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Hypocretin (orexin) Receptor 2
Orexin receptor type 2 (Ox2R or OX2), also known as hypocretin receptor type 2 (HcrtR2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCRTR2 gene. Structure The structure of the receptor has been solved to 2.5 Å resolution as a fusion protein bound to suvorexant using lipid-mediated crystallization. Function OX2 is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed exclusively in the brain. It has 64% identity with OX1. OX2 binds both orexin A and orexin B neuropeptides. OX2 is involved in the central feedback mechanism that regulates feeding behaviour. Mice with enhanced OX2 signaling are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. This receptor is activated by Hipocretin, which is a wake-promoting hypothalamic neuropeptide that acts as a critical regulator of sleep in animals as Zebrafish or Mammals. This protein has mutations in Astyanax mexicanus that reduces the sleep needs of the cavefish. Ligands Agonists * Danavorexton (TAK-925) – selective OX2 receptor agonist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SB-649,868
SB-649868 is a dual orexin receptor antagonist that was being developed by GlaxoSmithKline as a treatment for insomnia. A phase I clinical trial evaluated doses up to 80 mg, resulting in significant improvement in sleep latency without adverse effects. In randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trials, the 10 and 30 mg doses increased sleep time and reduced sleep latency. The subsequent phase II study added a 60 mg dose and observed dose-dependent sleep promotion. The compound no longer appears to be under active development, with the last study posted to ClinicalTrials.gov completed in 2010. See also * Almorexant * Filorexant * Lemborexant Lemborexant, sold under the brand name Dayvigo, is an orexin antagonist medication which is used in the treatment of insomnia. It is indicated specifically for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or maint ... * Suvorexant References Further reading * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lemborexant
Lemborexant, sold under the brand name Dayvigo, is an orexin antagonist medication which is used in the treatment of insomnia. It is indicated specifically for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or maintenance in adults. The medication is taken by mouth. Side effects of lemborexant include somnolence, fatigue, headache, and abnormal dreams. The medication is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA). It acts as a selective dual antagonist of the orexin receptors OX1 and OX2. Lemborexant has a long elimination half-life of 17 to 55hours and a time to peak of about 1 to 3hours. It is not a benzodiazepine or Z-drug and does not interact with GABA receptors, instead having a distinct mechanism of action. Lemborexant was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2019. It is a schedule IV controlled substance in the United States and may have a low potential for misuse. Besides lemborexant, other orexin receptor antago ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JNJ-10397049
JNJ-10397049 is a potent and highly selective OX2 receptor antagonist. In animals, JNJ-10397049 was found to have sleep-promoting effects and to attenuate the reinforcing effects of ethanol Ethanol (abbr. EtOH; also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula . Its formula can be also written as or (an ethyl group linked to a .... References Bromoarenes Dioxanes Orexin antagonists Ureas {{Sedative-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filorexant
Filorexant (, ; developmental code name MK-6096) is an orexin antagonist which was under development by Merck for the treatment of insomnia, depression, diabetic neuropathy, and migraine. It is a dual antagonist of the orexin OX1 and OX2 receptors. It has a relatively short elimination half-life of 3 to 6hours. However, it dissociates slowly from the orexin receptors and may thereby have a longer duration. Possibly in relation to this, filorexant shows next-day somnolence similarly to suvorexant. In phase 2 clinical trials, filorexant was found to be effective in the treatment of insomnia, but was not effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder, painful diabetic neuropathy, or migraine. , filorexant was no longer listed on Merck's online development pipeline and hence development of the drug appears to have been discontinued. Development of filorexant may have been discontinued due to lack of differentiation from suvorexant (which was also developed by Merck). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EMPA (drug)
EMPA is a selective antagonist of the OX2 receptor, with 900-fold selectivity in binding for OX2 over OX1. See also * TCS-OX2-29 TCS-OX2-29 is an orexin antagonist. It was the first non-peptide antagonist developed that is selective for the orexin receptor subtype OX2, with an IC50 of 40nM and selectivity of around 250x for OX2 over OX1 receptors. Orexin antagonists ar ... References Orexin antagonists Pyridines Sulfonamides {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daridorexant
Daridorexant, sold under the brand name Quviviq, is an orexin antagonist medication which is used for the treatment of insomnia. Daridorexant is taken by mouth. Side effects of daridorexant include headache, somnolence, and fatigue. The medication is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA). It acts as a selective dual antagonist of the orexin receptors OX1 and OX2. Daridorexant has a relatively short elimination half-life of 8hours and a time to peak of about 1 to 2hours. It is not a benzodiazepine or Z-drug and does not interact with GABA receptors, instead having a distinct mechanism of action. Daridorexant was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2022 and became available in May 2022. It was approved in the European Union in April 2022, and is the first orexin receptor antagonist to become available in European Union. The medication is a schedule IV controlled substance in the United States and may have a modest potential for misuse. Besides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Receptor Antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist. Antagonist drugs interfere in the natural operation of receptor proteins.Pharmacology Guide: In vitro pharmacology: concentration-response curves " '' GlaxoWellcome.'' Retrieved on December 6, 2007. They are sometimes called blockers; examples include alpha blockers, beta blocker [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almorexant
Almorexant, also known by its development code ACT-078573, is an orexin antagonist, acting as a competitive antagonist of the OX1 and OX2 orexin receptors, which was being developed by the pharmaceutical companies Actelion and GSK for the treatment of insomnia. Development of the drug was abandoned in January 2011 due to concerns over the hepatic safety of almorexant after transient increases in liver enzymes were observed in trials.GSK and Actelion discontinue clinical development of almorexant - GSK press release, 28 Jan 2011 Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Almorexant is a competitive, dual OX1 and OX2 receptor antagonist and selectively inhibits the functional consequences of OX1[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
