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Indura
Indura ( Belarusian: Індура; Russian; Индура; yi, אמדור, Amdur) is a village in the Grodno District of the Grodno Region of Belarus. The town's name in Yiddish is Amdur, which lends its name to the Amdur Hasidic dynasty founded by Chaim Chaykl of Amdur. History The first mention of Indura appears in the 16th century, when the settlement was under the rule of Jan Dovojnovich, who, in 1522, built a wooden church of the Holy Trinity in Indura. Between the 16th and 17th century, Indura was under the rule of Radziwill family, Pac family, and Kiszka family, later being owned by the Oginski family and Massalski family in the 18th century. Following the third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795, Indura became a part of the Russian Empire in the Grodno district and was under the rule of the Brzhostovsky family. In 1815, a stone church was built in the town and in 1881 the Orthodox church of St Alexander Nevsky was built, which still stands to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaim Chaykl Of Amdur
Chaim Chaykl (Chaika) Levin of Amdur (Hebrew: חיים חייקל (חייקא) לוין מאמדור; - March 13, 1787), also known as the Amdurer Rebbe, was an 18th-century Hasidic rebbe and author who is amongst the earliest founders of Lithuanian Hasidism. A leading disciple of Dov Ber of Mezeritch, in 1773 he founded the Amdur Hasidic dynasty in Indura, Belarus where he faced fierce opposition from local Misnagdim. Despite this, Chaim Chaykl would go on to lay the foundation for several important Hasidic principles. His Divrei Torah was posthumously published in 1891 in Warsaw under the title "Chaim V'Chesed", which is now an important Hasidic work. Early life Born around 1730, according to Hasidic tradition he was descended from an unbroken line of Tzadikim Nistarim. His father Rabbi Shmuel Levin (1700-1765) was a fervent Misnagid. In his early years, Chaim Chaykl served as a cantor in Karlin, later being sent by his father to learn at the Yeshiva of the Vilna Gaon, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amdur (Hasidic Dynasty) (1921–1998), American public health researcher
{{disambig, surname ...
Amdur may refer to: * Amdur (Hasidic dynasty) *Indura, a village in Belarus * Ellis Amdur (born 1952), American martial arts writer * Mary Amdur Mary Ochsenhirt Amdur (February 18, 1921 – February 16, 1998) was an American toxicologist and public health researcher who worked primarily on pollution. She was charged with studying the effects of the 1948 Donora smog, specifically looking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Time
Moscow Time (MSK, russian: моско́вское вре́мя) is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia, and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg. It is the second-westernmost of the eleven time zones of Russia. It has been set to UTC+03:00 without DST since 26 October 2014; before that date it had been set to UTC+04:00 year-round on 27 March 2011. Moscow Time is used to schedule trains, ships, etc. throughout Russia, but airplane travel is scheduled using local time. Times in Russia are often announced throughout the country on radio stations as Moscow Time, which is also registered in telegrams, etc. Descriptions of time zones in Russia are often based on Moscow Time rather than UTC. For example, Yakutsk ( UTC+09:00) is said to be MSK+6 in Russia. History Until the October Revolution, the official time in Moscow corresponded to GMT+02:30:17 (according to the longitude of the Astronomical Observatory of Moscow State University). In 1919 the Council ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ogiński Family
The House of Ogiński, feminine form: Ogińska, plural: Ogińscy ( lt, Oginskiai, be, Агінскія, Ahinskija) was a noble family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland (later, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth), member of the Princely Houses of Poland. They were most likely of Rurikid stock, related to Chernihiv Knyaz family, and originated from the Smolensk region, incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in approximately the fourteenth century. The family bears its name from Uogintai ( pl, Oginty, in present-day Kaišiadorys district of Lithuania), a major estate of the family in Lithuania that was granted to precursor of the family, Knyaz Dmitry Hlushonok (d. 1510), by Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander in 1486. An important family in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the family had produced many important officials of the state, as well as several notable musicians. The political stronghold of the Ogiński clan was the Vitebsk Voivodeship, where a palace was built ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Invasion Of Poland
The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west. Subsequent military operations lasted for the following 20 days and ended on 6 October 1939 with the two-way division and annexation of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. This division is sometimes called the Fourth Partition of Poland. The Soviet (as well as German) invasion of Poland was indirectly indicated in the "secret protocol" of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact signed on 23 August 1939, which divided Poland into "spheres of influence" of the two powers. German and Soviet cooperation in the invasion of Poland has been described as co-belligerence. The Red Army, which vastly outnumbered the Polish defenders, achieved its targets, encountering only limited resistance. Some 320,000 Poles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of the First World War. The Second Republic ceased to exist in 1939, when Invasion of Poland, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of the European theatre of World War II, European theatre of the Second World War. In 1938, the Second Republic was the sixth largest country in Europe. According to the Polish census of 1921, 1921 census, the number of inhabitants was 27.2 million. By 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, this had grown to an estimated 35.1 million. Almost a third of the population came from minority groups: 13.9% Ruthenians; 10% Ashkenazi Jews; 3.1% Belarusians; 2.3% Germans and 3.4% Czechs and Lithuanians. At the same time, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riga Peace Treaty
The Peace of Riga, also known as the Treaty of Riga ( pl, Traktat Ryski), was signed in Riga on 18 March 1921, among Poland, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine. The treaty ended the Polish–Soviet War. The Soviet-Polish borders established by the treaty remained in force until World War II. They were later redrawn during the Tehran Conference, Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference. Background World War I removed former imperial borders across Europe. Following the Russian Revolution which had renounced Tsarist claims to Poland, as well as the Central Powers provisions for Congress Poland in the March 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, The Great War had ended with the collapse of the Central Powers. The Treaty of Versailles had re-established Poland's independence after a century and a half of being divided by three empires. The Russian Civil War presented an opportunity for Poland, under the leadership of Józef Piłsudski, to regain p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Nevsky
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (russian: Александр Ярославич Невский; ; 13 May 1221 – 14 November 1263) served as Prince of Novgorod (1236–40, 1241–56 and 1258–1259), Grand Prince of Kiev (1236–52) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (1252–63) during some of the most difficult times in Kievan Rus' history. Commonly regarded as a key figure of medieval Rus', Alexander was a grandson of Vsevolod the Big Nest and rose to legendary status on account of his military victories over German and Swedish invaders. He preserved separate statehood and Orthodoxy, agreeing to pay tribute to the powerful Golden Horde. Metropolite Macarius canonized Alexander Nevsky as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1547. Childhood and youth From ''Tales of the Life and Courage of the Pious and Great Prince Alexander'' found in the ''Second Pskovian Chronicle'', circa 1260–1280, comes one of the first known references to the Great Prince: "By the will of God, pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. It also held colonies in North America between 1799 and 1867. Covering an area of approximately , it remains the third-largest empire in history, surpassed only by the British Empire and the Mongol Empire; it ruled over a population of 125.6 million people per the 1897 Russian census, which was the only census carried out during the entire imperial period. Owing to its geographic extent across three continents at its peak, it featured great ethnic, linguistic, religious, and economic diversity. From the 10th–17th centuries, the land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Partition Of Poland
The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland–Lithuania and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polish–Lithuanian national sovereignty until 1918. The partition was the result of the Kościuszko Uprising and was followed by a number of Polish uprisings during the period. Background Following the First Partition of Poland in 1772, in an attempt to strengthen the significantly weakened Commonwealth, King Stanisław August Poniatowski put into effect a series of reforms to enhance Poland's military, political system, economy, and society. These reforms reached their climax with the enactment of the May Constitution in 1791, which established a constitutional monarchy with separation into three branches of government, strengthened the bourgeoisie and abolished many of the nobility's privileges as well as many of the old laws of serfdom. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massalski Family
200px, Coat of Arms of the Massalski family The House of Massalski (Plural: Massalscy, feminine form: Massalska), sometimes Masalski , Massalsky or Mosalsky, is a Polish-Lithuanian, Russian-Lithuanian princely family of Ruthenian origin from the Principality of Chernigov and based on the city of Mosalsk. The family descended from the Rurik dynasty. Their princely title was recognized in 1775. Living family members are members in the Confederation of the Polish Nobility. Notable members * Aleksander Masalski (1593-1643), voivode of Minsk Voivodeship * Andrzej Massalski (died 1651), voivode of Minsk Voivodeship * Michał Józef Massalski, Great Hetman of Lithuania * Ignacy Jakub Massalski, Bishop of Wilno * Józef Adrian Massalski (1726-1765), marszałek of the Sejm * Helena Apolonia Massalska (1763-1815), diarist * Edward Tomasz Massalski (1799-1879), writer and publicist * Józef Massalski (1800-1845), poet Palaces File:Old Verkiai Palace.jpg, Verkiai Palace Verkiai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pac Family
The House of Pac or Pacowie ( pl, Pacowie, lt, Pacai, be, Па́цы) was one of the most influential noble families in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the era of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Numerous high-ranking officials of the Commonwealth came from their ranks. Their coat of arms was Gozdawa. The family reached the height of its influence during the second half of the 17th century. Their lands were located mainly in Hrodna ( pl, Grodno, lt, Gardinas) and Lida ( lt, Lyda). The family's ancestor Kimantas was mentioned in the privilege of 1388 issued by Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great as ''Kymunt''. The estate of the family in proximity of Grodno was mentioned in the road description, charted by the Teutonic Knights, as ''Kymundsdorf''. Kimantas and his son Daukša (Dowkszewicz) were among the signatories of the Union of Vilnius and Radom of 1401. Daukša's son Pac is considered the first member of the family; his descendants took his first name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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