Irving Carruthers
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Irving Carruthers
Irving Hetherington Carruthers (27 October 1884 – 5 July 1974) was a Western Samoan businessman and politician. Biography Carruthers was born in Samoa in 1884, one of five children of Richard and Matua Carruthers. His father was a Scottish solicitor who had immigrated to Samoa from Melbourne in Australia,"Gone but not forgotten", '' Samoa Observer'', 7 December 2014 and worked for Robert Louis Stevenson. He attended the Marist Brothers school in Apia, after which he went into business,Samoan elections
'' Pacific Islands Monthly'', December 1932, pp38–39
leasing a cocoa plantation in Malaedono.
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Legislative Assembly Of Samoa
The Legislative Assembly ( sm, Fono Aoao Faitulafono a Samoa), also known as the Parliament of Samoa ( sm, Palemene o Samoa), is the national legislature of Samoa, seated at Apia, where the country's central administration is situated. Samoan Parliament is composed of two parts: the O le Ao o le Malo (head of state) and the Legislative Assembly. In the Samoan language, the Legislative Assembly of Samoa is sometimes referred to as the Samoan Fono while the ''government'' of the country is referred to as the Malo. The word ''fono'' is a Samoan and Polynesian term for councils or meetings great and small and applies to national assemblies and legislatures, as well as local village councils. The modern government of Samoa exists on a national level alongside the country's '' fa'amatai'' indigenous chiefly system of governance and social organisation. In his or her own right, the O le Ao o le Malo can summon and call together the Legislative Assembly, and can prorogue or dissolve P ...
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1932 Western Samoan General Election
General elections were held in Western Samoa on 9 November 1932.Samoan elections
'' Pacific Islands Monthly'', December 1932, p38


Electoral system

In 1930 the constitution was amended to reduce the number of Europeans in the Legislative Council from three to two and to have two Samoans nominated. The two elected European members were elected from a single two-seat constituency, with only Europeans allowed to vote. Voters wer ...
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1884 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London. * January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's ''Princess Ida'' premières at the Savoy Theatre, London. * January 18 – Dr. William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14, setting a legal precedent. * February 1 – ''A New English Dictionary on historical principles, part 1'' (edited by James A. H. Murray), the first fascicle of what will become ''The Oxford English Dictionary'', is published in England. * February 5 – Derby County Football Club is founded in England. * March 13 – The siege of Khartoum, Sudan, begins (ends on January 26, 1885). * March 28 – Prince Leopold, the youngest son and the eighth child of Queen Victoria and Pr ...
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New Zealand Herald
''The New Zealand Herald'' is a daily newspaper published in Auckland, New Zealand, owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment, and considered a newspaper of record for New Zealand. It has the largest newspaper circulation of all newspapers in New Zealand, peaking at over 200,000 copies in 2006, although circulation of the daily ''Herald'' had declined to 100,073 copies on average by September 2019. Its main circulation area is the Auckland region. It is also delivered to much of the upper North Island including Northland, Waikato and King Country. History ''The New Zealand Herald'' was founded by William Chisholm Wilson, and first published on 13 November 1863. Wilson had been a partner with John Williamson in the ''New Zealander'', but left to start a rival daily newspaper as he saw a business opportunity with Auckland's rapidly growing population. He had also split with Williamson because Wilson supported the war against the Māori (which the ''Herald'' termed "the ...
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1938 Western Samoan General Election
General elections were held in Western Samoa on 26 November 1938.Western Samoa Legislative Council
'''', 21 December 1938


Electoral system

Two Europeans were elected from a single two-seat constituency. Following the passing of the ''Samoa Legislative Council Elective Membership Amendment Order, 1938'' by the New Zealand government, universal suffrage was introduced for the European and mixed European-Samoan population aged 21 or over, having previously been restricted to those with property worth at least £200 or with an annual income of at least £200.
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1935 Western Samoan General Election
General elections were held in Western Samoa on 1 November 1935. Electoral system Two Europeans were elected from a single two-seat constituency. Voting was restricted to Europeans or Samoan-Europeans owning property worth at least £200 or with an annual income of at least £200. Of the European/Samoan-European population of 3,000, only 134 people were registered to vote,Samoan Europeans
''Pacific Islands Monthly'', November 1935, p32
down from 172 in the 1932 elections.Samoan Legislative Council< ...
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Alan Cobcroft
Alan Ridge Cobcroft (died 5 September 1955) was a Western Samoan planter and politician. Biography Cobcroft was the son of parents from the Sydney suburb of Summer Hill.Samoan elections
'' Pacific Islands Monthly'', December 1932, pp38–39
He attended and represented the school in , rowing and running. He also played for Newtown in the
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Swains Island
Swains Island (; Tokelauan: ''Olohega'' ; Samoan: ''Olosega'' ) is a remote coral atoll in the Tokelau Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. The island is the subject of an ongoing territorial dispute between Tokelau and the United States, which has administered it as part of American Samoa since 1925. Privately owned by the family of Eli Hutchinson Jennings since 1856, Swains Island was used as a copra plantation until 1967. It has not been permanently inhabited since 2008 but has often been visited by members of the Jennings family, scientific researchers, and amateur radio operators.Swains Island
Charles A. Veley, 27 November 2008.
2012 Swains Island DXpedition
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Samoa
Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono Island, Manono and Apolima); and several smaller, uninhabited islands, including the Aleipata Islands (Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Fanuatapu and Namua). Samoa is located west of American Samoa, northeast of Tonga (closest foreign country), northeast of Fiji, east of Wallis and Futuna, southeast of Tuvalu, south of Tokelau, southwest of Hawaii, and northwest of Niue. The capital city is Apia. The Lapita culture, Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan Islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a Samoan language and Samoan culture, Samoan cultural identity. Samoa is a Unitary state, unitary Parliamentary system, parliamentary democracy with 11 Administrative divisions of Samoa, administrative divisions. It is a sovereign state and a member of the ...
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Pacific Islands Monthly
''Pacific Islands Monthly'', commonly referred to as "PIM", was a magazine founded in 1930 in Sydney by New Zealand born journalist R.W. Robson. Background ''Pacific Islands Monthly'' was started in Sydney in 1930. The first issue ran in August 1930. It consisted of 12 pages and was in the format of a newspaper. The following year it was presented in magazine format. Its founder Robert William Robson, who was originally from New Zealand, moved to Sydney, Australia during World War I. The journalists for the magazine were said to be some of the Pacific's most respected. During the 1940s the magazine included advertisements for W. R. Carpenter & Co. The magazine ran for approximately 70 years with the first issue on 16 August 1930 and the last issue on 1 June 2000. ''Pacific Islands Monthly'' (1931-2000) has been digitised, and is now freely available online through Trove Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which i ...
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