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Haploviricotina
''Haploviricotina'' is a subphylum of viruses in the phylum ''Negarnaviricota''. It is one of only two virus subphyla, the other being ''Polyploviricotina'', which is also in ''Negarnaviricota''. The name comes from , the Ancient Greek for 'simple', along with the suffix for a virus subphylum; 'viricotina'. Taxonomy The subphylum ''Haploviricotina'' is composed of 4 classes and 5 orders: * '' Chunqiuviricetes'' ** '' Muvirales'' * '' Milneviricetes'' ** '' Serpentovirales'' * '' Monjiviricetes'' ** '' Jingchuvirales'' ** ''Mononegavirales ''Mononegavirales'' is an order of negative-strand RNA viruses which have nonsegmented genomes. Some common members of the order are Ebola virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, mumps virus, Nipah virus, and rabies virus. A ...'' * '' Yunchangviricetes'' ** '' Goujianvirales'' References Negarnaviricota Virus subphyla {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negarnaviricota
Negative-strand RNA viruses (−ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. They have genomes that act as complementary strands from which messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized by the viral enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). During replication of the viral genome, RdRp synthesizes a positive-sense antigenome that it uses as a template to create genomic negative-sense RNA. Negative-strand RNA viruses also share a number of other characteristics: most contain a viral envelope that surrounds the capsid, which encases the viral genome, −ssRNA virus genomes are usually linear, and it is common for their genome to be segmented. Negative-strand RNA viruses constitute the phylum ''Negarnaviricota'', in the kingdom ''Orthornavirae'' and realm ''Riboviria''. They are descended from a common ancestor that was a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, and they are considered to be a sister clade of reoviruses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyploviricotina
''Polyploviricotina'' is a subphylum of viruses in the phylum ''Negarnaviricota''. It is one of only two virus subphyla, the other being '' Haploviricotina'', which is also in ''Negarnaviricota''. The name comes from , the Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ... for 'complex', along with the suffix for a virus subphylum; 'viricotina'. References External links Invasion of the Body Snatchers: Viruses Can Steal Our Genetic Code to Create New Human-Virus Genes on: SciTechDaily, Source: Mount Sinai School of Medicine; August 9, 2020 * Jessica Sook Yuin Ho, Matthew Angel, Yixuan Ma, Jonathan W. Yewdell, Edward Hutchinson, Ivan Marazzi, ''et al.''Hybrid Gene Origination Creates Human-Virus Chimeric Proteins during Infection in: Cell Volume 181, Issue 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
''Indiana vesiculovirus'', formerly ''Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus'' (VSIV or VSV) is a virus in the family ''Rhabdoviridae''; the well-known ''Rabies lyssavirus'' belongs to the same family. VSIV can infect insects, cattle, horses and pigs. It has particular importance to farmers in certain regions of the world where it infects cattle. This is because its clinical presentation is identical to the very important foot and mouth disease virus. reviewed and published by WikiVet, accessed 12 October 2011. The virus is zoonotic and leads to a flu-like illness in infected humans. It is also a common laboratory virus used to study the properties of viruses in the family ''Rhabdoviridae'', as well as to study viral evolution. Properties ''Indiana vesiculovirus'' is the prototypic member of the genus ''Vesiculovirus'' of the family ''Rhabdoviridae''. VSIV is an arbovirus, and its replication occurs in the cytoplasm. Natural VSIV infections encompass two steps, cytolytic infections ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mononegavirales
''Mononegavirales'' is an order of negative-strand RNA viruses which have nonsegmented genomes. Some common members of the order are Ebola virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, mumps virus, Nipah virus, and rabies virus. All of these viruses cause significant disease in humans. Many other important pathogens of nonhuman animals and plants are also in the group. The order includes eleven virus families: ''Artoviridae'', ''Bornaviridae'', '' Filoviridae'', ''Lispiviridae'', ''Mymonaviridae'', ''Nyamiviridae'', '' Paramyxoviridae'', '' Pneumoviridae'', ''Rhabdoviridae'', ''Sunviridae'', and ''Xinmoviridae''. Use of term The order ''Mononegavirales'' (pronounced: ) According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name ''Mononegavirales'' is always to be capitalized, italicized, and never abbreviated. The names of the order's physical members ("mononegaviruses" or "mononegavirads") are to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. Among other things, a taxonomy can be used to organize and index knowledge (stored as documents, articles, videos, etc.), such as in the form of a library classification system, or a search engine taxonomy, so that users can more easily find the information they are searching for. Many taxonomies are hierarchies (and thus, have an intrinsic tree structure), but not all are. Originally, taxonomy referred only to the categorisation of organisms or a particular categorisation of organisms. In a wider, more general sense, it may refer to a categorisation of things or concepts, as well as to the principles underlying such a categorisation. Taxonomy organizes taxonomic units known as "taxa" (singular "taxon")." Taxonomy is different from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subphylum
In zoological nomenclature, a subphylum is a taxonomic rank below the rank of phylum. The taxonomic rank of " subdivision" in fungi and plant taxonomy is equivalent to "subphylum" in zoological taxonomy. Some plant taxonomists have also used the rank of subphylum, for instance monocotyledons as a subphylum of phylum Angiospermae and vertebrates as a subphylum of phylum Chordata. Taxonomic rank Subphylum is: #subordinate to the phylum #superordinate to the infraphylum. Where convenient, subphyla in turn can be divided into infraphyla; in turn such an infraphylum also would be superordinate to any classes or superclasses in the hierarchy. Examples Not all fauna phyla are divided into subphyla. Those that are include: *Arthropoda: divided into subphyla Trilobitomorpha, Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Hexapoda and Crustacea, * Brachiopoda: divided into subphyla Linguliformea, Craniformea and Rhynchonelliformea, *Chordata: divided into Tunicata, Cephalochordata, and its largest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic mate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic period (), and the Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regarded as a separate historical stage, although its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek. There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek, of which Attic Greek developed into Koi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chunqiuviricetes
''Yingvirus'' is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses which infect invertebrates. Member viruses have bisegmented genomes. It is the only genus in the family ''Qinviridae'', which is the only family in ''Muvirales'', which is the only order in ''Chunqiuviricetes''. There are eight species in the genus. Etymology The name ''Yingvirus'' derives from (), the ancestral name of Duke Mù of Qín during the Spring and Autumn period, along with ''-virus'' the suffix for a virus genus. ''Qinviridae'' gets its name from (), meaning Qín State, added to ''-viridae'' the suffix for a virus family. ''Muvirales'' is from (), again for Duke Mù of Qín, along with ''-virales'' the suffix for a virus order. ''Chunqiuviricetes'' is from (), or Spring and Autumn period, attached to ''-viricetes'' the suffix for a virus class. Genome Yingviruses have linear, negative-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muvirales
''Yingvirus'' is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses which infect invertebrates. Member viruses have bisegmented genomes. It is the only genus in the family ''Qinviridae'', which is the only family in ''Muvirales'', which is the only order in ''Chunqiuviricetes''. There are eight species in the genus. Etymology The name ''Yingvirus'' derives from (), the ancestral name of Duke Mù of Qín during the Spring and Autumn period, along with ''-virus'' the suffix for a virus genus. ''Qinviridae'' gets its name from (), meaning Qín State, added to ''-viridae'' the suffix for a virus family. ''Muvirales'' is from (), again for Duke Mù of Qín, along with ''-virales'' the suffix for a virus order. ''Chunqiuviricetes'' is from (), or Spring and Autumn period, attached to ''-viricetes'' the suffix for a virus class. Genome Yingviruses have linear, negative-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milneviricetes
''Aspiviridae'', formerly ''Ophioviridae'', is a family of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses which infect plants. Member viruses are characterized by an elongated and highly filamentous and flexible nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. It is a monotypic taxon containing only one genus, ''Ophiovirus''. ''Aspiviridae'' is also the only family in the order ''Serpentovirales'', which in turn is the only order in the class ''Milneviricetes''. History The name ''Aspiviridae'' derives from the Latin (snake or viper), referring to the shape, along with the suffix for a virus family ''-viridae''. ''Ophiovirus'' derives from the Ancient Greek ''ophi''s, “snake”, with –''virus'' the suffix for a virus genus. Likewise, ''Serpentovirales'' is from "serpent" with ''-virales'' the suffix for a virus order. ''Milneviricetes'' is in honor of Robert G. Milne, the last author on the first paper describing ophioviruses. Virology Structure The protein capsid is non-enveloped a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serpentovirales
''Aspiviridae'', formerly ''Ophioviridae'', is a family of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses which infect plants. Member viruses are characterized by an elongated and highly filamentous and flexible nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. It is a monotypic taxon containing only one genus, ''Ophiovirus''. ''Aspiviridae'' is also the only family in the order ''Serpentovirales'', which in turn is the only order in the class ''Milneviricetes''. History The name ''Aspiviridae'' derives from the Latin (snake or viper), referring to the shape, along with the suffix for a virus family ''-viridae''. ''Ophiovirus'' derives from the Ancient Greek ''ophi''s, “snake”, with –''virus'' the suffix for a virus genus. Likewise, ''Serpentovirales'' is from "serpent" with ''-virales'' the suffix for a virus order. ''Milneviricetes'' is in honor of Robert G. Milne, the last author on the first paper describing ophioviruses. Virology Structure The protein capsid is non-enveloped a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
