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Ischnoderma
''Ischnoderma'' is a genus of polypore fungi. Species in the genus have dark brown and tomentose fruit bodies that become darker brown to black and smooth when mature. The genus, widespread in temperate regions, contains an estimated 10 species. Taxonomy ''Ischnoderma'' was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1879. Although ''Ischnoderma'' has traditionally been classified in the family Fomitopsidaceae, Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated its isolated phylogenetic position in the Polyporales. Justo and colleagues suggest that ''Ischnoderma'' would be better placed as the type genus of Ischnodermataceae, a family originally proposed by Walter Jülich in 1981. The generic name ''Ischnoderma'' combines the Ancient Greek words ("dry") and ("skin"). Chemistry The type species, '' I. resinosum'', is used in mushroom dyeing to produce various shades of brown. It has been shown to efficiently decolorize several structurally different synthetic dyes: ama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ischnoderma Benzoinum
''Ischnoderma'' is a genus of polypore fungi. Species in the genus have dark brown and tomentose fruit bodies that become darker brown to black and smooth when mature. The genus, widespread in temperate regions, contains an estimated 10 species. Taxonomy ''Ischnoderma'' was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1879. Although ''Ischnoderma'' has traditionally been classified in the family Fomitopsidaceae, Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated its isolated phylogenetic position in the Polyporales. Justo and colleagues suggest that ''Ischnoderma'' would be better placed as the type genus of Ischnodermataceae, a family originally proposed by Walter Jülich in 1981. The generic name ''Ischnoderma'' combines the Ancient Greek words ("dry") and ("skin"). Chemistry The type species, '' I. resinosum'', is used in mushroom dyeing to produce various shades of brown. It has been shown to efficiently decolorize several structurally different synthetic dyes: a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ischnoderma Resinosum
''Ischnoderma resinosum'' is a species of fungus in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Commonly known as the late fall polypore, resinous polypore, or benzoin bracket, this shelf mushroom is across, velvety, dark red/brown, darkening and forming zones in age. Its spongy but tough, sweet-smelling flesh exudes a red liquid when young. This fungus fruits on hardwood logs and stumps in late autumn. A widely distributed species, it has been recorded from Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. The species was originally described as '' Boletus resinosus'' in 1794 by German botanist Heinrich Schrader. It has acquired an extensive synonymy in its taxonomic history, having been juggled between several genera. Petter Karsten transferred it to ''Ischnoderma ''Ischnoderma'' is a genus of polypore fungi. Species in the genus have dark brown and tomentose fruit bodies that become darker brown to black and smooth when mature. The genus, widespread in temperate regions, contains an estimated 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyporales
The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some (but not all) polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics (mainly in the genus ''Lentinus''). Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as ''Ganoderma'' and ''Fomes'', contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine. Taxonomy History The order was originally proposed in 1926 by Swiss mycologist Ernst Albert Gäumann to accommodate species within the phylum Basidiomycota producing basidiocarps (fruit bodies) showing a gymnocapous mode of development (forming the spore-bearing surface ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fomitopsidaceae
The Fomitopsidaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. Most species are parasitic on woody plants, and tend to cause brown rots. The name comes from ''Fomitopsis'' (meaning "looking like Fomes") + ''-aceae'' (a suffix used to form taxonomic family names). Genera In a proposed family-level classification of the Polyporales based on molecular phylogenetics Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ..., Alfredo Justo and colleagues accept 14 genera in the Fomitopsidaceae: '' Anthoporia'', ''Antrodia'', ''Buglossoporus'', '' Cartilosoma'', ''Daedalea'', ''Fomitopsis'', ''Fragifomes'', '' Melanoporia'', ''Neolentiporus'', ''Niveoporofomes'', '' Rhodofomes'', ''Rhodofomitopsis'', ''Rubellofomes'', and ''Ungulidaedalea''. References External links * Fomitops ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaranth (dye)
Amaranth, FD&C Red No. 2, E123, C.I. Food Red 9, Acid Red 27, Azorubin S, or C.I. 16185 is a modified red azo dye used as a food dye and to color cosmetics. The name was taken from amaranth grain, a plant distinguished by its red color and edible protein-rich seeds. Amaranth is an anionic dye. It can be applied to natural and synthetic fibers, leather, paper, and phenol-formaldehyde resins. As a food additive it has E number E123. Amaranth usually comes as a trisodium salt. It has the appearance of reddish-brown, dark red to purple water-soluble powder that decomposes at 120 °C without melting. Its water solution has absorption maximum at about 520 nm. Like all azo dyes, Amaranth was, during the middle of the 20th century, made from coal tar; modern synthetics are more likely to be made from petroleum byproducts. Since 1976 Amaranth dye has been banned in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a suspected carcinogen. Its use is still legal in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic period (), and the Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regarded as a separate historical stage, although its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek. There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek, of which Attic Greek developed into Koine. Dia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom Dye
Mushrooms can be used to create color Dye#Organic_dyes, dyes via color-extraction with a solvent (often ammonia) as well as particulation of raw material. The Sarcodon imbricatus, shingled hedgehog mushroom and related species contain blue-green pigments, which are used for dyeing wool in Norway. The fruiting body of ''Hydnellum peckii'' can be used to produce a beige color when no mordant is used, and shades of blue or green depending on the mordant added. ''Phaeolus schweinitzii'' produces green, yellow, gold, or brown colors, depending on the material dyed and the mordant used. See also *''Aspergillus oryzae'', ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'', ''Saccharomyces boulardii'' *Mycelium *Mycofiltration *Mycorrhiza - Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Arbuscular, Ectomycorrhiza, Ecto, Ericoid mycorrhiza, Ericoid References {{reflist Fungi and humans Natural dyes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Formula
The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real three-dimensional space. The chemical bonding within the molecule is also shown, either explicitly or implicitly. Unlike other chemical formula types, which have a limited number of symbols and are capable of only limited descriptive power, structural formulas provide a more complete geometric representation of the molecular structure. For example, many chemical compounds exist in different isomeric forms, which have different enantiomeric structures but the same molecular formula. There are multiple types of ways to draw these structural formulas such as: Lewis Structures, condensed formulas, skeletal formulas, Newman projections, Cyclohexane conformations, Haworth projections, and Fischer projections. Several systematic chemical naming formats, as in chemical databases, are used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poly R-478
Poly, from the Greek πολύς meaning "many" or "much", may refer to: Businesses * China Poly Group Corporation, a Chinese business group, and its subsidiaries: ** Poly Property, a Hong Kong incorporated Chinese property developer ** Poly Real Estate, a Chinese real estate developer ** Poly Technologies, a defense manufacturing company * Poly (company), formerly Polycom, an American communications technology company People * Poly (footballer) (1906-1986), full name Policarpo Ribeiro de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer * Natasha Poly (born 1985), stage name of Russian supermodel Natalya Sergeyevna Polevshchikova * Poly Styrene (1957–2011), stage name of British musician Marianne Joan Elliott-Said Other uses * Hong Kong Polytechnic University, locally known as Poly * Poly (website), a website by Google * Polynesian, often shortened to poly, as in ‘Poly people are also called “Pasifika” or “Tangata Moana” (people of the ocean)’ * Polyamory, often shortened to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remazol Brilliant Blue R
Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) is an anthraquinone dye used in textile industries. It is a harmful dye and can damage aquatic life and also vegetative life if the contaminated water is used for irrigation. Recent studies have suggested a biological approach to solving this problem through the use of microorganisms to degrade the dye. References External links * {{cite journal , doi=10.1016/j.desal.2009.06.027 , volume=249 , issue=3 , title=Removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto immobilized Scenedesmus quadricauda: Equilibrium and kinetic modeling studies , journal=Desalination , pages=1308–1314 , last1 = Ergene , first1 = Aysun, year=2009 Anthraquinone dyes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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