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Hypoxylon Fragiforme
''Hypoxylon'' is a genus of ascomycetes commonly found on dead wood, and usually one of the earliest species to colonise dead wood. A common European species is ''Hypoxylon fragiforme'' which is particular common on dead trunks of beech. Based on morphological studies and gene sequence analyses, 27 species formerly assigned to ''Hypoxylon'' sect. ''Annulata'' were reassigned to a new genus called ''Annulohypoxylon'' in 2005. Research in Iran has shown the potential of some species of Hypoxylon in producing chemicals that are antagonistic against the disease Ash dieback. Use in the cultivation of ''Tremella fuciformis'' Some species in the genus ''Hypoxylon'' may be used in the cultivation of ''Tremella fuciformis'', one of the foremost medicinal and culinary fungi of China and Taiwan. ''Tremella fuciformis'' is a parasitic yeast that does not form an edible fruitbody without parasitizing another fungus. Its preferred host, formerly known as ''Hypoxylon archeri'', was moved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypoxylon Chrysalidosporum
''Hypoxylon'' is a genus of ascomycetes commonly found on dead wood, and usually one of the earliest species to colonise dead wood. A common European species is ''Hypoxylon fragiforme'' which is particular common on dead trunks of beech. Based on morphological studies and gene sequence analyses, 27 species formerly assigned to ''Hypoxylon'' sect. ''Annulata'' were reassigned to a new genus called ''Annulohypoxylon'' in 2005. Research in Iran has shown the potential of some species of Hypoxylon in producing chemicals that are antagonistic against the disease Ash dieback. Use in the cultivation of ''Tremella fuciformis'' Some species in the genus ''Hypoxylon'' may be used in the cultivation of ''Tremella fuciformis'', one of the foremost medicinal and culinary fungi of China and Taiwan. ''Tremella fuciformis'' is a parasitic yeast that does not form an edible fruitbody without parasitizing another fungus. Its preferred host, formerly known as ''Hypoxylon archeri'', was moved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypoxylon Fragiforme
''Hypoxylon'' is a genus of ascomycetes commonly found on dead wood, and usually one of the earliest species to colonise dead wood. A common European species is ''Hypoxylon fragiforme'' which is particular common on dead trunks of beech. Based on morphological studies and gene sequence analyses, 27 species formerly assigned to ''Hypoxylon'' sect. ''Annulata'' were reassigned to a new genus called ''Annulohypoxylon'' in 2005. Research in Iran has shown the potential of some species of Hypoxylon in producing chemicals that are antagonistic against the disease Ash dieback. Use in the cultivation of ''Tremella fuciformis'' Some species in the genus ''Hypoxylon'' may be used in the cultivation of ''Tremella fuciformis'', one of the foremost medicinal and culinary fungi of China and Taiwan. ''Tremella fuciformis'' is a parasitic yeast that does not form an edible fruitbody without parasitizing another fungus. Its preferred host, formerly known as ''Hypoxylon archeri'', was moved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella Fuciformis
''Tremella fuciformis'' is a species of fungus; it produces white, frond-like, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruiting bodies). It is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can be found on the dead branches of broadleaf trees. This fungus is commercially cultivated and is one of the most popular fungi in the cuisine and medicine of China. ''Tremella fuciformis'' is commonly known as snow fungus, snow ear, silver ear fungus, white jelly mushroom, and white cloud ears. ''Tremella fuciformis'' is a parasitic yeast, and grows as a slimy, mucus-like film until it encounters its preferred hosts, various species of '' Annulohypoxylon'' (or possibly ''Hypoxylon'') fungi, whereupon it then invades, triggering the aggressive mycelial growth required to form the fruiting bodies. Taxonomy and naming ''Tremella fuciformis'' was first described in 1856 by English mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley, based on collections made in Brazil by the botanist and explorer Richard Spruce. In 1939, Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectria Episphaeria
''Nectria'' is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. They are most often encountered as saprophytes on decaying wood but some species can also occur as parasites of trees, especially fruit trees (for example apple) and a number of other hardwood trees. Some species are significant pests causing diseases such as apple canker, Nectria twig blight, and coral spot in orchards. It is ubiquitous in cool temperate Europe and North America and appears to be an introduced species in New Zealand and Australia. The occurrence in New Zealand was first identified in 1996 in Otago and Southland although it is believed to have been present since the 1980s. In North America, ''Nectria'' infections have had economically important impacts on forestry and forest products including aspen, red oak, maple, beech, poplar, and birch. Species of ''Nectria'' also occur in warmer climates including island groups such as Hawaii. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the genus contains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annulohypoxylon Archeri
''Annulohypoxylon archeri'' (formerly ''Hypoxylon archeri'') is a saprophytic fungus species. It was moved from the genus '' Hypoxylon'' into the genus ''Annulohypoxylon'' erected in 2005 by Hsieh, Ju and Rogers. ''A. archeri'' is commonly used in the cultivation of ''Tremella fuciformis'' - one of the foremost medicinal and culinary fungi of China and Taiwan. ''Tremella fuciformis'' is a parasitic yeast that does not form an edible fruitbody without parasitizing another fungus. ''Annulohypoxylon archeri'' is its preferred host, so cultivators usually pair cultures of ''Tremella fuciformis'' with this species, or others in the former genus ''Hypoxylon'' (now spread into two genera – ''Hypoxylon'' and ''Annulohypoxylon''). See also * ''Annulohypoxylon'' * '' Hypoxylon'' * ''Tremella fuciformis ''Tremella fuciformis'' is a species of fungus; it produces white, frond-like, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruiting bodies). It is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are estimated to constitute 1% of all described fungal species. Yeasts are unicellular organisms that evolved from multicellular ancestors, with some species having the ability to develop multicellular characteristics by forming strings of connected budding cells known as pseudohyphae or false hyphae. Yeast sizes vary greatly, depending on species and environment, typically measuring 3–4 µm in diameter, although some yeasts can grow to 40 µm in size. Most yeasts reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by the asymmetric division process known as budding. With their single-celled growth habit, yeasts can be contrasted with molds, which grow hyphae. Fungal species that can take both forms (depending on temperature or other conditions) are ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitism
Parasitism is a Symbiosis, close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the Host (biology), host, causing it some harm, and is Adaptation, adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as Armillaria mellea, honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the Orobanchaceae, broomrapes. There are six major parasitic Behavioral ecology#Evolutionarily stable strategy, strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), wikt:trophic, trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), Disease vector, vector-transmitted paras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berkeley, California
Berkeley ( ) is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States. It is named after the 18th-century Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley. It borders the cities of Oakland and Emeryville to the south and the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington to the north. Its eastern border with Contra Costa County generally follows the ridge of the Berkeley Hills. The 2020 census recorded a population of 124,321. Berkeley is home to the oldest campus in the University of California System, the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is managed and operated by the university. It also has the Graduate Theological Union, one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world. Berkeley is considered one of the most socially progressive cities in the United States. History Indigenous history The site of today's City of Berkeley was the territo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ten Speed Press
Ten Speed Press is a publishing house founded in Berkeley, California in 1971 by Phil Wood. Ten Speed Press was bought by Random House in February 2009 and is now part of their Crown Publishing Group division. History Wood worked with Barnes & Noble in 1962, Penguin Books in 1965, and had a senior sales position at Penguin Books in Baltimore and New York before founding Ten Speed Press. Wood died of cancer in December 2010. Ten Speed's first book was ''Anybody’s Bike Book'', which is still in print. It inspired the publisher's name and has sold more than a million copies. Ten Speed's all-time best-seller is '' What Color is Your Parachute? A Practical Manual for Job-Hunters and Career-Changers'' by Richard N. Bolles (1972). It has been reissued in new editions and, as of 2009, has sold more than ten million copies, translated into 20 languages. Ten Speed has published numerous other non-fiction titles, including ''Moosewood Cookbook'', '' White Trash Cooking,'' '' Why Cats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ROC consist of 168 islands, with a combined area of . The main island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', has an area of , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. The capital, Taipei, forms along with New Taipei City and Keelung the largest metropolitan area of Taiwan. Other major cities include Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries in the world. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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