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Icius Insolidus
''Icius insolidus'' is a species of jumping spider in the genus '' Icius'' that lives in Namibia and South Africa. First described in 1999 by Wanda Wesołowska and allocated to the genus ''Menemerus'', the species was transferred to its current genus in 2006. It lives in rocky environments, primarily granite rocks and boulders, but also the walls of gardens. It is small spider, with a carapace between long and an abdomen is between . It is very dark brown or black. The male carapace and abdomen have a white stripe down the middle. The female abdomen has a vague leaf-like pattern on it. The male has a prominent tooth on the base of the chelicerae. It is this tooth that helps distinguish the species from others in the genus. The female epigyne has two widely separated rounded depressions. The species lives in nests, and the male and female will often share a nest after mating. Taxonomy ''Icius insolidus'' is a species of jumping spider that was first described by Wanda W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Icius
''Icius'' is a genus of jumping spiders described by Eugène Simon in 1876, belonging to the Order Araneae, Family Salticidae. Distribution ''Icius'' is an almost cosmopolitan genus, widespread in Europe (mainly in Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Poland, Romania, Portugal, southern Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Spain and in The Netherlands), as well in Asia, Africa and in Central and South America (one species, ''Icius pallidulus'' is endemic of Micronesia). Species As of November 2021, the World Spider Catalog lists the following species in the genus: * '' Icius abnormis'' Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan *'' Icius alboterminus'' (Caleb, 2014) – India, Nepal *'' Icius bamboo'' Cao & Li, 2016 – China *'' Icius bilobus'' Yang & Tang, 1996 – China * '' Icius brunellii'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia * '' Icius cervinus'' Simon, 1878 – Russia * '' Icius congener'' Simon, 1871 – Western Mediterranean * '' Icius crassipes'' Simon, 1868 – Spain, Algeria, Tunis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliophaninae
Chrysillini is a tribe of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. In Maddison's 2015 revision of the family, the subfamily Heliophaninae was reclassified as a junior synonym of Chrysillini. Genera * '' Afraflacilla'' * '' Augustaea'' * '' Chrysilla'' * '' Cosmophasis'' * '' Echinussa'' * '' Epocilla'' * ''Festucula'' * ''Hakka'' * ''Helicius'' * '' Heliophanillus'' * ''Heliophanus'' * '' Helvetia'' * '' Icius'' * '' Kupiuka'' * ''Marchena'' * '' Matagaia'' * ''Menemerus'' * ''Mexcala'' * ''Natta'' * '' Ogdenia'' * '' Orsima'' * '' Paraheliophanus'' * '' Phintella'' * '' Plesiopiuka'' * '' Siler'' * '' Tasa'' * '' Theriella'' * ''Wesolowskana'' * ''Yepoella ''Yepoella'' is a monotypic taxon, monotypic genus of Argentinian Salticidae, jumping spiders containing the single species, ''Yepoella crassistyli''. It was first described by María Elena Galiano in 1970, and is found in Argentina. A second spec ...'' References Salticidae Spider tribes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinneret
A spinneret is a silk-spinning organ of a spider or the larva of an insect. Some adult insects also have spinnerets, such as those borne on the forelegs of Embioptera. Spinnerets are usually on the underside of a spider's opisthosoma, and are typically segmented. While most spiders have six spinnerets, some have two, four, or eight. They can move both independently and in concert. Most spinnerets are not simple structures with a single orifice producing a single thread, but complex structures of many microscopic spigots, each producing one filament. This produces the necessary orientation of the protein molecules, without which the silk would be weak and useless. Spigots can be singular or found in groups, which also permits spiders to combine multiple filaments in different ways to produce many kinds of silk for various purposes. Spinneret morphology can help arachnologists identify the taxon of a specimen and the specific morphology of a spigot can determine its use as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sternum (arthropod Anatomy)
The sternum (pl. "sterna") is the ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen. In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the subunits are called sternites, and may also be modified on the terminal abdominal segments so as to form part of the functional genitalia, in which case they are frequently reduced in size and development, and may become internalized and/or membranous. For a detailed explanation of the terminology, see Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods.Sørensen, M. V. et al. Phylogeny of Kinorhyncha based on morphology and two molecular loci. PLoS One 10, 1–33 (2015). Ventrites are externally visible sternites. Usually the first sternite is covered up, so that vertrite numbers do not correspond to sternid numbers. The term is also used in other arthropod groups such as crustaceans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxilla (arthropod Mouthpart)
In arthropods, the maxillae (singular maxilla) are paired structures present on the head as mouthparts in members of the clade Mandibulata, used for tasting and manipulating food. Embryologically, the maxillae are derived from the 4th and 5th segment of the head and the maxillary palps; segmented appendages extending from the base of the maxilla represent the former leg of those respective segments. In most cases, two pairs of maxillae are present and in different arthropod groups the two pairs of maxillae have been variously modified. In crustaceans, the first pair are called maxillulae (singular maxillula). Modified coxae at the base of the pedipalps in spiders are also called "maxillae", although they are not homologous with mandibulate maxillae. Myriapoda Millipedes In millipedes, the second maxillae have been lost, reducing the mouthparts to only the first maxillae which have fused together to form a gnathochilarium, acting as a lower lip to the buccal cavity and the man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unidentate
In coordination chemistry, denticity () refers to the number of donor groups in a given ligand that bind to the central metal atom in a coordination complex. In many cases, only one atom in the ligand binds to the metal, so the denticity equals one, and the ligand is said to be monodentate (sometimes called unidentate). Ligands with more than one bonded atom are called polydentate or multidentate. The denticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter κ ('kappa'). For example, κ6- EDTA describes an EDTA ligand that coordinates through 6 non-contiguous atoms. Denticity is different from hapticity because hapticity refers exclusively to ligands where the coordinating atoms are contiguous. In these cases the η ('eta') notation is used. Bridging ligands use the μ ('mu') notation. Classes Polydentate ligands are chelating agents and classified by their denticity. Some atoms cannot form the maximum possible number of bonds a ligand could make. In that case one or m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clypeus (arthropod Anatomy)
The clypeus is one of the sclerites that make up the face of an arthropod. In insects, the clypeus delimits the lower margin of the face, with the labrum articulated along the ventral margin of the clypeus. The mandibles bracket the labrum, but do not touch the clypeus. The dorsal margin of the clypeus is below the antennal sockets. The clypeus is often well-defined by sulci ("grooves") along its lateral and dorsal margins, and is most commonly rectangular or trapezoidal in overall shape. The post-clypeus is a large nose-like structure that lies between the eyes and makes up much of the front of the head in cicadas. In spiders, the clypeus is generally the area between the anterior edge of the carapace A carapace is a Dorsum (biology), dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tor ... and the anterior eyes. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spider Vision
The eyes of spiders vary significantly in their structure, arrangement, and function. They usually have eight, each being a simple eye with a single lens (optics), lens rather than multiple units as in the compound eyes of insects. The specific arrangement and structure of the eyes is one of the features used in the identification and classification of different species, genera, and families. Most Haplogynae, haplogynes have six eyes, although some have eight (Plectreuridae), four (e.g., ''Tetrablemma'') or even two (most Caponiidae). In some cave species, there are no eyes at all (e.g. Stalita taenaria). Sometimes one pair of eyes is better developed than the rest. Several families of hunting spiders, such as jumping spiders and wolf spiders, have fair to excellent vision. The main pair of eyes in jumping spiders even sees in colour. Structure and anatomy Spiders' eyes are Simple eye in invertebrates, simple eyes, or ''ocelli'' (singular ''ocellus''), meaning their eyes have a si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjuga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Prószyński
Jerzy Prószyński (born 1935 in Warsaw) is a Polish arachnologist specializing in systematics of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). He is a graduate of the University of Warsaw, a long-term employee of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities and the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Biography In 1957 he completed his biological studies at the University of Warsaw. During his studies he was employed at the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, where he conducted research on spiders in the Kampinos Forest. Between 1963 and 1967 he lectured on zoology at the University of Ghana. In 1966 he obtained his Ph.D. at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. A year later he was given the opportunity to pursue a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard University, but he was refused a passport. In 1972 he was employed at the Higher School of Education in Siedlce (later the Siedlce University of Natural Scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have taken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salticoida
Salticoida is an unranked clade of the jumping spider family Salticidae. It is the larger and more widespread of the two subdivisions of the "typical" jumping spiders (subfamily Salticinae), occurring effectively world-wide. Its sister clade is Amycoida, which is also very diverse ecologically but has a mostly South American distribution. Systematics and evolution Salticoida includes the bulk of extant jumping spider diversity, with over 400 genera organized phylogenetically into 18 tribes according to Wayne Maddison's 2015 proposal. The age and origin of the Salticoida are not well determined. Certainly, by the late Paleogene the major lineages were recognizably distinct as indicated by the fossil evidence and molecular phylogeny. Thus, the salticoids presumably originated during or around the PETM or a bit earlier, but no corresponding fossils have been found yet. Their sister lineage, the Amycoida, probably originated by dispersal across the ocean to South America, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
