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Istana Bogor
The Bogor Palace (; ) is one of six Presidential palace, presidential palaces of Indonesia, it is located in the city of Bogor, West Java. The palace is noted for its distinctive architectural and historical features, as well as the adjoining Bogor Botanical Garden, botanical gardens. Istana Bogor was opened to the public in 1968 to public tour groups (not individuals), with the permission of the acting president of Indonesia, Suharto. The gardens of the palace covers an area of 284,000 square metres (28.4 hectares). During the colonial era the palace became favorite residence of the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, governors-general due to Bogor's more adaptable climate. It was also favored by the late President Sukarno and became the official presidential residence until his downfall in 1967. The palace remained mostly unused until February 2015, when the new president Joko Widodo moved the president's office from Merdeka Palace to Bogor Palace. History The original ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogor Botanical Gardens
The Bogor Botanical Gardens ( id, Kebun Raya Bogor) is a botanical garden located in Bogor, Indonesia, 60 km south of central Jakarta. It is currently operated by Indonesian Institute of Sciences (Indonesian: ''Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia'' or LIPI). The garden is located in the city center and adjoin the presidential palace compound of Istana Bogor. It covers an area of and contains 13,983 different kinds of trees and plants of various origin. The geographic position of Bogor means it rains almost daily, even in the dry season. This makes the garden an advantageous location for the cultivation of tropical plants. Founded in 1817 by the order of the government of the Dutch East Indies, the garden thrived under the leadership of many renowned botanists including Johannes Elias Teijsmann, Rudolph Herman Christiaan Carel Scheffer, and Melchior Treub. Since its foundation, the Bogor botanical garden has served as a major research center for agriculture and horticulture. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonialism
Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their religion, language, economics, and other cultural practices. The foreign administrators rule the territory in pursuit of their interests, seeking to benefit from the colonised region's people and resources. It is associated with but distinct from imperialism. Though colonialism has existed since ancient times, the concept is most strongly associated with the European colonial period starting with the 15th century when some European states established colonising empires. At first, European colonising countries followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy, so agreements usually restricted the colony to trading only with the metropole (mother country). By the mid-19th century, the British Empire gave up me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Salak
Mount Salak ( id, Gunung Salak, su, Gunung Salak) is an eroded volcano in West Java, Indonesia. It has several satellite cones on its southeast flank and the northern foot, along with two additional craters at the summit. Mount Salak has been evaluated for geothermal power development. According to a popular belief, the name "Salak" is derived from ''salak'', a tropical fruit with scaly skin; however, according to Sundanese tradition, the name was derived from the Sanskrit word ''Salaka'' which means "silver". Mount Salak can be translated to "Silver Mountain" or "Mount Silver". Geology Mount Salak is a stratovolcano with its last recorded eruption in January 1938. On October 10, 2018, there was a false alarm, as the VAAC in Darwin said that there was a sudden eruption and that an ash plume from the volcano had risen to 15 km, or 50,000 feet. After a period of no confirmation of whether an eruption took place or not, it was determined that an eruption had indeed not taken p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and most are found underwater. For example, a mid-ocean ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's plates, such as in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande rift in North America. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has been postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs from the core–mantle boundary, deep in the Earth. This results in hotspot volcanism, of which the Hawaiian hotspot is an example. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1834 Java Earthquake
The 1834 Java earthquake struck the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) island of Java, in the city of Bogor. The earthquake occurred on the morning of October 11, 1834. It was assigned VIII (''Severe'') to IX (''Violent'') on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. Description It was preceded by a number of strongly felt foreshocks the night before on October 11. When the mainshock struck the next morning, it was violently felt. Vibrations were also detected by people as far as Tegal in Central Java and Lampung on the neighboring island of Sumatra. Although the earthquake caused very few deaths and injuries, it severely damaged many and collapsed a few. Damage to roads such as cracks were reported from Bogor to Cianjur, Cianjur Regency. Many warehouses and factories were also badly affected. A postal station in the city was buried under a landslide, killing five people and ten horses. Many homes and stone building in Batavia were damaged. A country warehouse and a number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Godert Van Der Capellen
Godert Alexander Gerard Philip, Baron van der Capellen (December 15, 1778 – April 10, 1848) was a Dutch statesman from Utrecht (city), Utrecht. History Born in Utrecht, Netherlands, Van der Capellen was the son of a cavalry colonel Alexander Philip van der Capellen. In 1803, he married Jacoba Elisabeth van Tuyll van Serooskerken. He was made Prefect of Friesland in 1808 and soon thereafter Minister of the Interior and a member of the Privy Council. At his advice, King Louis Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon abdicated the throne in 1810 in favor of his son, Napoleon Louis Bonaparte, Louis II. Van der Capellen did not serve Napoleon I. William I of the Netherlands, Wilhelm I, King of the Netherlands, appointed him Colonial Minister and sent him as Secretary of United Kingdom of the Netherlands to Brussels. In 1815, Van der Capellen was made one of the three Commissioners-General of the Dutch East Indies with Cornelis Theodorus Elout and Arnold Adriaan Buyskes, where he had to deal with b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Landscape Garden
The English landscape garden, also called English landscape park or simply the English garden (french: Jardin à l'anglaise, it, Giardino all'inglese, german: Englischer Landschaftsgarten, pt, Jardim inglês, es, Jardín inglés), is a style of "landscape" garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread across Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical French formal garden which had emerged in the 17th century as the principal gardening style of Europe. The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. Created and pioneered by William Kent and others, the “informal” garden style originated as a revolt against the architectural garden and drew inspiration from paintings of landscapes by Salvator Rosa, Claude Lorrain, and Nicolas Poussin.Bris, Michel Le. 1981. ''Romantics and Romanticism.'' Skira/Rizzoli International Publications, Inc. New York 1981. 215 pp. age 17Tomam, Rolf, editor. 2000. ''Neoclassicism and Romanticism: Architecture, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invasion Of Java (1811)
The Invasion of Java in 1811 was a successful British amphibious operation against the Dutch East Indian island of Java that took place between August and September 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars. Originally established as a colony of the Dutch Republic, Java remained in Dutch hands throughout the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, during which time the French invaded the Republic and established the Batavian Republic in 1795, and the Kingdom of Holland in 1806. The Kingdom of Holland was annexed to the First French Empire in 1810, and Java became a titular French colony, though it continued to be administered and defended primarily by Dutch personnel. After the fall of French colonies in the West Indies in 1809 and 1810, and a successful campaign against French possessions in Mauritius in 1810 and 1811, attention turned to the Dutch East Indies. An expedition was dispatched from India in April 1811, while a small squadron of frigates was ordered to patrol off the island, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stamford Raffles
Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British statesman who served as the Lieutenant-Governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816, and Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen between 1818 and 1824. He is best known mainly for his founding of modern Singapore and the Straits Settlements also called Malaysia and Brunei. Raffles was heavily involved in the capture of the Indonesian island of Java from the Dutch during the Napoleonic Wars. The running of day-to-day operations on Singapore was mostly done by William Farquhar, but Raffles was the one who got all the credit. He also wrote ''The History of Java'' (1817). Early life Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles was born on on board the ship ''Ann'', off the coast of Port Morant, Jamaica, to Captain Benjamin Raffles (1739, London – 23 November 1811, Deptford) and Anne Raffles (née Lyde) (1755 – 8 February 1824, London). Benjamin served as a ship master for various ships engaged in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herman Willem Daendels
Herman Willem Daendels (21 October 1762 – 2 May 1818) was a Dutch revolutionary, general and politician who served as the 36th Governor General of the Dutch East Indies between 1808 and 1811. Early life Born in Hattem, Netherlands, on 21 October 1762, Daendels was the son of Burchard Johan Daendels, the mayoral secretary, and Josina Christina Tulleken. He studied law at the University of Harderwijk, acquiring his doctorate on 10 April 1783. Political activity In 1785, he sided with the Patriots, who had seized power in several Dutch cities. In September 1786 he defended the city of Hattem against stadholderian troops. In September 1787, he defended Amsterdam against the Prussian army that invaded the Netherlands to restore William V of Orange. After William V was in power again, he fled to Pas-de-Calais because of a death sentence. Daendels was a close witness to the French revolution. He returned to the Netherlands in 1794, as a general in the French revolutionary army of g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Mossel
Jacob Mossel (28 November 1704 – 15 May 1761) went from being a common sailor to become Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1750 to 1761. He was of noble birth, born in Enkhuizen. When he was 15 he left as an able-bodied seaman aboard a Fluyt (a type of Dutch sailing cargo vessel) called ''de Haringthuyn'', bound for the Indies. As his family had a coat of arms, he was able to obtain a privileged position, through Dirk van Cloon, and was sent to the Dutch Coromandel (1721). On 30 March 1730, he married Adriana Appels, the fourteen-year-old stepdaughter of Adriaan van Pla, Governor of Dutch Coromandel. Jacob Mossel worked himself up finally to ''Governor and Director'' of Dutch Coromandel. In 1740 he got the title of ''Counsellor-extraordinary of the Indies'' and in 1742 he became a member of the Dutch Council of the Indies (''Raad van Indië'') in Batavia/Jakarta. In 1745, he became the first Director of the Amfioensociëteit, which tried to regulate its monopoly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustaaf Willem Van Imhoff
Gustaaf Willem, Baron van Imhoff (8 August 1705 – 1 November 1750) was a Dutch colonial administrator for the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He served as Governor of Ceylon from 1736 to 1740 and as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1743 until his death in 1750 at Istana Cipanas. Early years Van Imhoff was born into the East Frisian branch of the Imhoff family from Nuremberg. His father, Wilhelm Heinrich Freiherr von Imhoff came from the town of Leer in northwestern Germany, a few kilometers from the Dutch border. In 1725 Van Imhoff entered into the service of the Dutch East India Company in Batavia (modern-day Jakarta), then colonial capital of the Dutch East Indies. Van Imhoff was promoted several times within the company before being appointed colonial governor in Ceylon (Modern-day Sri Lanka) on 23 July 1736. Ceylon Van Imhoff's tenure as governor of Ceylon put an end to the chaos that had pervaded the previous administration. He established constructive re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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