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Hocabá-Homún
Hocabá-Homún, Hokabá-Homún or Hocabá was the name of a Maya Kuchkabal of the northwestern Yucatán Peninsula, before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the sixteenth century. Etymology The name Hocabá-Homún is derived from the name of the two main cities of the country, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the two cities were joined into one urban area. Hocabá (''Hó'kabá'' in Yucatec) means five (''Hó'') earth to water (''kab''). History Pre-Independence ''See also Toltec Empire'' ''See also League of Mayapan'' During the ninth century, the Maya civilization went into decline from overpopulation as part of the Maya collapse, The Yucatán Peninsula was divided into several different polities. Around 930 Ce Acatl Topiltzin, Tlatoani of the Toltec Empire conquered Yucatán. Toltec control over the area only lasted forty or fifty years. Around 970 Toltec power began to wane and the peninsula was separated into city states again. In 987 Ah Mekat Tutul Xiu, r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuchkabal
A ''kuchkabal'' ( , ''kuchkabalo'ob'', 'province'), also known as an ''ah kuch-kab'' or ''ah cuch-cab'', was a system of social and political organisation common to Maya polities of the Maya Lowlands, in the Yucatán Peninsula, during the Mesoamerican Postclassic. There were somewhere between 16 and 24 ''kuchkabalo'ob'' in the 16th century. ''Kuchkabal'' may also refer to a ruling family. Extent The ''kuchkabalo'ob'' were located in Maya Lowlands of the Yucatán Peninsula, bounded by a northwest-to-southeast trending crescent, stretching along the base of the Peninsula, from the Bay of Campeche to the Bay of Honduras. To the west, the ''kuchkabalo'ob'' bordered settlements of Chontal, Nahuatl, and Zoque speakers in eastern Tabasco, eastern Chiapas, and western Campeche (beyond Laguna de Terminos). To the southwest and south, they bordered settlements of Chol speakers in western Peten, northern Alta Verapaz, northern Izabal, northern Copan, northern Santa Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesoamerican Chronology
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Preclassic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present). The periodisation of Mesoamerica by researchers is based on archaeological, ethnohistorical, and modern cultural anthropology research dating to the early twentieth century. Archaeologists, ethnohistorians, historians, and cultural anthropologists continue to work to develop cultural histories of the region. Overview Paleo-Indian period 10,000–3500 BCE The Paleo-Indian (less frequently, '' Lithic'') period or era is that which spans from the first signs of human presence in the region, to the establishment of agricu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puuc
Puuc is the name of either a region in the Mexican state of Yucatán or a Maya architectural style prevalent in that region. The word ''puuc'' is derived from the Maya term for "hill". Since the Yucatán is relatively flat, this term was extended to encompass the large karstic range of hills in the southern portion of the state, hence, the terms Puuc region or Puuc hills. The Puuc hills extend into northern Campeche and western Quintana Roo. The term Puuc is also used to designate the architectural style of ancient Maya sites located within the Puuc hills, hence, the term Puuc architecture. This architectural style began at the end of the Late Classic period but experienced its greatest extent during the Terminal Classic period. Puuc architecture In the florescence of Puuc architecture (such as at the ancient Maya site of Uxmal) buildings were decorated with carefully cut veneer stones set into a concrete core. The lower portion of the façades are blank with a flat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ah Kin Chel
Ah Kin Chel was the name of a Maya chiefdom or Kuchkabal of the northern Yucatán Peninsula, before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century. Ah Kin Chel was founded with the capital at Tecoh in 1441 by Mo-Chel when the League of Mayapan collapsed and was divided into seventeen nations. History Before Mo-Chel In the mid 9th century, Maya civilization began to collapse. In the early 10th century, Yucatan was divided into many different polities. At this time Ce Acatl Topiltzin Tlatoani of the Toltec Empire conquered the Yucatan Peninsula. Toltec control however did not last long. In 987 Ah Mekat Tutul Xiu united the cities of Uxmal, Mayapan, and Chichen Itza to form the League of Mayapan. The League was a confederation of Maya polities, which promised peace, and many cities joined it. Most places joined of their own free will, Izamal was the fifth city to join, but Tecoh was conquered by K'ak'upakal one of the four k’ul kokom (rulers) of Chichen Itza, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calotmul
Calotmul is a town and the municipal seat of the Calotmul Municipality, Yucatán in Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema .... As of 2010, the town has a population of 2,764. Demographics References Populated places in Yucatán Municipality seats in Yucatán {{México-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sotuta
Sotuta is a small town and municipality of the Mexican state of Yucatán, and also was the name of a Mayan chiefdom of the northern central Yucatán Peninsula, before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the sixteenth century. See also * Ah Kin Chel * Ah Canul * Ceh Pech * Chakan * Chetumal Chetumal (, , ; yua, label= Yucatec Maya, Chactemàal , ) is a city on the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. It is the capital of the state of Quintana Roo and the municipal seat of the Municipality of Othón P. Blanco. In 2020 ... References Mayan chiefdoms of the Yucatán Peninsula Populated places in Yucatán {{Mexico-hist-stub es:Sotuta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligarchy
Oligarchy (; ) is a conceptual form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth, education, or corporate, religious, political, or military control. Throughout history, power structures considered to be oligarchies have often been viewed as tyrannical, relying on public obedience or oppression to exist. Aristotle pioneered the use of the term as meaning rule by the rich, for which another term commonly used today is plutocracy. In the early 20th century Robert Michels developed the theory that democracies, like all large organizations, tend to turn into oligarchies. In his "Iron law of oligarchy" he suggests that the necessary division of labor in large organizations leads to the establishment of a ruling class mostly concerned with protecting their own power. Minority rule The exclusive consolidation of power by a dominant religious or e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchies
A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutional monarchy), to fully autocratic (absolute monarchy), and can expand across the domains of the executive, legislative, and judicial. The succession of monarchs in many cases has been hereditical, often building dynastic periods. However, elective and self-proclaimed monarchies have also happened. Aristocrats, though not inherent to monarchies, often serve as the pool of persons to draw the monarch from and fill the constituting institutions (e.g. diet and court), giving many monarchies oligarchic elements. Monarchs can carry various titles such as emperor, empress, king, queen, raja, khan, tsar, sultan, shah, or pharaoh. Monarchies can form federations, personal unions and realms with vassals through personal association with the monarch, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honduras
Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea. Its capital and largest city is Tegucigalpa. Honduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya, before the Spanish Colonization in the sixteenth century. The Spanish introduced Catholicism and the now predominant Spanish language, along with numerous customs that have blended with the indigenous culture. Honduras became independent in 1821 and has since been a republic, although it has consistently endured much social strife and political instability, and remains one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1960, the northern part of what was the Mosquito Coast was transferred from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tutul-Xiu
Tutul-Xiu, also Tutul Xiues or Mani, was the name of a Mayan chiefdom of the central Yucatán Peninsula with capital in Maní, before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the sixteenth century. Earlier history In later accounts the Cocum family are stated to have founded Mayapan in the Yucatán Peninsula. However earlier accounts state that the earliest rulers were the Xiu. They held dominance in the settlement for the first century of its existence (c. 1180-1280). This period is marked by an increasing number of stelae being dedicated to mark the end of k'atun periods, perhaps inspired by practices in the city of Uxmal. During this time Mayapan worked cooperatively with Uxmal and also Chichen Itza, which by this point had entered its decline. The Xiu gradually lost control of Mayapan, which was in the hands of the Cocom and their Canul mercenaries by 1300. In c. 1400 the Cocom expelled a large number of Xiu from the settlement. However the Xiu plotted revenge an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kʼakʼupakal
Kʼakʼupakal, or possibly Kʼakʼupakal Kʼawiil ( fl. c. 869–890) was a ruler or high-ranking officeholder at the pre-Columbian Maya site of Chichen Itza, during the latter half of the 9th century CE. The name of this ruler, alternatively written Kʼahkʼupakal, Kʼakʼ Upakal or Kʼakʼ-u-pakal, is the most widely mentioned personal name in the surviving Maya inscriptions at Chichen Itza,Voss & Kremer (2000, p.13) and also appears on monumental inscriptions at other Yucatán Peninsula sites such as Uxmal Uxmal (Yucatec Maya: ''Óoxmáal'' ) is an ancient Maya city of the classical period located in present-day Mexico. It is considered one of the most important archaeological sites of Maya culture, along with Palenque, Chichen Itza and Calakmul .... Notes References * Chichen Itza Maya monarchs Year of birth uncertain {{mesoamerica-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tecoh
Tecoh is a town and the municipal seat of the Tecoh Municipality, Yucatán in Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema .... References Populated places in Yucatán {{Yucatán-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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