Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party
The Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party ( id, Partai Nasional Benteng Kerakyatan Indonesia) was a political party in Indonesia. The founder, Eros Djarot was dissatisfied with the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle, which refused to allow him to stand as chairman against Megawati Sukarnoputri at the party conference in 2000. Eros then formed the Bung Karno National Party, named after Indonesia's first president Sukarno. However, as the law did not allow the use of national figures in party names, this was changed to the Freedom Bull National Party (with the same initials – PNBK – in Indonesian).''Partai-Partai Politik Indonesia: Ideologi dan Program 2004–2009 (Indonesian Political Parties: Ideologies and Programs 2004–2009'' Kompas (1999) pp164-166 In the 2004 legislative elections in the party won 1.1% of the popular vote and 1 out of 550 seats in the People's Representative Council. In the 2009 elections The following elections occurred in t ...
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Jakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta is the largest city in Southeast Asia and serves as the diplomatic capital of ASEAN. The city is the economic, cultural, and political centre of Indonesia. It possesses a province-level status and has a population of 10,609,681 as of mid 2021.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2022. Although Jakarta extends over only , and thus has the smallest area of any Indonesian province, its metropolitan area covers , which includes the satellite cities Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, South Tangerang, and Bekasi, and has an estimated population of 35 million , making it the largest urban area in Indonesia and the second-largest in the world (after Tokyo). Jakarta ranks first among the Indonesian provinces in human development index. Jakarta's busin ...
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Indonesian Language
Indonesian ( ) is the official language, official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standard language, standardized variety (linguistics), variety of Malay language, Malay, an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most list of countries by population, populous nation in the world, with over 270 million inhabitants—of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the most List of languages by total number of speakers, widely spoken languages in the world.James Neil Sneddon. ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society''. UNSW Press, 2004. Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in at least one of the more than 700 indigenous languages of Indonesia, local languages; examples include Javanese language, Javanese and Sundanese language, Sundanese, which are commonly used at home a ...
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Political Parties Established In 2002
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including wa ...
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Defunct Socialist Parties In Asia
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

Defunct Political Parties In Indonesia
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

Republika (Indonesian Newspaper)
''Republika'' is an Indonesian national daily newspaper. The newspaper is known, and described itself, as a publication for the Muslim community. The paper ceased publication in December 2022 and transition to online. ''Republika'' was founded in 1992 and the first edition was published on January 4, 1993, by ''Yayasan Abdi Bangsa'', a foundation that supported by '' Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia'' (ICMI), which at the time was chaired by B. J. Habibie (1936–2019). After B. J. Habibie ceased being president in 1999, and in line with declining of the ICMI's political role, the majority of ownership was taken by Mahaka Media PT Mahaka Media Tbk, formerly known as Abdi Bangsa, is an Indonesian media and entertainment company founded by Erick Thohir. The group owns and operated printed newspaper and magazines ('' Harian Republika, Harian Indonesia, Golf Digest),'' an ... in late 2000. Today, ''Republika'' is published by PT Republika Media Mandiri, a subsidiary of Mahak ...
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2009 Indonesian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 9 April 2009 for 132 seats of the Regional Representative Council (DPD) and 560 seats of the People's Representative Council (DPR). A total of 38 parties met the requirements to be allowed to participate in the national elections, with a further six contesting in Aceh only. The Democratic Party of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono won the largest share of the vote, followed by the Golkar Party and the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle. Background On 5 October 2004, three regencies were carved out of the province of South Sulawesi to form West Sulawesi as the 33rd province of Indonesia. Because this occurred after the 2004 legislative election, West Sulawesi was not represented in the DPD during the 2004–2009 period. There were talks on increasing the number of seats in the DPR as early as September 2007. In a meeting of a committee to draft changes to the Constitution, various factions within the government proposed an i ...
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People's Representative Council
The People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, DPR-RI), also known as the House of Representatives, is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serve as the upper house; while the Constitution of Indonesia, Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD. Members of the DPR are elected through a elections in Indonesia, general election every five years. Currently, there are 575 members; an increase compared to 560 prior to the 2019 Indonesian legislative election, 2019 elections. The DPR has been the subject of frequent public criticism due to perceived high levels of fraud and Corruption in Indonesia, corruption. History ''Volksraad'' In 1915, members of the Indonesian n ...
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2004 Indonesian Legislative Election
Indonesia held legislative elections on 5 April 2004 for both houses of the People's Consultative Assembly, the country's national legislature. This included all 550 seats in the People's Representative Council and 128 seats of the new Regional Representative Council. Final results of the popular vote tally showed that Golkar, the former ruling party of the New Order (Indonesia), New Order era, received the most votes. It had lost to the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle in the 1999 Indonesian legislative election, 1999 legislative election. The Democratic Party (Indonesia), Democratic Party and the Prosperous Justice Party, two of the newest parties to participate in the elections, received a combined 14.8% of the popular vote. Based on the final allocation of seats in the People's Representative Council, Golkar, the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle, the National Awakening Party, the United Development Party, the Democratic Party, the Prosperous Justice Party, and ...
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Sukarno
Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed president. He led the Indonesian resistance to Dutch re-colonisation efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence ...
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Socialism
Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the economic, political and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can be state/public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee. While no single definition encapsulates the many types of socialism, social ownership is the one common element. Different types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation, on the structure of management in organizations, and from below or from above approaches, with some socialists favouring a party, state, or technocratic-driven approach. Socialists disagree on whether government, particularly existing government, is the correct vehicle for change. Socialist systems are divided into non-market and market f ...
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