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Humboldtianidae
Humboldtianidae is an American family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Anatomy The anatomy of this family is defined by the presence of a diverticulum and three to four dart apparatuses (the love dart is used in mating behaviour). They always have the same number of dart sacs and mucus glands, with two darts per dart sac. The mucus glands are situated on, and open into, the vagina, above the dart sac. Distribution This family of snails occurs in the United States and Mexico. Taxonomy The family Humboldtianidae is classified within the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonat .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humboldtiana Humboldtiana
''Humboldtiana'' is a genus of American air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Humboldtianinae. Anatomy Snails in this genus create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior. The scanning electron microscope images on the left show (above) the lateral view of the love dart of ''Humboldtiana nuevoleonis'', scale bar 500 μm (0.5 mm); and (below) a cross section of the dart, scale bar 50 μm. Species Species within the genus ''Humboldtiana'' include: * ''Humboldtiana agavophila'' Pratt, 1971Pratt W. L. (25 May 1971). "''Humboldtiana agavophila'', a New Helminthoglyptid Land Snail from the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Texas". ''The Southwestern Naturalist'' 15(4): 429-435JSTOR * ''Humboldtiana hoegiana'' * ''Humboldtiana nuevoleonis'' Pilsbry, 1927 * ''Humboldtiana ultima'' References Further reading * * Pilsbry H. A. (1948). "Inland Mollusks of Northern Mexico. I. The genera ''H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humboldtiana
''Humboldtiana'' is a genus of American air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Humboldtianinae. Anatomy Snails in this genus create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior. The scanning electron microscope images on the left show (above) the lateral view of the love dart of '' Humboldtiana nuevoleonis'', scale bar 500 μm (0.5 mm); and (below) a cross section of the dart, scale bar 50 μm. Species Species within the genus ''Humboldtiana'' include: * '' Humboldtiana agavophila'' Pratt, 1971Pratt W. L. (25 May 1971). "''Humboldtiana agavophila'', a New Helminthoglyptid Land Snail from the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Texas". '' The Southwestern Naturalist'' 15(4): 429-435JSTOR * '' Humboldtiana hoegiana'' * '' Humboldtiana nuevoleonis'' Pilsbry, 1927 * '' Humboldtiana ultima'' References Further reading * * Pilsbry H. A. (1948). "Inland Mollusks of Northern Mexico. I. The genera ''Humboldtiana'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humboldtiana Nuevoleonis Dart
''Humboldtiana'' is a genus of American air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Humboldtianinae. Anatomy Snails in this genus create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior. The scanning electron microscope images on the left show (above) the lateral view of the love dart of '' Humboldtiana nuevoleonis'', scale bar 500 μm (0.5 mm); and (below) a cross section of the dart, scale bar 50 μm. Species Species within the genus ''Humboldtiana'' include: * '' Humboldtiana agavophila'' Pratt, 1971Pratt W. L. (25 May 1971). "''Humboldtiana agavophila'', a New Helminthoglyptid Land Snail from the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Texas". '' The Southwestern Naturalist'' 15(4): 429-435JSTOR * '' Humboldtiana hoegiana'' * '' Humboldtiana nuevoleonis'' Pilsbry, 1927 * '' Humboldtiana ultima'' References Further reading * * Pilsbry H. A. (1948). "Inland Mollusks of Northern Mexico. I. The genera ''Humboldtiana'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Love Dart
A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These darts are made in sexually mature animals only, and are used as part of the sequence of events during courtship, before actual mating takes place. Darts are quite large compared to the size of the animal: in the case of the semi-slug genus ''Parmarion'', the length of a dart can be up to one fifth that of the semi-slug's foot. The process of using love darts in snails is a form of sexual selection. Prior to copulation, each of the two snails (or slugs) attempts to "shoot" one (or more) darts into the other snail (or slug). There is no organ to receive the dart; this action is more analogous to stabbing, or to being shot with an arrow or flechette. The dart does not fly through the air to reach its target, but is "fired" as a contact shot. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humboldtiana Nuevoleonis
''Humboldtiana nuevoleonis'' is a species of American air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Humboldtianidae. Anatomy Snails in this species create and use love darts A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These ... as part of their mating behavior. References * Mentioned a Humboldtianidae Gastropods described in 1927 {{Heterobranchia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helicoidea
Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005. * Helicidae * Bradybaenidae * Camaenidae * Cepolidae * Cochlicellidae * Elonidae * Epiphragmophoridae * Halolimnohelicidae * Helicodontidae * Helminthoglyptidae * Humboldtianidae * Hygromiidae * Monadeniidae * Pleurodontidae * Polygyridae * Sphincterochilidae * Thysanophoridae * Trissexodontidae * Xanthonychidae According to H. Nordsieck the family ''Xanthonychidae'' (sensu Hausdorf & Bouchet) is probably polyphyletic (contains several different lineages) and therefore should be divided into several families. 2012 taxonomy Thompson & Naranjo-García (2012) described a new family Echinichidae and placed it to the superfamily Xanthonychoidea.Thompson F. G. & Naranjo-García E. (2012 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families. The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger ''et al.'', dating from 2010. Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous Period to the present. Pulmonates have a single atrium and kidney, and a concentrated, symmetrical, nervous system. The mantle cavity is located on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic, and some groups possess love darts. Linnean taxonomy The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eupulmonata
Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990 **Infraorder Acteophila Dall, 1885 (= formerly Archaeopulmonata) ***Superfamily Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851 **Infraorder Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975 ***Superfamily Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959 **Infraorder Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails) ***Subinfraorder Orthurethra ****Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873 ****Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900 ****Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900 ****Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831 ***Subinfraorder Sigmurethra ****Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895 ****Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840 ****Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960 ****Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840 ****Superfamily Buliminoidea Cle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigmurethra
Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and retractile tentacles. Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love darts. Sigmurethra are known from the Cretaceous to the Recent periods. Taxonomy 2005 Taxonomy In the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, Sigmurethra is an "Informal Group", a subsection of the Stylommatophora.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. 2005. ''Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families''. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. . . 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278 It consists of the following families: *Superfami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy Of The Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised in 2005 by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is a system for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks. (Gastropods are a taxonomic class of animals which consists of snails and slugs of every kind, from the land, from freshwater, and from saltwater.) The paper setting out this taxonomy was published in the journal ''Malacologia''. The system encompasses both living and extinct groups, as well as some fossils whose classification as gastropods is uncertain. The Bouchet & Rocroi system was the first complete gastropod taxonomy that primarily employed the concept of clades, and was derived from research on molecular phylogenetics; in this context a clade is a "natural grouping" of organisms based upon a statistical cluster analysis. In contrast, most of the previous overall taxonomic schemes for gastropods relied on morphological features to classify these animals, and used taxon ranks such as order, superorder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreades (gastropod)
In Greek mythology, an Oread (; grc, Ὀρειάς, Oreiás, stem grc, Ὀρειάδ-, Oreiád-, label=none, la, Oreas/Oread-, from grc, ὄρος, , mountain, label=none; french: Oréade) or Orestiad (; grc, Ὀρεστιάδες, Orestiádes, label=none) is a mountain nymph. Oreads differ from each other according to their dwelling: the Idaeae were from Mount Ida, Peliades from Mount Pelion, etc. Myths associated the Oreads with Artemis, since the goddess, when she went out hunting, preferred mountains and rocky precipices. The generic term "oread" itself appears to be Hellenistic (first attested in the ''Epitaph of Adonis'' ( gr , Ἐπιτάφιος Ἀδώνιδος) of Bion of Smyrna, ) and thus post-Classical.Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'' ''s.v.'text at Perseus project/ref> List of Oreads The number of Oreads includes but is not limited to: Honours * Oread Institute, a former women's college in Worcester, Massachusetts ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
