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International Conference On Intelligent Text Processing And Computational Linguistics
CICLing (International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing; before 2017 known under the name International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics) is an annual conference on computational linguistics (CL) and natural language processing (NLP). The first CICLing conference was held in 2000 in Mexico City. The conference is attended by one to two hundred of NLP and CL researchers and students every year. As of 2017, it is ranked within top 20 sources (conferences and journals) on computational linguistics by Google Scholar. Past CICLing conferences have been held in Mexico, Korea, Israel, Romania, Japan, India, Greece, Nepal, Egypt, Turkey, Hungary, and Vietnam; the 2019 event was held in France. Overview CICLing is a series of annual international conferences devoted to computational linguistics (CL), natural language processing (NLP), human language technologies (HLT), natural-language human-computer in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computational Linguistics
Computational linguistics is an Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions. In general, computational linguistics draws upon linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, logic, philosophy, cognitive science, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, anthropology and neuroscience, among others. Sub-fields and related areas Traditionally, computational linguistics emerged as an area of artificial intelligence performed by computer scientists who had specialized in the application of computers to the processing of a natural language. With the formation of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) and the establishment of independent conference series, the field consolidated during the 1970s and 1980s. The Association for Computational Linguistics defines computational linguistics as: The term "comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stemming
In linguistic morphology and information retrieval, stemming is the process of reducing inflected (or sometimes derived) words to their word stem, base or root form—generally a written word form. The stem need not be identical to the morphological root of the word; it is usually sufficient that related words map to the same stem, even if this stem is not in itself a valid root. Algorithms for stemming have been studied in computer science since the 1960s. Many search engines treat words with the same stem as synonyms as a kind of query expansion, a process called conflation. A computer program or subroutine that stems word may be called a ''stemming program'', ''stemming algorithm'', or ''stemmer''. Examples A stemmer for English operating on the stem ''cat'' should identify such strings as ''cats'', ''catlike'', and ''catty''. A stemming algorithm might also reduce the words ''fishing'', ''fished'', and ''fisher'' to the stem ''fish''. The stem need not be a word, for examp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammar
In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structure, structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clause (linguistics), clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such constraints, a field that includes domains such as phonology, morphology (linguistics), morphology, and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are currently two different approaches to the study of grammar: traditional grammar and Grammar#Theoretical frameworks, theoretical grammar. Fluency, Fluent speakers of a variety (linguistics), language variety or ''lect'' have effectively internalized these constraints, the vast majority of which – at least in the case of one's First language, native language(s) – are language acquisition, acquired not by conscious study or language teaching, instruction but by hearing other speakers. Much of this internalization occurs during early childhood; learning a language later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machine-readable Dictionary
Machine-readable dictionary (''MRD'') is a dictionary stored as machine (computer) data instead of being printed on paper. It is an electronic dictionary and lexical database. A machine-readable dictionary is a dictionary in an electronic form that can be loaded in a database and can be queried via application software. It may be a single language explanatory dictionary or a multi-language dictionary to support translations between two or more languages or a combination of both. Translation software between multiple languages usually apply bidirectional dictionaries. An MRD may be a dictionary with a proprietary structure that is queried by dedicated software (for example online via internet) or it can be a dictionary that has an open structure and is available for loading in computer databases and thus can be used via various software applications. Conventional dictionaries contain a lemma with various descriptions. A machine-readable dictionary may have additional capabilities and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictionary
A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, pronunciations, translation, etc.Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fourth Edition, 2002 It is a lexicographical reference that shows inter-relationships among the data. A broad distinction is made between general and specialized dictionaries. Specialized dictionaries include words in specialist fields, rather than a complete range of words in the language. Lexical items that describe concepts in specific fields are usually called terms instead of words, although there is no consensus whether lexicology and terminology are two different fields of study. In theory, general dictionaries are supposed to be semasiological, mapping word to definition, while specialized dictionaries are supposed to be onomasiological, first identifying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexical Resources
Lexical may refer to: Linguistics * Lexical corpus or lexis, a complete set of all words in a language * Lexical item, a basic unit of lexicographical classification * Lexicon, the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge * Lexical (semiotics) or content word, words referring to ''things'', as opposed to having only grammatical meaning ** Lexical verb, a member of an open class of verbs that includes all verbs except auxiliary verbs * Lexical aspect, a characteristic of the meaning of verbs * Lexical form, the canonical form of a word, under which it appears in dictionaries * Lexical definition or dictionary definition, the meaning of a term in common usage * Lexical semantics, a subfield of linguistic semantics that studies how and what the words of a language denote Computing * Lexical analysis, the process of converting a sequence of characters into a sequence of tokens * Lexical Markup Framework, the ISO standard for natural language processing and machine- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexicon
A lexicon is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word ''lexicon'' derives from Koine Greek language, Greek word (), neuter of () meaning 'of or for words'. Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrases are also considered to be part of the lexicon. Dictionary, Dictionaries are lists of the lexicon, in alphabetical order, of a given language; usually, however, bound morphemes are not included. Size and organization Items in the le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pragmatics
In linguistics and related fields, pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to meaning. The field of study evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the interpreted. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. Pragmatics encompasses phenomena including implicature, speech acts, relevance and conversation,Mey, Jacob L. (1993) ''Pragmatics: An Introduction''. Oxford: Blackwell (2nd ed. 2001). as well as nonverbal communication. Theories of pragmatics go hand-in-hand with theories of semantics, which studies aspects of meaning, and syntax which examines sentence structures, principles, and relationships. The ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is called ''pragmatic competence''. Pragmatics emerged as its own subfield in the 1950s after the pioneering work of J.L. Austin and Paul Grice. Origin of the field Pragmatics was a reaction to structuralist l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semantic Analysis (machine Learning)
In machine learning, semantic analysis of a corpus is the task of building structures that approximate concepts from a large set of documents. It generally does not involve prior semantic understanding of the documents. A metalanguage based on predicate logic can analyze the speech of humans. Another strategy to understand the semantics of a text is symbol grounding. If language is grounded, it is equal to recognizing a machine readable meaning. For the restricted domain of spatial analysis, a computer based language understanding system was demonstrated. Latent semantic analysis (sometimes latent semantic indexing), is a class of techniques where documents are represented as vectors in term space. A prominent example is PLSI. Latent Dirichlet allocation involves attributing document terms to topics. n-grams and hidden Markov models work by representing the term stream as a Markov chain where each term is derived from the few terms before it. See also * Explicit semantic ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambiguity Resolution
Ambiguity resolution is used to find the value of a measurement that requires modulo sampling. This is required for pulse-Doppler radar signal processing. Measurements Some types of measurements introduce an unavoidable modulo operation in the measurement process. This happens with all radar systems. Radar aliasing happens when: * Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is too low to sample Doppler frequency directly * PRF is too high to sample range directly Pulse Doppler sonar uses similar principles to measure position and velocity involving liquids. Radar Systems Radar systems operating at a PRF below about 3 kHz pulse rate produce true range, but produce ambiguous target speed. Radar systems operating at a PRF above 30 kHz produce true target speed, but produce ambiguous target range. Medium PRF systems produce both ambiguous range measurement and ambiguous radial speed measurement using PRF from 3 kHz to 30 kHz. Ambiguity resolution finds true range and tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Textual Entailment
Textual entailment (TE) in natural language processing is a directional relation between text fragments. The relation holds whenever the truth of one text fragment follows from another text. In the TE framework, the entailing and entailed texts are termed ''text'' (''t'') and ''hypothesis'' (''h''), respectively. Textual entailment is not the same as pure logical entailment – it has a more relaxed definition: "''t'' entails ''h''" (''t'' ⇒ ''h'') if, typically, a human reading ''t'' would infer that ''h'' is most likely true. (Alternatively: ''t'' ⇒ ''h'' if and only if, typically, a human reading ''t'' would be justified in inferring the proposition expressed by ''h'' from the proposition expressed by ''t''.) The relation is directional because even if "''t'' entails ''h''", the reverse "''h'' entails ''t''" is much less certain. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chunking (computational Linguistics)
Shallow parsing (also chunking or light parsing) is an analysis of a sentence which first identifies constituent parts of sentences (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.) and then links them to higher order units that have discrete grammatical meanings (noun groups or phrases, verb groups, etc.). While the most elementary chunking algorithms simply link constituent parts on the basis of elementary search patterns (e.g., as specified by regular expressions), approaches that use machine learning techniques (classifiers, topic modeling, etc.) can take contextual information into account and thus compose chunks in such a way that they better reflect the semantic relations between the basic constituents. That is, these more advanced methods get around the problem that combinations of elementary constituents can have different higher level meanings depending on the context of the sentence. It is a technique widely used in natural language processing. It is similar to the concept of lexical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
