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Imperial Vietnam
The Empire of Vietnam (; Literary Chinese and Contemporary Japanese: ; Modern Japanese: ja, ベトナム帝国, Betonamu Teikoku, label=none) was a short-lived puppet state of Imperial Japan governing the former French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin between March 11 and August 25, 1945. At the end of its rule, the empire also successfully reclaimed Cochinchina as part of Vietnam. History During World War II, after the fall of France and establishment of Vichy France, the French had lost practical control in French Indochina to the Japanese, but Japan stayed in the background while giving the Vichy French administrators nominal control. This changed on 9 March 1945 when Japan officially took over. To gain the support of the Vietnamese people, Imperial Japan declared that it would return sovereignty to Vietnam. On 11 March 1945, Bảo Đại was permitted to announce the Vietnamese "independence", this declaration had been prepared by Yokoyama Seiko, Minister for Economi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literary Chinese
Classical Chinese, also known as Literary Chinese (古文 ''gǔwén'' "ancient text", or 文言 ''wényán'' "text speak", meaning "literary language/speech"; modern vernacular: 文言文 ''wényánwén'' "text speak text", meaning "literary language writing"), is the language of the classic literature from the end of the Spring and Autumn period through to the either the start of the Qin dynasty or the end of the Han dynasty, a written form of Old Chinese (上古漢語, ''Shànɡɡǔ Hànyǔ''). Classical Chinese is a traditional style of written Chinese that evolved from the classical language, making it different from any modern spoken form of Chinese. Literary Chinese was used for almost all formal writing in China until the early 20th century, and also, during various periods, in Japan, Ryukyu, Korea and Vietnam. Among Chinese speakers, Literary Chinese has been largely replaced by written vernacular Chinese, a style of writing that is similar to modern spoken Mandarin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bảo Đại
Bảo Đại (, vi-hantu, , lit. "keeper of greatness", 22 October 191331 July 1997), born Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy (), was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam. From 1926 to 1945, he was emperor of Annam and ''de jure'' monarch of Tonkin, which were then protectorates in French Indochina, covering the present-day central and northern Vietnam. Bảo Đại ascended the throne in 1932. The Japanese ousted the Vichy French administration in March 1945 and then ruled through Bảo Đại, who renamed his country "Vietnam". He abdicated in August 1945 when Japan surrendered. From 1949 to 1955, Bảo Đại was the chief of state of the non-communist State of Vietnam. Viewed as a puppet ruler, Bảo Đại was criticized for being too closely associated with France and spending much of his time outside Vietnam. He was eventually ousted in a referendum in 1955 by Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm, who was supported by the United S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of France
The Battle of France (french: bataille de France) (10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign ('), the French Campaign (german: Frankreichfeldzug, ) and the Fall of France, was the Nazi Germany, German invasion of French Third Republic, France during the Second World War. On 3 September 1939, France French declaration of war on Germany (1939), declared war on Germany following the German invasion of Poland. In early September 1939, France began the limited Saar Offensive and by mid-October had withdrawn to their start lines. German armies German invasion of Belgium (1940), invaded Belgium, German invasion of Luxembourg, Luxembourg and German invasion of the Netherlands, the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. Fascist Italy (1922-1943), Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and attempted an Italian invasion of France, invasion of France. France and the Low Countries were conquered, ending land operations on the Western Front (World War II), Western Front until the Normandy l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Cochinchina
French Cochinchina (sometimes spelled ''Cochin-China''; french: Cochinchine française; vi, Xứ thuộc địa Nam Kỳ, Hán tự: ) was a colony of French Indochina, encompassing the whole region of Lower Cochinchina or Southern Vietnam from 1862 to 1946. The French operated a plantation economy whose primary strategic product was rubber. After the end of Japanese occupation (1941–45) and the expulsion from Saigon of Communist-led nationalist Viet Minh in 1946, the territory was established by the French as the ''Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina'', a controversial decision that helped trigger the First Indochina War. In a further move to deny the claims of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam declared in Hanoi by the Viet Minh in 1949, Cochinchina was formally united with Annam and Tonkin in the State of Vietnam within the French Union. ''Nam Kỳ'' originated from the reign of Minh Mạng of the Nguyễn dynasty, but became a name associated with the French colonial per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonkin (French Protectorate)
) , p1 = Nguyễn dynastyEmpire of Đại Nam , flag_p1 = Heirloom seal of the Nguyễn Dynasty.svg , p2 = Qing dynastyGreat Qing , flag_p2 = Flag of China (1862–1889).svg , p3 = Sip Song Chau TaiSip Song Chau Tai , flag_p3 = Sceau Du Grand Chancelier du Mérite Taï.jpg , p4 = Zhanjiang#Imperial China eraZhanjiang , flag_p4 = Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg , p5 = North VietnamDemocratic Republic of Vietnam , flag_p5 = Flag of North Vietnam (1945–1955).svg , s1 = Empire of VietnamEmpire of Vietnam , flag_s1 = Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg , s2 = Zhanjiang , flag_s2 = Flag of the Republic of China.svg , s3 = Provisional Central Government of VietnamProvisional Central Government of Vietnam , flag_s3 = Flag of South Vietnam.svg , image_coat = Seal of the Resident-Superior of the French protectorate of Tonkin.png , symbol_type = Seal of the Resident-Superior , other_symbol = Great Seal of the Viceroy of Tonkin(Until 1897) , image_map = Atlas de l'Indo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annam (French Protectorate)
) , image_flag = Flag of Colonial Annam.svg , image_flag2 = Long tinh flag.svg , flag_type = Top: Protectorate flag Bottom: Civil flag , image_coat = Coat of arms of Annam - S.M. Bao Daï, Le Dragon d'Annam (1980) colour scheme - Đại Nam (大南).svg , symbol_type = Coat of arms , other_symbol = Imperial seal皇帝之寶(Hoàng Đế chi bảo)( Until 1945) , image_map = Atlas de l'Indochine dressé (...)Indochine française bpt6k11001779 70.jpg , image_map_caption = Administrative divisions of the French Protectorate of Annam in 1920. , capital = Huế , common_languages = Cham, Bahnar, Rade, Jarai, Stieng, Mnong, Koho, Chinese, French, Vietnamese , religion = Mahayana BuddhismConfucianismTaoismCatholicismFolk religionHinduismIslam , currency = Vietnamese cash,French Indochinese piastre , today = Vietnam , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Indochina
French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China),; vi, Đông Dương thuộc Pháp, , lit. 'East Ocean under French Control; km, ឥណ្ឌូចិនបារាំង, ; th, อินโดจีนฝรั่งเศส, officially known as the Indochinese Union; vi, Liên bang Đông Dương, , lit. 'East Ocean Federation'; km, សហភាពឥណ្ឌូចិន; lo, ສະຫະພາບອິນໂດຈີນ and after 1947 as the Indochinese Federation,; vi, Liên đoàn Đông Dương; km, សហព័ន្ធឥណ្ឌូចិន; lo, ສະຫະພັນອິນດູຈີນ was a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia until its demise in 1954. It comprised Cambodia, Laos (from 1899), the Chinese territory of Guangzhouwan (from 1898 until 1945), and the Vietnamese regions of Tonkin (French protectorate), Tonkin in the north, Annam (French protectorate), Annam in the centre, and French Cochinchina, Cochinchin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puppet State
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government, is a State (polity), state that is ''de jure'' independent but ''de facto'' completely dependent upon an outside Power (international relations), power and subject to its orders.Compare: Puppet states have nominal Sovereign state, sovereignty, but a foreign power effectively exercises control through means such as financial interests, economic, or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside Powers evade all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralyzing the Government they tolerate. Puppet states are distinguished from Alliance, allies, which choose their actions on their own or in accordance with Treaty, treaties they voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into Rubber stamp (politics), providing legal endorsement for actions already taken by a foreign power. Characteristics A puppet state preserves the external paraphernalia of independence (such as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Military Currency (1937–1945)
Japanese military currency (Chinese and Japanese: 日本軍用手票, also 日本軍票 in short) was money issued to the soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces as a salary. The military yen reached its peak during the Pacific War period, when the Japanese government excessively issued it to all of its occupied territories. In Hong Kong, the military yen was forced upon the local population as the sole official currency of the territory. Since the military yen was not backed by gold, and did not have a specific place of issuance, the military yen could not be exchanged for the Japanese yen. Forcing local populations to use the military yen officially was one of the ways the Japanese government could dominate the local economies. Currencies in territories occupied by Japan The territories controlled or occupied by Japan had many different currencies. Taiwan maintained its own banking system and bank notes after it came under Japanese sovereignty in 1895. The same is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Indochinese Piastre
The piastre de commerce was the currency of French Indochina between 1885 and 1952. It was subdivided into 100 ''cents'', each of 2~6 '' sapèques''. The name ''piastre'' (), from Spanish pieces of eight (pesos), dates to the 16th century and has been used as the name of many different historical units of currency. Denominations The currency of French Indochina was divided into the ''piastre'', ''cent'' / ''centime'', and '' sapèque'' units. One ''piastre'' equals 100 cents and one cent equals between 2 and 6 ''sapèques'' depending on the dynasty and reign era.Phạm Thăng. Tiền tệ Việt Nam theo dòng lịch sử. Toronto, Canada. Date: 1995. (in Vietnamess). Page 159. According to that ratio, a French Indochinese piastre coin is worth from 200 to 600 traditional Vietnamese cash coins. The Obverse of the banknotes and coins were inscribed in the French language, while the reverse side had inscriptions written in Traditional Chinese, Vietnamese Latin script, Lao, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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