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In-Ko-Pah Mountains
The In-Ko-Pah Mountains are one of the Peninsular Ranges located near the U.S. border with Mexico in southern California, west of the Jacumba Mountains. The range, which lies in a north-south direction, is located just north of Interstate 8, and east of the Manzanita Indian Reservation. The range is approximately long. Mt. Tule, at , and Sombrero Peak, at above sea level, are the tallest mountains in the chain. Geology The In-Ko-Pah Mountains consist of faulted granitic intrusive bedrock, weathered into dramatic piles of residual boulders. The local granodiorite is naturally a very light color, weathering over centuries into a reddish-orange desert varnish. Visitors can view these landforms while driving Interstate 8 through Devil's Canyon heading west and In-Ko-Pah Gorge heading east. Remnants of Highway 80, the first North American transcontinental highway, can be seen on either side. The boulders can be examined closer at the Desert View Tower, a historic roadside st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Diego County, California
San Diego County (), officially the County of San Diego, is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634, making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego, the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous city in the United States. It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States, and is a border county. It is also home to 18 Native American tribal reservations, the most of any county in the United States. San Diego County comprises the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desert Varnish
Desert varnish or rock varnish is an orange-yellow to black coating found on exposed rock surfaces in arid environments. Desert varnish is approximately one micrometer thick and exhibits nanometer-scale layering. Rock rust and desert patina are other terms which are also used for the condition, but less often. Formation Desert varnish forms only on physically stable rock surfaces that are no longer subject to frequent precipitation, fracturing or wind abrasion. The varnish is primarily composed of particles of clay along with oxides of iron and manganese. There is also a host of trace elements and almost always some organic matter. The color of the varnish varies from shades of brown to black. It has been suggested that desert varnish should be investigated as a potential candidate for a "shadow biosphere". However, a 2008 microscopy study posited that desert varnish has already been reproduced with chemistry not involving life in the lab, and that the main component is actually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benchmark Maps
Benchmark may refer to: Business and economics * Benchmarking, evaluating performance within organizations * Benchmark price * Benchmark (crude oil), oil-specific practices Science and technology * Benchmark (surveying), a point of known elevation marked for the purpose of surveying * Benchmarking (geolocating), an activity involving finding benchmarks * Benchmark (computing), the result of running a computer program to assess performance * Benchmark, a best-performing, or gold standard test in medicine and statistics Companies * Benchmark Electronics, an electronics manufacturer * Benchmark (venture capital firm), a venture capital firm * Benchmark Recordings, a music label with CDs by the Fabulous Thunderbirds and Mike Bloomfield Other uses * ''Benchmarking'' (journal), a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal relating to the field of quality management * McAfee's Benchmark, a brand of bourbon * ''Benchmark'' (game show), on UK Channel 4 See also * Specification (techn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:Category:Peninsular Ranges
'' This is the category for the mountain ranges within the Peninsular Ranges, '' '' of Southern California, U.S. and the Baja California peninsula, Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema .... '' {{Non-diffusing subcategory, Mountain ranges of Southern California, mountain ranges Mountain ranges of Mexico Pacific Coast Ranges Geologic provinces of California Geology of San Diego County, California Geology of Riverside County, California Geology of Orange County, California Geology of San Bernardino County, California Landforms of Baja California Natural history of Baja California Sur Wikipedia categories named after mountain ranges Physiographic sections ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boulevard, California
Boulevard is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Mountain Empire area of southeastern San Diego County, California. At the 2010 census, it had a population of 315. The area is rural high desert along the Mexican border near the eastern extent of San Diego County. The Boulevard area encompasses the communities of Manzanita, Live Oak Springs and Tierra Del Sol. Nearby communities in the same wire center ( central office) for wired telephones include: Calexico Lodge, Jacumba, Live Oak Springs, Manzanita, Pueblo Siding, and Tierra del Sol. Default wired telephone numbers for this area follow the format (619) 766-xxxx. The ZIP code is 91905. History The Kumeyaay and Cocopah Indians were Boulevard's earliest inhabitants, and the area is rich in Native American history, culture and archeological resources. Today Boulevard is the headquarters of the Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians. An area near Calexico Lodge is occasionally referred to as Eckener Pass. Reportedl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desert View Tower
The Desert View Tower is located on Interstate 8, in Boulder Park, in western Imperial County, Southern California. It is also adjacent to remaining sections of Old U.S. Route 80. It is at in elevation, in the In-Ko-Pah Mountains. Travel through this area has existed for centuries, and is documented in many of the nineteenth century newspapers of San Diego and elsewhere. Pioneers are known to have crossed here on trips between Yuma and San Diego. The first crossing in wheeled vehicles may have been the 1856 journey of Lt. E.B. Williston from San Diego, briefly through México, then up through Jacumba and on to Yuma. An historical plaque next to the tower marks the site of the Mountain Springs Station, a stone house used in 1862-1870 as a store from which ox teams pulled wagons up a 30% grade. Beginning in 1915, the Old Plank Road provided additional assistance for making the crossing in motorcars. The stone tower was built over several years beginning in 1922 by Bert Vaughn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In-Ko-Pah Gorge
In-Ko-Pah Gorge is a deep narrow canyon or gorge in San Diego and Imperial counties, California. Its head is at at an elevation of . Myer Creek flows down the In-Ko-Pah Gorge from its source in the Jacumba Mountains at the head of the canyon to its mouth at an elevation of , then eastward to its mouth where it settles into the sands of the Yuha Desert, east of Ocotillo. Boulder Creek enters the canyon at its confluence with Myer Creek, a little over below the source of Myer Creek, at an elevation of . In-Ko-Pah Gorge carries the eastbound lanes of Interstate 8 through the In-Ko-Pah Mountains The In-Ko-Pah Mountains are one of the Peninsular Ranges located near the U.S. border with Mexico in southern California, west of the Jacumba Mountains. The range, which lies in a north-south direction, is located just north of Interstate 8, and ..., while the westbound lanes use a different alignment through Devils Canyon. History In-Ko-Pah Gorge was originally known as Myer Canyon. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devils Canyon (Jacumba Mountains)
Devils Canyon is a steep canyon in the Jacumba Mountains in Imperial and San Diego County, California, United States. Its mouth is located at an elevation of in Imperial County. Its head is at an elevation of at in the Jacumba Mountains in San Diego County. History From 1862 Devils Canyon was the route of a wagon road between San Diego and Yuma, Arizona. The canyon later became the route of the westbound lanes of Interstate 8 that pass up the canyon to Mountain Spring. The eastbound lanes use a different alignment through the In-Ko-Pah Gorge In-Ko-Pah Gorge is a deep narrow canyon or gorge in San Diego and Imperial counties, California. Its head is at at an elevation of . Myer Creek flows down the In-Ko-Pah Gorge from its source in the Jacumba Mountains at the head of the canyon to .... References Valleys of Imperial County, California Valleys of San Diego County, California Interstate 8 {{SanDiegoCountyCA-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Granodiorite
Granodiorite () is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase feldspar. The term banatite is sometimes used informally for various rocks ranging from granite to diorite, including granodiorite. Composition According to the QAPF diagram, granodiorite has a greater than 20% quartz by volume, and between 65% and 90% of the feldspar is plagioclase. A greater amount of plagioclase would designate the rock as tonalite. Granodiorite is felsic to intermediate in composition. It is the intrusive igneous equivalent of the extrusive igneous dacite. It contains a large amount of sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) rich plagioclase, potassium feldspar, quartz, and minor amounts of muscovite mica as the lighter colored mineral components. Biotite and amphiboles often in the form of hornblende are more abundant in granodiorite than in granite, giving it a more distinct two-toned or overall darker appearan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USGS
The United States Geological Survey (USGS), formerly simply known as the Geological Survey, is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization's work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility. The agency was founded on March 3, 1879. The USGS is a bureau of the United States Department of the Interior; it is that department's sole scientific agency. The USGS employs approximately 8,670 people and is headquartered in Reston, Virginia. The USGS also has major offices near Lakewood, Colorado, at the Denver Federal Center, and Menlo Park, California. The current motto of the USGS, in use since August 1997, is "science for a changing world". The agency's previous slogan, adopted on the occasion of its hundredth anniv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manzanita Band Of Diegueno Mission Indians
The Manzanita Band of Diegueño Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of Kumeyaay Indians, who are sometimes known as part of the Mission Indians.SCTCA.net: Manzanita Band of the Kumeyaay Nation with map. Culture Because the Manzanita Band is one of the Kumeyaay band of Indians, their culture has everything to do with the Kumeyaays. For example, Kumeyaay customs are passed through generations and they gather in both times of celebration and griefs. Kumeyaay Culture deals a lot with songs. Song showed them how to survive and contains the collective wisdom of the Kumeyaay. Some popular songs include the Bird Songs and the Eagle Dance. The social structure of the bands included the shiimull, which is an ancestral descent group, that is go ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interstate 8
Interstate 8 (I-8) is an Interstate Highway in the southwestern United States. It runs from the southern edge of Mission Bay at Sunset Cliffs Boulevard in San Diego, California, almost at the Pacific Ocean, to the junction with I-10, just southeast of Casa Grande, Arizona. In California, the freeway travels through the San Diego metropolitan area as the Ocean Beach Freeway and the Mission Valley Freeway before traversing the Cuyamaca Mountains and providing access through the Imperial Valley, including the city of El Centro. Crossing the Colorado River into Arizona, I-8 continues through the city of Yuma across the Sonoran Desert to Casa Grande, in between the cities of Phoenix and Tucson. The first route over the Cuyamaca Mountains was dedicated in 1912, and a plank road served as the first road across the Imperial Valley to Yuma; east of there, the Gila Trail continued east to Gila Bend, Arizona, Gila Bend. These were later replaced by U.S. Route 80 (US ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
