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Iharkutosuchus
''Iharkutosuchus'' (" Iharkút crocodile", after where it was found) is an extinct genus of basal eusuchian crocodyliform. Its fossils have been found in the Santonian-age Upper Cretaceous Csehbánya Formation in the Bakony Mountains of western Hungary. Description It is based on MTM 2006.52.1, a nearly complete skull, and several other partial skulls, isolated skull bones, and numerous teeth are also known. ''Iharkutosuchus'' was a small crocodyliform (skull length , estimated body length ). Its skull was low, and the snout was short. ''Iharkutosuchus'' is unusual in its heterodonty: some of its teeth were complex and multicusped, like mammal teeth. The structure of the skull indicates that it could grind food with a mobile lower jaw, and together with the teeth suggest a diet of fibrous plant material. Classification The genus was described in 2007 by Attila Ősi and colleagues. The type species is ''I. makadii'', named for László Makádi. A 2011 phylogenetic stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylaeochampsidae
Hylaeochampsidae is an extinct family (biology), family of basal (phylogenetics), basal eusuchian Crocodylomorpha, crocodylomorphs thought to be closely related to the order Crocodylia. Classification Hylaeochampsidae was first constructed by Charles William Andrews in 1913 to include just one member: ''Hylaeochampsa''. However, a new genus named ''Iharkutosuchus'' was described in 2007 and was found to be a sister taxon of ''Hylaeochampsa'', and thus a member of the family Hylaeochampsidae. The genus ''Heterosuchus'', named in 1887, may also be a member of the family. However, it is likely to be synonym (taxonomy), synonymous with ''Hylaeochampsa'' and has been considered a ''nomen dubium'' by James M. Clark and Mark Norell. Clark and Norell also claimed that there is no evidence to suggest that the two genera form a true clade distinct from other eusuchians, because remains associated with ''Heterosuchus'' are to fragmentary to show any clear phylogenetic relationship. A fourth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylaeochampsa Vectiana
''Hylaeochampsa'' is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodylomorphs. It is known only from a partial skull recovered from Barremian-age rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Vectis Formation ( Wealden Group) of the Isle of Wight. This skull, BMNH R 177, is short and wide, with a eusuchian-like palate and inferred enlarged posterior teeth that would have been suitable for crushing.Owen, R. (1874). Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck formations. Supplement no. V. Dinosauria (''Iguanodon''). ealden and Purbeck. ''The Palaeontographical Society, London'' 1873:1-18 ''Hylaochampsa'' was described by Richard Owen in 1874, with ''H. vectiana'' as the type species. It may be the same genus as the slightly older '' Heterosuchus'', inferred to have been of similar evolutionary grade, but there is no overlapping material as ''Heterosuchus'' is known only from vertebrae. If the two could be shown to be synonyms, ''Hylaeochampsa'' would have priority because it is the older ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Csehbánya Formation
The Csehbánya Formation is a Formation (geology), geological formation in the Transdanubian Mountains of Veszprém County, Hungary. The formation dates to the Late Santonian (around 85-84 million years ago) of the Late Cretaceous. It represents a floodplain environment as opposed to the swampy lacustrine environment of the simultaneous Ajka Coal Formation, though there is complete overlap in terms of fauna. It underlies the Jákó Marl Formation, and laterally transitions to the Ajka Coal Formation. Geology The lithology of the unit is a cyclic variation of conglomerate, sandstone, variegated siltstone, clay and marl layers with some sporadic thin coal seams. It is unconformably overlies the Late Triassic Main Dolomite Formation, which has deposits of the Late Cretaceous, Upper Cretaceous Nagytárkány Bauxite Formation within deep karstic sinkholes in the formation. There is a basal conglomerate of dolomite clasts at the base of the Csehbánya formation. The main exposed port ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachycheilosuchus Trinquei
''Pachycheilosuchus'' (meaning "thick lipped crocodile") is an extinct genus of neosuchian from the Early Cretaceous of Texas, United States. Previously known, in part, as the "Glen Rose form", this crocodylomorph is notable for its procoelous vertebrae, otherwise found only in derived eusuchian crocodilians (the vertebrae articulate with a cup on the anterior surface and a rounded posterior surface), a thick margin on the maxillae (the main tooth-bearing bones of the upper jaw; thus "thick lipped crocodile"), and a shield of armor on the neck formed by the fusion of six individual scutes. Description ''Pachycheilosuchus'' is based on SMU 75278, a right maxilla, with the remains of at minimum 13 other individuals also known, representing most of the skeleton except hands, feet, and part of the skull. The remains were recovered near the top of the Glen Rose Formation of Erath County in central Texas, in rocks dating from the early Albian faunal stage. The fossils were found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietraroiasuchus Ormezzanoi
''Pietraroiasuchus'' is an extinct genus of hylaeochampsid eusuchian crocodylomorph from the Pietraroja Plattenkalk of the southern Apennines, Italy. Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... placement of ''Pietraroiasuchus'' from Buscalioni ''et al.'', 2011: References Early Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of Europe Early Cretaceous reptiles of Europe Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera {{paleo-archosaur-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusuchia
Eusuchia is a clade of crocodylomorphs that first appeared in the Early Cretaceous with ''Hylaeochampsa''. Along with Dyrosauridae and Sebecosuchia, they were the only crocodyliformes who survived the K-T extinction. Since the other two clades died out 47 and 11 million years ago respectively, all living crocodilian species are eusuchians, as are many extinct forms. Definition Eusuchia was originally defined by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1875 as an apomorphy-based group, meaning that it was defined by shared characteristics rather than relations. These characteristics include pterygoid-bounded choanae and vertebrae which are procoelous (concave from the front and convex from the back). The possibility that these traits may have been convergently evolved in different groups of neosuchians rather than one lineage spurred some modern paleontologists to revise the group's definition to make it defined solely by relations. In 1999, Christopher Brochu redefined Eusuchia as "the last common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusuchia
Eusuchia is a clade of crocodylomorphs that first appeared in the Early Cretaceous with ''Hylaeochampsa''. Along with Dyrosauridae and Sebecosuchia, they were the only crocodyliformes who survived the K-T extinction. Since the other two clades died out 47 and 11 million years ago respectively, all living crocodilian species are eusuchians, as are many extinct forms. Definition Eusuchia was originally defined by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1875 as an apomorphy-based group, meaning that it was defined by shared characteristics rather than relations. These characteristics include pterygoid-bounded choanae and vertebrae which are procoelous (concave from the front and convex from the back). The possibility that these traits may have been convergently evolved in different groups of neosuchians rather than one lineage spurred some modern paleontologists to revise the group's definition to make it defined solely by relations. In 1999, Christopher Brochu redefined Eusuchia as "the last common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Australia and Ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Morphology
The ''Journal of Morphology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of anatomy and morphology featuring primary research articles, review articles, and meeting abstracts. The journal was established in 1887 by zoologists and morphologists Edward Phelps Allis and C. O. Whitman. The journal appeared regularly from 1887 onwards and made a financial loss. Allis provided the support necessary for the journal to continue appearing until, after a short gap, the journal underwent reorganization in 1907 when it was taken over by Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, as a more permanent solution to its financial problems. As of 2022, it is edited by J. Matthias Starck.''Am. Zool. (1979) 19 (4): 1251-1253.'' According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocodylia
Crocodilia (or Crocodylia, both ) is an order of mostly large, predatory, semiaquatic reptiles, known as crocodilians. They first appeared 95 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period (Cenomanian stage) and are the closest living relatives of birds, as the two groups are the only known survivors of the Archosauria. Members of the order's total group, the clade Pseudosuchia, appeared about 250 million years ago in the Early Triassic period, and diversified during the Mesozoic era. The order Crocodilia includes the true crocodiles (family Crocodylidae), the alligators and caimans (family Alligatoridae), and the gharial and false gharial (family Gavialidae). Although the term 'crocodiles' is sometimes used to refer to all of these, crocodilians is a less ambiguous vernacular term for members of this group. Large, solidly built, lizard-like reptiles, crocodilians have long flattened snouts, laterally compressed tails, and eyes, ears, and nostrils at the top of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allodaposuchus
''Allodaposuchus'' is an extinct genus of crocodyliforms that lived in what is now southern Europe during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous. Although generally classified as a non-crocodylian eusuchian crocodylomorph, it is sometimes placed as one of the earliest true crocodylians. ''Allodaposuchus'' is one of the most common Late Cretaceous crocodylomorphs from Europe, with fossils known from Romania, Spain, and France. Description Like many other Cretaceous crocodylomorphs, ''Allodaposuchus'' has a relatively small body size compared to living crocodylians. The largest known specimen of ''Allodaposuchus'' belongs to an individual that was probably around long. Although the shape varies between species, in general ''Allodaposuchus'' has a short, flattened, and rounded skull. ''Allodaposuchus precedens'' has a brevirostrine or "short-snouted" skull with a snout about the same length as the skull table (the region of the skull behind the eye sockets) a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
