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Hypoptopomatinae
The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae, composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species. It has been divided into two tribes, Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini. However, in a 2005 analysis, Otothyrini was found to not be monophyletic, with its representatives comprising a paraphyletic group in relation to the tribe Hypoptopomatini. More recent phylogenetic evidence shows that Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini, while each are monophyletic tribes, do not form a monophyletic subfamily, and therefore should each be recognized as their own individual subfamilies. Problematically, the most recent hypoptopomatine genera, '' Gymnotocinclus'' and ''Rhinolekos'', were not classified in either of the tribes. Almost all species of Hypoptopomatinae have a diploid number of 2n = 54; this group is karyotypically very conserved. Hypoptopomatinae are distributed east o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parotocinclus
''Parotocinclus'' is a genus of fish in the family (biology), family Loricariidae native to South America. This genus is range (biology), distributed through almost all hydrographic systems in South America from the Guyana Shield drainages and Amazon Shield tributary, tributaries to the coastal drainages of eastern and southeastern Brazil, including the rio São Francisco basin. Most species have the caudal peduncle oval in cross section (geometry), cross section.Garavello, J.C. & Britski, H.A. (2003)''Parotocinclus planicauda'', a new species of the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae from Southeastern Brazil (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae).''Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63 (2): 253–260.'' It has been found that ''Characidium'' species may interact with ''P. maculicauda''. The small ''Characidium'' will follow grazing ''P. maculicauda'', which release particulate matter dislodged from the catfish's foraging.Leitão, R.P., Caramaschi, É.P. & Zuanon, J. (2007)Following food clouds: feeding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hisonotus
''Hisonotus'' is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. Species of ''Hisonotus'' and ''Curculionichthys'' are the only representatives of the subfamily Otothyrinae having serrae on the posterior edge of the pectoral fin spine. These species are small fishes, generally found in small fast flowing streams, where they grasp to the branches and leaves of aquatic or subaquatic plants. The species of this genus mostly occur in Atlantic coastal streams of southern Brazil and the Paraguay- Paraná system of southern South America. They are also distributed in the Río de La Plata basin and coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil. Taxonomy ''Hisonotus'' and '' Microlepidogaster'' have, until recently, been considered as synonymous, although they are now recognized as separate and valid taxa. In the most recent phylogenetic hypotheses, both ''Hisonotus'' and ''Parotocinclus'' are relatively basal taxa within the Otothyrini clade. Species There are currently 34 recognized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loricariidae
The Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with 92 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as " plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, ''Hypostomus plecostomus'', and are popular as aquarium fish. Common names Members of the family Loricariidae are commonly referred to as loricariids, suckermouth armoured catfishes, or armoured catfish. The name "plecostomus", and its shortened forms "pleco" and "plec", are used for many Loricariidae, since ''Plecostomus plecostomus'' (now called ''Hypostomus plecostomus'') was one of the first loricariid species imported for the fish-keeping hobby. Some loricariids are not normally considered "plecostomus", such as ''Farlowella'' catfish. In their native range, these fish are known as ''cascudos'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudotocinclus
''Pseudotocinclus'' is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * '' Pseudotocinclus juquiae'' Takako, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2005 * '' Pseudotocinclus parahybae'' Takako, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2005 * '' Pseudotocinclus tietensis'' ( Ihering ( pt), 1907) Distribution and habitat Species of ''Pseudotocinclus'' are found in the upper Tietê River basin in the ribeirão Grande, a tributary of the middle course of the rio Paraíba do Sul, Pindamonhangaba, in the headwaters of rio Itatinga, a coastal river of São Paulo, and in the upper and lower courses of the Juquiá River of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin, all rivers of São Paulo, Brazil. Like other members of the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae, ''Pseudotocinclus'' is primarily herbivorous and is more commonly found at or near the upper portion of the water column. It lives in close association with sub-surface structures provided by submerged tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otocinclus Cocama
''Otocinclus'' is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae native to South America, commonly known as "dwarf suckers" or "otos". This genus, like other loricariids, is characterized by rows of armour plating covering the body, as well as the underslung suckermouth. They are generally small in size; ''O. tapirape'' is the smallest of the species (2.4 cm), while ''O. flexilis'' is the biggest (5.5 cm). These species have adaptations that allow them to breathe air. A duct forms at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach and expands into an enlarged, ring-like diverticulum, characteristic of this genus, which allows air-breathing.Armbruster, J.W. (1998)Modifications of the Digestive Tract for Holding Air in Loricariid and Scoloplacid Catfishes.''Copeia, 1998 (3): 663–675.'' ''Otocinclus'' are popular aquarium fish, and they are often purchased as algae eaters. It is difficult to breed them in captivity, and only wild caught ''Otocinclus'' are available to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otothyrinae
Otothyrinae is a subfamily of South American catfishes of the family Loricariidae.Chiachio, M.C., Oliveira, C. & Montoya-Burgos, J.I. (2008): Molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored Neotropical catfishes Hypoptopomatinae and Neoplecostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 49 (2): 606-617.'' Alternatively it is treated as a tribe in Hypoptopomatinae The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae, composed of 17 genera and approximately 80 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species. It has been divided int .... References Loricariidae Ray-finned fish subfamilies {{Loricariidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otothyropsis
''Otothyropsis'' is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. Species There are currently 5 recognized species in this genus: * '' Otothyropsis alicula'' Lippert, Calegari & Reis, 2014 Lippert, B.G., Calegari, B.B. & Reis, R.E. (2014): A New Species of Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Hypoptopomatinae) from Eastern Brazil. ''Copeia, 2014 (2): 238–244''. * '' Otothyropsis biamnicus'' Calegari, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2013 Calegari, B.B., Lehmann A., P. & Reis, R.E. (2013)Two new species of cascudinhos of the genus Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Hypoptopomatinae) from the rio Paraná basin, Brazil. ''Zootaxa, 3619 (2): 130–144.'' * '' Otothyropsis marapoama'' Ribeiro, Carvalho & Melo, 2005 * '' Otothyropsis piribebuy'' Calegari, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2011 * '' Otothyropsis polyodon'' Calegari, Lehmann A. & Reis Reis may refer to : * Reis (surname), a Portuguese and German surname *Reis (military rank), an Ottoman military rank and obscure Lebanese/Syrian noble title ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurycheilichthys
''Eurycheilichthys'' is a small genus of armored catfishes native to South America. Taxonomy ''Eurycheilus pantherinus'' was first described in 1992 by Roberto Esser dos Reis and Scott A. Schaefer. However, ''Eurycheilus'' was preoccupied in fossil cephalopods, and therefore was replaced by ''Eurycheilichthys'' in 1993. ''E. limulus'' was described in 1998. ''Eurycheilichthys'' together with ''Pseudotocinclus'', '' Microlepidogaster'', '' Schizolecis'', '' Otothyris'' and '' Pseudotothyris'' form a clade whose sister group is '' Epactionotus''. Species There are currently two recognized species in this genus: * '' Eurycheilichthys limulus'' Reis & Schaefer, 1998 * '' Eurycheilichthys pantherinus'' (Reis & Schaefer, 1992) Distribution Both species in this genus are endemic to Brazil. Description The two species of ''Eurycheilichthys'' are similar. The trunk and caudal peduncle are round in cross section. Males have a fleshy flap along the posterior margin of the thickened ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otothyris
''Otothyris'' is a genus of armored catfishes endemic to Brazil. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * '' Otothyris juquiae'' Garavello, Britski & Schaefer, 1998 * '' Otothyris lophophanes'' (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) * '' Otothyris rostrata'' Garavello, Britski & Schaefer, 1998 * '' Otothyris travassosi'' Garavello, Britski & Schaefer, 1998 Distribution The genus ''Otothyris'' is distributed along the Atlantic coast of Brazil between Barra do Ribeira, Guaíba River Basin of Rio Grande do Sul State in the south to the Jequitinhonha River Basin of Bahia State in the north. The species are apparently restricted to the lowland sections of these river systems near the coast and have not been collected further to the west in higher elevation or headwater streams. Description ''Otothyris'' species have a laterally-placed eye that does not have an iris diverticulum. The head and margin of the snout have enlarged odontodes arranged in dorsal a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otocinclus
''Otocinclus'' is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae native to South America, commonly known as "dwarf suckers" or "otos". This genus, like other loricariids, is characterized by rows of armour plating covering the body, as well as the underslung suckermouth. They are generally small in size; ''O. tapirape'' is the smallest of the species (2.4 cm), while ''O. flexilis'' is the biggest (5.5 cm). These species have adaptations that allow them to breathe air. A duct forms at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach and expands into an enlarged, ring-like diverticulum, characteristic of this genus, which allows air-breathing.Armbruster, J.W. (1998)Modifications of the Digestive Tract for Holding Air in Loricariid and Scoloplacid Catfishes.''Copeia, 1998 (3): 663–675.'' ''Otocinclus'' are popular aquarium fish, and they are often purchased as algae eaters. It is difficult to breed them in captivity, and only wild caught ''Otocinclus'' are available to h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxyropsis
''Oxyropsis'' is a genus of fish in the family Loricariidae native to South America. These species are distinguished by the presence of a single row of enlarged odontodes along the trunk midline lying adjacent and immediately dorsal to, the lateral line canal. Species of this genus have a depressed head and have relatively large eyes placed ventrolaterally. This genus is most similar to '' Hypoptopoma'' in external appearance, which shares the head shape and eye placement. ''Oxyropsis'' are elongate and have a narrow caudal peduncle, which distinguishes it from all other Hypoptopomatinae genera except '' Niobichthys'' and '' Acestridium''.Aquino, A.E. & Schaefer, S.A. (2002)Revision of ''Oxyropsis'' Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae).''Copeia, 2002 (2): 374–390.'' The species of ''Oxyropsis'' are distinguished based on their armor plate formation, numbers of plates and teeth, relative depth of the caudal peduncle, development of serrae on the pectoral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinolekos
''Rhinolekos'' is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. This genus is only known from the Tocantizinho River and Paranaiba River drainage in Goiás, Brazil. Species There are currently 4 recognized species in this genus: * '' Rhinolekos britskii'' Martins, Langeani & Costa Costa may refer to: Biology * Rib (Latin: ''costa''), in vertebrate anatomy * Costa (botany), the central strand of a plant leaf or thallus * Costa (coral), a stony rib, part of the skeleton of a coral * Costa (entomology), the leading edge of th ..., 2011 * '' Rhinolekos capetinga'' Roxo, L. E. Ochoa, G. S. C. Silva & C. de Oliveira, 2015 * '' Rhinolekos garavelloi'' Martins & Langeani, 2011 * '' Rhinolekos schaeferi'' Martins & Langeani, 2011 References Loricariidae Fish of South America Fish of Brazil Freshwater fish genera Catfish genera {{Loricariidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
