14 putative TMSs. An open reading frame (ORF) from the genome of '' Neisseria meningitidis'' displaying similarity with the NhaE type of Na+/H+ antiporters was expressed in ''E. coli'' and characterized for sodium transport ability. The ''N. meningitidis'' antiporter (NmNhaE) was able to complement an ''E. coli'' strain devoid of Na+/H+ antiporters (KNabc) with respect to the ability to grow in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl or LiCl. Ion transport assays in everted vesicles prepared from the KNabc strain expressing NmNhaE from a plasmid confi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malonate Uptake
The Malonate Uptake (MatC) familyTC# 2.A.101 is a constituent of the ion transporter (IT) superfamily. It consists of proteins from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Xanthomonas, Rhizobium and Streptomyces species), simple eukaryotes (e.g., '' Chlamydomonas reinhardtii'') and archaea (e.g., ''Methanococcus jannaschii''). The proteins are of about 450 amino acyl residues in length with 12-14 putative transmembrane segments (TMSs). Closest functionally-characterized homologues are in the DASSTC #2.A.47 family. One member of this family is a putative malonate transporter (MatC of ''Rhizobium leguminosarum ''Rhizobium leguminosarum'' is a bacterium which lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with legumes, and has the ability to fix free nitrogen from the air. ''R. leguminosarum'' has been very thoroughly studied—it has been the subject ...'' bv ''trifolii''TC# 2.A.101.1.2. See also "fkbF - FkbF - Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. ascomyceticus - fk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate Transporter
The ''p''-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter (AbgT) familyTC# 2.A.68 is a family of transporter proteins belonging to the ion transporter (IT) superfamily. The AbgT family consists of the AbgT (YdaHTC# 2.A.68.1.1 protein of ''E. coli'' and the MtrF drug exporterTC# 2.A.68.1.2 of ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae''. The former protein is apparently cryptic in wild-type cells, but when expressed on a high copy number plasmid, or when expressed at higher levels due to mutation, it appeared to allow uptake (''K''m = 123 nM; see Michaelis–Menten kinetics) and subsequent utilization of ''p''-aminobenzoyl-glutamate as a source of ''p''-aminobenzoate for ''p''-aminobenzoate auxotrophs. ''p''-Aminobenzoate is a constituent of and a precursor for the biosynthesis of folic acid. MtrF was annotated as a putative drug efflux pump. Structure AbgT is 510 amino acyl residues long and has 12-13 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). MtrF is 522 aas long and has 11 or 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
