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Hanstrassia
''Hanstrassia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species. ''Hanstrassia'' is characterised by a predominantly and thallus, distinguishing it from its close relative '' Elenkiniana''. Taxonomy ''Hanstrassia'' was circumscribed by lichenologist Sergey Kondratyuk in 2017, to contain what was then known as the ''Elenkiniana lenae'' species complex. It is a member of the '' Mikhtomia'' sensu lato clade of the subfamily Caloplacoideae, which also contains the genera '' Laundonia'', ''Opeltia'', and '' Oxneriopsis''. The genus name honours Estonian lichenologist Hans Trass. Description The thallus of ''Hanstrassia'' species are either saxicolous (growing on rocks) or terricolous (growing on soil). They are in form, with or slightly margins at times. The colour ranges from yellowish grey and pale yellow to ochre, orange, or brownish yellow. Often, these species have a whitish , or powdery coating, on their surface. The are relatively t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanstrassia Jaeseounhurii
''Hanstrassia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species. ''Hanstrassia'' is characterised by a predominantly and thallus, distinguishing it from its close relative '' Elenkiniana''. Taxonomy ''Hanstrassia'' was circumscribed by lichenologist Sergey Kondratyuk in 2017, to contain what was then known as the ''Elenkiniana lenae'' species complex. It is a member of the '' Mikhtomia'' sensu lato clade of the subfamily Caloplacoideae, which also contains the genera '' Laundonia'', ''Opeltia'', and '' Oxneriopsis''. The genus name honours Estonian lichenologist Hans Trass. Description The thallus of ''Hanstrassia'' species are either saxicolous (growing on rocks) or terricolous (growing on soil). They are in form, with or slightly margins at times. The colour ranges from yellowish grey and pale yellow to ochre, orange, or brownish yellow. Often, these species have a whitish , or powdery coating, on their surface. The are relatively t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanstrassia Lenae
''Hanstrassia lenae'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) in the family Teloschistaceae. Described as a new species in 2007, the lichen is found in Russian Far East, Mongolia, and Siberia. It closely resembles '' Elenkiniana ehrenbergii'' but distinguished by the presence of soralia (powdery reproductive propagules) on its thallus. This species has a thick, thallus with weak marginal and developed marginal, (lip-shaped) soralia. Taxonomy The lichen was named and formally described by Ulrik Søchting and Gemma Figueras in 2007, who initially classified it as a member of the genus ''Caloplaca''. The type specimen was collected by the first author near the Lena River in Yakutia, Russia, at an elevation of . The species epithet ''lenae'' refers to the river. This name was chosen through a public voting process during the Mushroom Festival in Copenhagen in 2005. Preliminary molecular phylogenetics studies indicated that ''C. lenae'' was positioned at the base of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teloschistaceae
The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family, estimated to contain over 1800 species, was extensively revised in 2013, including the creation or resurrection of 31 genera. It contains three subfamilies: Xanthorioideae, Caloplacoideae, and Teloschistoideae. A fourth subfamily, Brownlielloideae, proposed in 2015, has been shown to be part of the Teloschistoideae. Genera This is a list of the genera contained within the Teloschistaceae, based on a 2020 review and summary of ascomycete classification. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *'' Amundsenia'' – 2 spp. *'' Andina'' - 1 sp. *'' Apatoplaca'' – 1 sp. *'' Aridoplaca'' - 1 sp. *'' Athallia'' – 17 spp. *'' Austroplaca'' – 10 spp. *'' Blastenia'' – 11 spp. *'' Brownliella'' – 4 spp. *'' Bryoplaca'' – 3 spp. *'' Calogaya'' – 19 spp. *'' Calop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opeltia
''Opeltia'' is a genus of lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. Taxonomy The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 2017 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and László Sándor Lőkös, Laszlo Lőkös, with ''Opeltia neobaltistanica, O. neobaltistanica'' assigned as the type species. The genus name honours lichenologist Josef Poelt, "in recognition of his enormous contribution to lichenology". ''Opeltia'' occupies a distinct monophyletic branch within the ''Mikhtomia'' clade, a phylogenetically related group of taxon ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Depsidone
Depsidones (+ "depside" + "one") are chemical compounds that are sometimes found as secondary metabolites in lichens. They are esters that are both depsides and cyclic ethers. An example is norstictic acid Norstictic acid is a depsidone produced as a secondary metabolite Secondary metabolites, also called specialised metabolites, toxins, secondary products, or natural products, are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, fun .... References {{reflist Biochemistry Carboxylate esters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthraquinone
Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic organic compound with formula . Isomers include various quinone derivatives. The term anthraquinone however refers to the isomer, 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoanthracene) wherein the keto groups are located on the central ring. It is a building block of many dyes and is used in bleaching pulp for papermaking. It is a yellow, highly crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water but soluble in hot organic solvents. It is almost completely insoluble in ethanol near room temperature but 2.25 g will dissolve in 100 g of boiling ethanol. It is found in nature as the rare mineral hoelite. Synthesis There are several current industrial methods to produce 9,10-anthraquinone: # The oxidation of anthracene. Chromium(VI) is the typical oxidant. # The Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzene and phthalic anhydride in presence of AlCl3. o-Benzoylbenzoic acid is an intermediate. This reaction is useful for produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrometre
The micrometre ( international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-" = ); that is, one millionth of a metre (or one thousandth of a millimetre, , or about ). The nearest smaller common SI unit is the nanometre, equivalent to one thousandth of a micrometre, one millionth of a millimetre or one billionth of a metre (). The micrometre is a common unit of measurement for wavelengths of infrared radiation as well as sizes of biological cells and bacteria, and for grading wool by the diameter of the fibres. The width of a single human hair ranges from approximately 20 to . The longest human chromosome, chromosome 1, is approximately in length. Examples Between 1 μm and 10 μm: * 1–10 μm – length of a typical bacterium * 3–8 μm – width of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terricolous Lichen
A terricolous lichen is a lichen that grows on the soil as a substrate. An example is some members of the genus ''Peltigera ''Peltigera'' is a genus of approximately 100 species of foliose lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. Commonly known as the dog or pelt lichens, species of ''Peltigera'' are often terricolous (growing on soil), but can also occur on moss, trees, ...''. References Lichenology {{lichen-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apothecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 µm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. The S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
