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Hasinai
The Hasinai Confederacy (Caddo: ) was a large confederation of Caddo-speaking Native Americans who occupied territory between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas. Today, their descendants are enrolled in the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma and the Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana. Name The name ''Hasinai'' (with the variants ''Hasini'', ''Asenai'', ''Asinai'', ''Assoni'', ''Asenay'', ''Cenis'', ''Senis'', and ''Sannaye'') means "our own people" in Caddoan. The Spanish knew the Hasinai as the ''Tejas'' or ''Texas'', from a form of greeting meaning "friend", which gave the state of Texas its name. Government When the Spanish and the French encountered the Hasinai in the 1680s, they were a centrally organized chiefdom under the control of a religious leader, known as the Grand Xinesi. He lived in a secluded house and met with a council of elders. The chieftainship consisted of several subdivisions, which have been designated "cantonments". Each was under the control of a Cadd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caddo Nation Of Oklahoma
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They speak the Caddo language. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now East Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas. In 1859, they were removed to Indian Territory. Government and civic institutions The Caddo Nation of Oklahoma was previously known as the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma. The tribal constitution provides for election of an eight-person council, with a chairperson. Some 6,000 people are enrolled in the nation, with 3,044 living within the state of Oklahoma. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caddo People
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They speak the Caddo language. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now East Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas. In 1859, they were removed to Indian Territory. Government and civic institutions The Caddo Nation of Oklahoma was previously known as the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma. The tribal constitution provides for election of an eight-person council, with a chairperson. Some 6,000 people are enrolled in the nation, with 3,044 living within the state of Oklahoma. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nacogdoche
The Nacogdoche (Caddo: Nakúʔkidáawtsiʔ) are a Native American tribe from eastern Texas.Sturtevant, 617 History The Nacogdoche were part of the Hasinai branch of the Caddo Confederacy and closely allied with the Lower Nasoni. They historically lived between the Angelina and the Sabine Rivers in Texas. The Gentleman of Elvas, a member of Hernando de Soto's 1541 expedition, wrote about the tribe, as did Francisco de Jesus Maria in 1691.Nacogdoche Indian Tribe History. ''Access Genealogy.'' (retrieved 12 Sept 2009) In 1716, Franciscan friars accompanying Spanish explorer Domingo Ramón founded the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caddo Language
Caddo is a Native American language, the traditional language of the Caddo Nation. It is critically endangered, with no exclusively Caddo-speaking community and only 25 speakers as of 1997 who acquired the language as children outside school instruction. Caddo has several mutually intelligible dialects. The most commonly used dialects are Hasinai and Hainai; others include Kadohadacho, Natchitoches and Yatasi. Linguistic connections Caddo is linguistically related to the members of the Northern Caddoan language family; these include the Pawnee-Kitsai (Keechi) languages (Arikara, Kitsai, and Pawnee) and the Wichita language. Kitsai and Wichita are now extinct, and Pawnee and Arikara each have fewer surviving speakers than Caddo does.Native Languages of the Americas, 2011 Another language, Adai, is postulated to have been a Caddoan language while it was extant, but because of scarce resources and the language's extinct status, this connection is not conclusive, and Adai is gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasinai Language
Caddo is a Native American language, the traditional language of the Caddo Nation. It is critically endangered, with no exclusively Caddo-speaking community and only 25 speakers as of 1997 who acquired the language as children outside school instruction. Caddo has several mutually intelligible dialects. The most commonly used dialects are Hasinai and Hainai; others include Kadohadacho, Natchitoches and Yatasi. Linguistic connections Caddo is linguistically related to the members of the Northern Caddoan language family; these include the Pawnee-Kitsai (Keechi) languages (Arikara, Kitsai, and Pawnee) and the Wichita language. Kitsai and Wichita are now extinct, and Pawnee and Arikara each have fewer surviving speakers than Caddo does.Native Languages of the Americas, 2011 Another language, Adai, is postulated to have been a Caddoan language while it was extant, but because of scarce resources and the language's extinct status, this connection is not conclusive, and Adai is gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabiti
The Nabiti are a Native American tribe from eastern Texas.Sturtevant, 617 Their name means "Cedar Place" in the Caddo language.Sturtevant, 629 History The Nadaco were part of the Hasinai branch of the Caddo Confederacy,Sturtevant, 616 although early European explorers identified the Nabiti as enemies of the Hasinai – a testament to the shifting alliances on the South Plains. They lived in settled villages on the banks of the Angelina River. Spanish priest Fray Casañas wrote about the Nabiti in 1691. He described them as being one of nine Hasinai tribes and that their territory sat between that of the "Cacháe" ( Cacachau) and the "Nasayaha" (Nasoni).Bolton, 33-34 Today, Nabiti people are enrolled in the Caddo Nation, headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma Binger is a town in Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 672 at the 2010 census. It is the headquarters of the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, who were settled in the area during the 1870s. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nechaui
The Nechaui were a Native American tribe from eastern Texas. Their name is thought to be derived from Nachawi, the Caddo language word for Osage orange.Nechaui Indians. ''Handbook of Texas Online.'' (retrieved 9 Sept 2009) History The Nechaui were part of the branch of the . During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, their principal village was located on the , in present-day |
Neche Tribe
The Neche were a Native American tribe from eastern Texas.Sturtevant, 617 History The Neche were part of the Hasinai branch of the Caddo Confederacy. During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they settled along the Neches River, in present day Houston and Cherokee Counties.Neche Indians. ''Handbook of Texas Online.'' (retrieved 14 Sept 2009) Their lands were directly northwest of the tribe. In 1779 Spanish explorer Athanase de Mezieres Mezières recorded seeing several in Neches territory. He wrote that the mounds were created by the local Indians, "in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadohadacho
The Kadohadacho ( Caddo: Kadawdáachuh) are a Native American tribe within the Caddo Confederacy. Today they are enrolled in the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma. History The Kadohadacho traditionally lived at the borders of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. They cultivated crops, such as corn, beans, squash, and pecans, and manufactured bows and pottery for trade.Meredith, Howard"Caddo (Kadohadacho)." ''Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.'' (retrieved 6 September 2009) Traveling parties of Kadohadacho encountered the Hernando De Soto expedition in 1541, but the Spaniards did not enter their territory. In 1687, the tribe welcomed the survivors of the La Salle expedition into their villages in Texas. From that point onward, the Kadohadacho maintained friendly relations with the French. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nacono People
The Nacono were a Native American tribe from eastern Texas. Today they are part of the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe in Oklahoma. History The Nacono were part of the Hasinai branch of the Caddo Confederacy.Sturtevant 616 They historically lived in villages along the Neches and Angelina Rivers, near present-day Cherokee and Houston Counties. Their environment includes mixed woodlands and savannas.Early 123 Early 18th century Spanish explorer Domingo Ramon recorded his observations of the Nocono in his 1716 Diary. He observed that the tribe lived near the San Francisco de los Neches Mission.Campbell, Thomas NNacono Indians.''Handbook of Texas Online.'' (retrieved 6 Sept 2009) Another Spanish explorer, Juan Antonio de la Pena wrote in 1721 that the Nacono village, that he called El Macono, was located five leagues below the Neches crossing. Together with 11 to 30 historical communities, including the Nadaco, the Hainai, and the Nacogdoche, the Nacono forme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadaco
The Nadaco, also commonly known as the Anadarko, are a Native American tribe from eastern Texas. Their name, Nadá-kuh, means "bumblebee place."Sturtevant, 630 History The Nadaco were part of the trive branch of the Caddo Confederacy and occupied territory in present-day east Texas.Sturtevant, 616 Spanish explorers encountered the tribe in 1542 in east Texas. Around 1700, the tribe joined the Hasinai but kept their distinct identity and culture.May, Jon DAnadarko.''Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.'' (retrieved 6 Sept 2009) In 1716, Spanish monks founded the San José Mission to serve the Nadaco and the Nasoni tribes. By 1787, they lived in villages along the northern part of Panola County, Texas.The Nadaco. '' |
Nabedache
The Nabedache were a Native American tribe from eastern Texas.Sturtevant, 617 Their name, Nabáydácu, means "blackberry place" in the Caddo language.Sturtevant, 629 An alternate theory says their original name was Wawadishe from the Caddo word, , meaning "salt."Nabedache Indian Tribe. ''Access Genealogy.'' (retrieved 11 Sept 2009) History The Nabedache was the western branch of the branch of the . Their traditional territory was located between the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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