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Irfan (other)
In Islam, ‘Irfan (Arabic/Persian/Urdu: ; tr, İrfan), literally ‘knowledge, awareness, wisdom’, is gnosis. Islamic mysticism encompassess a range of theoretical and practical beliefs and practices. Sunni mysticism According to the founder of the Qadiriyya Sufi order, Abdul Qadir Gilani ''irfan'' is the acknowledgement of God's unity. This acceptance is achieved by studying under Islamic scholars who give insight on the internal meanings of Islamic rituals, such as the salah. Reflection upon the practice of Islam with the guidance of respected Islamic scholars is a form of "nearness to God". Shi'ite mysticism Ali al-Sistani defines true Irfan as the practice of reciting prescribed duas (prayers) taught by the Twelve Imams, praying the night prayer, and seeking God's pleasure through mustahabb (recommended) actions. Among the best-known modern Shia proponents of irfan were Usuli theologians Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, Ruhollah Khomeini, Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Fouma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usuli
Usulis ( ar, اصولیون, fa, اصولیان) are the majority Twelver Shi'a Muslim group. They differ from their now much smaller rival Akhbari group in favoring the use of ''ijtihad'' (i.e., reasoning) in the creation of new rules of ''fiqh''; in assessing hadith to exclude traditions they believe unreliable; and in considering it obligatory to obey a '' mujtahid'' when seeking to determine Islamically correct behavior. Since the crushing of the Akhbaris in the late 18th century, it has been the dominant school of Twelver Shi'a and now forms an overwhelming majority within the Twelver Shia denomination. The name ''Usuli'' derives from the term '' Uṣūl al-fiqh'' (principles of jurisprudence). In Usuli thought, there are four valid sources of law: the Quran, hadith, ijma' and 'aql. Ijma' refers to a unanimous consensus. Aql, in Shia jurisprudence, is applied to four practical principles which are applied when other religious proofs are not applicable: ''bara'at'' (immu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Mysticism
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism?'' (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) – congregations formed around a grand who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to Muh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcendent Theosophy
Transcendent theosophy or al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah (حكمت متعاليه), the doctrine and philosophy developed by Persian philosopher Mulla Sadra (d.1635 CE), is one of two main disciplines of Islamic philosophy that are currently live and active. Overview The expression ''al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah'' comprises two terms: ''al-hikmat'' (meaning literally, ''wisdom''; and technically, ''philosophy'', and by contextual extension ''theosophy'') and ''muta’āliyah'' (meaning ''exalted'' or ''transcendent''). This school of Mulla Sadra in Islamic philosophy is usually called al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah. It is a most appropriate name for his school, not only for historical reasons, but also because the doctrines of Mulla Sadra are both hikmah or theosophy in its original sense and an intellectual vision of the transcendent which leads to the Transcendent Itself. So Mulla Sadra’s school is transcendent for both historical and metaphysical reasons. When Mulla Sadra talked a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma'rifa
Maʿrifa (Arabic: “interior knowledge”) is the mystical knowledge of God or the “higher realities” that is the ultimate goal of followers of Sufism. Sufi mystics came to maʿrifa by following a spiritual path that later Sufi thinkers categorized into a series of “stations” that were followed by another series of steps, the “states,” through which the Sufi would come to union with God. The acquisition of maʿrifa was not the result of learnedness but was a type of gnosis in which the mystic received illumination through the grace of God. The finest expressions of maʿrifa can be found in the poetry of the Sufis Jalāl al-Dīn al-Rūmī (1207–73) and Ibn al-ʿArabī (1165–1240). The term arif'', "gnostic" has been used to designate advanced mystics who have attained the spiritual station of ''ma'rifa''. ''Maqaam'' In one of the earliest accounts of the '' maqamat-l arba'in'' ("forty stations") in Sufism, Sufi master Abu Said ibn Abi'l-Khayr lists ''ma'rifa'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irfan (name)
Irfan (also transliterated as Erfan, ar, عرفان) is an Arabic/Persian male given name, meaning "knowledge", "awareness" and "learning". Given name Irfan * Irfan_Khan _ (born 1982) pakistani Singer * Irfan Ahmed (born 1989), Pakistani cricketer * Irfan Bachdim (born 1988), Indonesian footballer * İrfan Başaran (born 1989), Turkish footballer * Irfan Habib (born 1931), Indian Marxist historian of ancient and medieval India * Irfan Husain, Pakistani writer and journalist * Irfan Khan (actor), Indian actor * Irfan Khoosat, Pakistani actor, producer and comedian * Irfan Ljubijankić, Bosnian doctor and surgeon, classical music composer, politician and diplomat * Irfan Makki, Canadian Muslim singer, songwriter of Pakistani origin * Irfan Mensur (born Irfan Kurić, 1952), Bosnian theatre, television and film actor * Irfan Orga, Turkish fighter pilot, staff officer and author * Irfan Pardesi, Pakistani Entrepreneur, Investor and Politician * Irfan Pathan, Indian cricketer * Irf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hikmah
''Hikmah'' (also ''Hikmat'', ar, حكمة, ', literally wisdom, philosophy; rationale, underlying reason, from Semitic root ) is a concept in Islamic philosophy and law. Mulla Sadra defined ''hikmah'' as "coming to know the essence of beings as they really are" or as "a man's becoming an intellectual world corresponding to the objective world". Various Islamic commentaries describe hikmah as "to know the best of things by way of the best of sciences ...", having experience, using "justice in judging", "knowledge of the reality of things", "that which prevents ignorance," putting "things in their proper places, assigning them to their proper status", etc. According to Ibn al-Qayyim, the highest and most exclusive of the three levels of hikmah are "reserved for the Companions over the rest of the Ummah, and it is the highest level that the slamicscholars can reach." As a term of ''fiqh'' (Islamic jurisprudence), Taqi Usmani describes it as "the wisdom and the philosophy taken i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Tabatabaei
Ali Qazi Tabatabai, also known as "Allamah Qadi" and "Ayatollah Qazi" (1285–1366 AH; 1869–1947 CE), was an Iranian alim (Islamic scholar) and mystic. He was the son of Husseyn and was born in Tabriz, Iran. He was born on 29 April 1866 in Tabriz. his father Sayyed Hosein Qazi was a prominent pupil of The grand Mirza Shirazi. His maternal grandfather, Mirza Mohsen, was a great jurist. Teachers He learned under supervision of great scholars. Some of them are as follows: Mirza Mousa Tabrizi, Muhammad Ali Qarcheh Daghi, Sayyed Hosein Qazi, Mirza Muhammad Taqi Tabrizi. Muhammad Kazem Khorasani ( Akhoond Khorasani), Mirza Fathollah Shariati, Mirza Hosein Tehrani, Sheykh Muhammad Kazem Yazdi, Fazel Sharabyani, Sheykh Muhammad Bahari, Sayyed Ahmad Karbalaei. Pupils Some of his pupils include: Allameh Sayyed Muhammad Hossein Tabatabaei,Shining Sun n Memory of Allamah Tabataba'i (A translation of Mihr-i-Taban) by Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Husayni Tihrani; Translation: Tawus Raja;- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli
Hassan Hasanzadeh Amoli ( fa, حسن حسنزاده آملی, 12 February 1929 – 25 September 2021) was an Iranian Shi'ite theologian known for his mystical tendencies and Islamic philosophy. He was among clerics who overcomed the traditional opposition to teaching philosophy courses at Shi'ite seminaries. He wrote many books in philosophy, mysticism, mathematics, astronomy, Persian and Arabic literature.He interpreted the Islamic philosophical tradition in a similar way to Mulla Sadra, which is a reconciliation of religion, reason and mysticism. His books include ''Sharh fusus al-hikam'', ''Tashih nahj al-balagha'', ''Insan dar 'urf-i 'irfan'', ''Tashih kalila wa dimna''. He died on Saturday, 25 September 2021, at the age of 92. Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei offered prayers on his body. Hassanzadeh Amoli was elected as a "Immortal figures of Iran" in 2003. Hasanzadeh-Amoli was father-in-law of Iranian conservative politician Baqer Larijani. Biography Allame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani ( fa, محمدتقی بهجت فومنی) (24 August 1916 – 17 May 2009) was an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'. Biography Mohammad-Taqi was born on 24 August 1916 in the Fouman, Gilan province in the north of Iran. Mohammad's mother died when he was at an early age and he lived with father. Bahjat's father sold cookies to gain as income. He started his primary education from Fouman. At the age 14, he went to Karbala and Najaf, Iraq for continuing his education in advance level. After returning to Iran on 1945, he resided in Qom and at the Qom Seminary, Mohammad-Taqi taught jurisprudence and theology. Teachers While he lived in Najaf, he was a student of Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani, Shaikh Muhammad Kadhim Shirazi, Mirza Hussein Naini, Agha Zia Addin Araghi, and Shaikh Muhammad Hussain al-Gharawi. Also, Ali Tabatabaei (known as Ayatollah Qadhi) was his teacher in spirituality and gnosticism. In Qom, he attended the class of Ayatollah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruhollah Khomeini
Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Khomeini, Imam Khomeini ( , ; ; 17 May 1900 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian political and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the end of the Persian monarchy. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's first supreme leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. Most of his period in power was taken up by the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988. He was succeeded by Ali Khamenei on 4 June 1989. Khomeini was born in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province. His father was murdered in 1903 when Khomeini was two years old. He began studying the Quran and Arabic from a young age and was assiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai
Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i or Sayyid Mohammad Hossein Tabataba'i (16 March 1903 – 15 November 1981) was an Iranian scholar, theorist, philosopher and one of the most prominent thinkers of modern Shia Islam. He is perhaps best known for his ''Tafsir al-Mizan'', a twenty-seven-volume work of tafsir (Quranic exegesis), which he produced between 1954 and 1972. He is commonly known as Allameh Tabataba'i and the Allameh Tabataba'i University in Tehran is named after him. Biography He received his earlier education in his native Tabriz city, mastering the elements of Arabic and the religious sciences, and at about the age of twenty set out for the great Shiite university of Najaf to continue more advanced studies. He studied at Najaf, under masters such as Ali Tabatabaei (in gnosis), Mirza Muhammad Husain Na'ini, Sheykh Muhammad Hossein Qaravi Esfahani (in Fiqh and Jurisprudence), Sayyid Abu'l-Qasim Khwansari (in Mathematics), as well as studying the standard texts of Avicenna's ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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