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Ilek River
The Ilek ( kk, Елек, ''Elek'', russian: Илек) is a river in the Aktobe Region, Kazakhstan, and Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . The river basin is of archeological significance. There are burial sites of ancient Kurgan (Indo-European) cultures. Course The Ilek is a left tributary of the Ural. It is a steppe river, flowing at the southern end of the Ural Mountains. It rises just south of Orsk, flows south a short distance and then flows westward south of and parallel to the river Ural, with many meanders and oxbow lakes, and joins the Ural about west of Orenburg. Two main cities lie on the banks of the Ilek River: Sol-Iletsk and Aqtöbe (alternate spelling: Aktöbe, Aktyubinsk). The Ilek remains the most polluted water body in the Ural-Caspian basin. The content of boron and chromium in the river is caused by the tailing ponds of former chemical plants via ground water. The pollution level varies from "polluted" to "very polluted"."Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orsk
Orsk (russian: Орск) is the second largest city in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, located on the steppe about southeast of the southern tip of the Ural Mountains. The city straddles the Ural River. Population: It lies adjacent to the Kazakhstan–Russia border. Geography The city is located where the Ural River turns from south to west and where the Or River comes in from the southeast (hence the name). It was part of the Orenburg Line of forts. History Orsk was founded (as Orenburg) in 1735 in the process of the Russian colonization of Bashkiria and the Southern Ural region.С.М.Стрельников. Географические названия Оренбургской области. — Изд. 2-е, доп. и испр. — Кувандык, 2002. — 176 с. The first settlement was founded by an expedition headed by Ivan Kirilov as a military fortification at the Mount Preobrazhenskaya on the left bank of the Yaik River (presently Ural River). Originally called Orenbu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sol-Iletsk
Sol-Iletsk (russian: Соль-Иле́цк) is a town in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Ilek River (Ural's tributary), south of Orenburg, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 22,000 (1975); 11,802 (1897). The climate is arid, sharply continental. History It was founded in the 17th century as a Cossack settlement. In the mid-18th century, it was renamed Iletskaya Zashchita () due to the construction of fortifications. The name was then changed to Iletsk () in the 19th century. In 1945, the town was given its present name. A thick bed of excellent rocksalt is worked near this town (hence, the word "" (''sol'') in the town's name, which means "salt" in Russian). The place is also known as a balneological resort for its mineral waters, salt, mud, and brine baths, and its kumis cures. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Sol-Iletsk serves as the administrative center of Sol-Iletsky Dist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rivers Of Orenburg Oblast
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague. Rivers are part of the water cycle. Water generally collects in a river from precipitation through a drainage basin from surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge, springs, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rivers Of Kazakhstan
This is a list of rivers of Kazakhstan, arranged by drainage basin. Tributaries are listed in order from mouth to source. Flowing into the Arctic Ocean Ob Irtysh (''Ertis'') River * Tobol ** Ubagan ** Ayat ** Uy ** Syntasty * Ishim ** Imanburlyq **Aqqanburlyq **Terisaqqan **Qalqutan * Shagan **Ashchysu * Uba * Ulba *Bukhtarma ** Lukina *Naryn *Kürshim Flowing into endorheic basins Caspian Depression *Volga River **Akhtuba (''distributary'') ***Kigach (''distributary'') *Ural River ** Shagan ** Utva (''Shynghyrlau'') ** Ilek ***Kargaly ** Or * Bolshoy Uzen (''Ülken Özen'') * Maly Uzen (''Kishi Özen'') * Emba * Aschiagar River * Saghyz * Uil Aral Sea Syr Darya * Sarysu * Chu (''Shu'') ** Talas ***Asa ** Ak-Suu ** Kichi-Kemin * Bögen * Arys ** Badam *** Sayramsu ** Mashat **Boralday *Keles Akkol * Uly-Zhylanshyk Shalkarteniz * Turgay ** Irgiz ** Ulkayak *Tegene *Zhyngyldyozek *Kalmakkyrgan *Baikonyr *Zhymyky Lake Tengiz * Nura Balkhash-Alakol Basin *Ili ** Charyn ** Chilik ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rivers Of Kazakhstan
This is a list of rivers of Kazakhstan, arranged by drainage basin. Tributaries are listed in order from mouth to source. Flowing into the Arctic Ocean Ob Irtysh (''Ertis'') River *Tobol **Ubagan ** Ayat ** Uy ** Syntasty * Ishim ** Imanburlyq ** Aqqanburlyq ** Terisaqqan ** Qalqutan * Shagan **Ashchysu * Uba * Ulba *Bukhtarma ** Lukina *Naryn *Kürshim Flowing into endorheic basins Caspian Depression *Volga River **Akhtuba (''distributary'') ***Kigach (''distributary'') *Ural River ** Shagan **Utva (''Shynghyrlau'') ** Ilek ***Kargaly ** Or * Bolshoy Uzen (''Ülken Özen'') * Maly Uzen (''Kishi Özen'') * Emba * Aschiagar River * Saghyz * Uil Aral Sea Syr Darya * Sarysu * Chu (''Shu'') ** Talas ***Asa ** Ak-Suu ** Kichi-Kemin * Bögen * Arys ** Badam *** Sayramsu ** Mashat **Boralday *Keles Akkol * Uly-Zhylanshyk Shalkarteniz * Turgay ** Irgiz **Ulkayak *Tegene *Zhyngyldyozek *Kalmakkyrgan *Baikonyr *Zhymyky Lake Tengiz * Nura Balkhash-Alakol Basin *Ili ** Charyn ** Chilik ** Es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in group 6. It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard, and brittle transition metal. Chromium metal is valued for its high corrosion resistance and hardness. A major development in steel production was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic chromium to form stainless steel. Stainless steel and chrome plating (electroplating with chromium) together comprise 85% of the commercial use. Chromium is also greatly valued as a metal that is able to be highly polished while resisting tarnishing. Polished chromium reflects almost 70% of the visible spectrum, and almost 90% of infrared light. The name of the element is derived from the Greek word χρῶμα, ''chrōma'', meaning color, because many chromium compounds are intensely colored. Industrial production of chromium proceeds from chromite ore (mostly FeCr2O4) to produce ferro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boron
Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. In its crystalline form it is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous form it is a brown powder. As the lightest element of the ''boron group'' it has three valence electrons for forming covalent bonds, resulting in many compounds such as boric acid, the mineral borax, sodium borate, and the ultra-hard crystals of boron carbide and boron nitride. Boron is synthesized entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, so it is a low-abundance element in the Solar System and in the Crust (geology), Earth's crust. It constitutes about 0.001 percent by weight of Earth's crust. It is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally occurring compounds, the borate minerals. These are mined industrially as evaporites, such as borax and kernite. The largest known deposits are in Turkey, the largest producer of boron minerals. Elemental b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drainage Basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the '' drainage divide'', made up of a succession of elevated features, such as ridges and hills. A basin may consist of smaller basins that merge at river confluences, forming a hierarchical pattern. Other terms for a drainage basin are catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, river basin, water basin, and impluvium. In North America, they are commonly called a watershed, though in other English-speaking places, "watershed" is used only in its original sense, that of a drainage divide. In a closed drainage basin, or endorheic basin, the water converges to a single point inside the basin, known as a sink, which may be a permanent lake, a dry lake, or a point where surface water is lost underground. Drainage basins are similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Pollution
Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities, so that it negatively affects its uses. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater. Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into these water bodies. Water pollution can be attributed to one of four sources: sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and urban runoff including stormwater. It can be grouped into surface water pollution (either fresh water pollution or marine pollution) or groundwater pollution. For example, releasing inadequately treated wastewater into natural waters can lead to degradation of these aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution can also lead to water-borne diseases for people using polluted water for drinking, bathing, washing or irrigation. Water pollution reduces the ability of the body of water to provide the ecosystem services (such as drinking water) that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aktyubinsk
Aktobe ( kz, Ақтөбе, Aqtöbe; russian: Актобе, Aktobe) is a city on the Ilek River in Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Aktobe Region. In 2020, it had a population of 500,757 people. Aktobe is located in the west of Kazakhstan. The area of the city is about 428,469 km2. There are two water reservoirs: Aktobe and Sazdy. Aktobe ranks fourth among the cities of Kazakhstan in terms of population and is the largest city in western Kazakhstan. The city's populace is ethnically diverse, with 79% being Kazakhs and 14.8% being Russians. The predominant religions are Islam and Christianity. The agglomeration of Aktobe is expected to grow up to 1.3 million people, including nearby settlements. Etymology The name "Aktobe" comes from Kazakh "ақ" (white) and "төбе" (hill); the name is a reference to the heights on which the original 19th century settlement was located. Until 1999 it was officially known as Aktyubinsk (russian: Актюбинск). The former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aqtöbe
Aktobe ( kz, Ақтөбе, Aqtöbe; russian: Актобе, Aktobe) is a city on the Ilek River in Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Aktobe Region. In 2020, it had a population of 500,757 people. Aktobe is located in the west of Kazakhstan. The area of the city is about 428,469 km2. There are two water reservoirs: Aktobe and Sazdy. Aktobe ranks fourth among the cities of Kazakhstan in terms of population and is the largest city in western Kazakhstan. The city's populace is ethnically diverse, with 79% being Kazakhs and 14.8% being Russians. The predominant religions are Islam and Christianity. The agglomeration of Aktobe is expected to grow up to 1.3 million people, including nearby settlements. Etymology The name "Aktobe" comes from Kazakh "ақ" (white) and "төбе" (hill); the name is a reference to the heights on which the original 19th century settlement was located. Until 1999 it was officially known as Aktyubinsk (russian: Актюбинск). The former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orenburg
Orenburg (russian: Оренбу́рг, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is also very close to the Kazakhstan-Russia border, border with Kazakhstan. Population: Name Several historians have tried to explain the origins of the city's name. It was traditionally accepted that the word "orenburg" means a fortress on the Or River, River Or. In all probability, the word combination "orenburg" was proposed by , the founder of the city. In 1734, in accordance with his project, a package of governmental documents was worked out. This was the starting point for Orenburg as a fortress city near the meeting of the Or (river), Or and Ural rivers. On 7 June 1734, "A Privilege for Orenburg" (tsar's edict) was ordered by Anna of Russia, Empress Anna Ioannovna. While the construction site of the main fortress changed many times (down the River Ural), the name "Orenburg" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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