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Ichthyophonus
''Ichthyophonus'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of fish. They were once considered to be fungi, but phylogenetic evidence suggests they are protists related to both fungi and animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motilit ...s. Species * '' Ichthyophonus gasterophilus'' (Caullery & Mesnil 1905) Sprague 1965 * '' Ichthyophonus hoferi'' Plehn & Mulsow 1911 * '' Ichthyophonus intestinalis'' Léger & Hesse 1923 * '' Ichthyophonus irregularis'' Rand et al. 2000 * '' Ichthyophonus lotae'' Leger 1925 References Mesomycetozoea Parasitic opisthokonts Parasites of fish Eukaryote genera {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyophonus Gasterophilus
''Ichthyophonus'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of fish. They were once considered to be fungi, but phylogenetic evidence suggests they are protists related to both fungi and animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motilit ...s. Species * '' Ichthyophonus gasterophilus'' (Caullery & Mesnil 1905) Sprague 1965 * '' Ichthyophonus hoferi'' Plehn & Mulsow 1911 * '' Ichthyophonus intestinalis'' Léger & Hesse 1923 * '' Ichthyophonus irregularis'' Rand et al. 2000 * '' Ichthyophonus lotae'' Leger 1925 References Mesomycetozoea Parasitic opisthokonts Parasites of fish Eukaryote genera {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyophonus Intestinalis
''Ichthyophonus'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of fish. They were once considered to be fungi, but phylogenetic evidence suggests they are protists related to both fungi and animals. Species * ''Ichthyophonus gasterophilus ''Ichthyophonus'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of fish. They were once considered to be fungi, but phylogenetic evidence suggests they are protists related to both fungi and animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic ...'' (Caullery & Mesnil 1905) Sprague 1965 * '' Ichthyophonus hoferi'' Plehn & Mulsow 1911 * '' Ichthyophonus intestinalis'' Léger & Hesse 1923 * '' Ichthyophonus irregularis'' Rand et al. 2000 * '' Ichthyophonus lotae'' Leger 1925 References Mesomycetozoea Parasitic opisthokonts Parasites of fish Eukaryote genera {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyophonus Irregularis
''Ichthyophonus'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of fish. They were once considered to be fungi, but phylogenetic evidence suggests they are protists related to both fungi and animals. Species * ''Ichthyophonus gasterophilus'' (Caullery & Mesnil 1905) Sprague 1965 * '' Ichthyophonus hoferi'' Plehn & Mulsow 1911 * ''Ichthyophonus intestinalis ''Ichthyophonus'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of fish. They were once considered to be fungi, but phylogenetic evidence suggests they are protists related to both fungi and animals. Species * ''Ichthyophonus gasterophilus ' ...'' Léger & Hesse 1923 * '' Ichthyophonus irregularis'' Rand et al. 2000 * '' Ichthyophonus lotae'' Leger 1925 References Mesomycetozoea Parasitic opisthokonts Parasites of fish Eukaryote genera {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyophonus Lotae
''Ichthyophonus'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of fish. They were once considered to be fungi, but phylogenetic evidence suggests they are protists related to both fungi and animals. Species * ''Ichthyophonus gasterophilus'' (Caullery & Mesnil 1905) Sprague 1965 * '' Ichthyophonus hoferi'' Plehn & Mulsow 1911 * ''Ichthyophonus intestinalis'' Léger & Hesse 1923 * ''Ichthyophonus irregularis ''Ichthyophonus'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of fish. They were once considered to be fungi, but phylogenetic evidence suggests they are protists related to both fungi and animals. Species * ''Ichthyophonus gasterophilus'' (C ...'' Rand et al. 2000 * '' Ichthyophonus lotae'' Leger 1925 References Mesomycetozoea Parasitic opisthokonts Parasites of fish Eukaryote genera {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyophonus Hoferi
''Ichthyophonus hoferi'' is a Unicellular organism, single-celled protist that occupies a key Phylogenetics, phylogenetic position to understand the origin of animals. It has chitin cell wall, hyphae, and an amoeba, amoeboid stage. It is a common Parasitism, parasite of Marine habitats, marine and freshwater fishes. In fish, I. hoferi causes hemorrhages,fin/skin rot, destroys muscle as well as inducing ova to develop without spermatic fertilization through a toxin (Prasad, Aarathi, Like a Virgin, how science is redesigning the rules of sex, Oneworld Publications, 2012, p.91) References External links * * Parasitic opisthokonts Mesomycetozoea Parasites of fish Species described in 1911 {{Holozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesomycetozoea
The Mesomycetozoea (or DRIP clade, or Ichthyosporea) are a small group of Opisthokonta in Eukaryota (formerly protists), mostly parasites of fish and other animals. Significance They are not particularly distinctive morphologically, appearing in host tissues as enlarged spheres or ovals containing spores, and most were originally classified in various groups as fungi, protozoa, or colorless algae. However, they form a coherent group on molecular trees, closely related to both animals and fungi and so of interest to biologists studying their origins. In a 2008 study they emerge robustly as the sibling-group of the clade Filozoa, which includes the animals. Huldtgren et al., following x-ray tomography of microfossils of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, has interpreted them as mesomycetozoan spore capsules. Terminology The name DRIP is an acronym for the first protozoa identified as members of the group, Cavalier-Smith later treated them as the class Ichthyosporea, since they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 µm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. The S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek language, Greek wikt:φυλή, φυλή/wikt:φῦλον, φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, Protein, protein Amino acid, amino acid sequences, or Morphology (biology), morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic Opisthokonts
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endoparasite lives inside the host's body; an ect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protist
A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the exclusion of other eukaryotes means that protists do not form a natural group, or clade. Therefore, some protists may be more closely related to animals, plants, or fungi than they are to other protists. However, like the groups ''algae'', ''invertebrates'', and '' protozoans'', the biological category ''protist'' is used for convenience. Others classify any unicellular eukaryotic microorganism as a protist. The study of protists is termed protistology. History The classification of a third kingdom separate from animals and plants was first proposed by John Hogg in 1860 as the kingdom Protoctista; in 1866 Ernst Haeckel also proposed a third kingdom Protista as "the kingdom of primitive forms". Originally these also included prokaryotes, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryote
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as flagellated phagotrophs. Their name comes from the Greek εὖ (''eu'', "well" or "good") and κάρυον (''karyon'', "nut" or "kernel"). Euka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
